USRE9425E - smith - Google Patents

Description

'3. 11 ,0. 'SM-I-TH. Water Closget.

No. 9,425. Reissued Oct 19.1880.

Wmm'

UNITED STATES PATE T OFFICE.

WATER- CLOSET.

EPEGIFICATION forming part ofReissue-d Letters Patent No. 9,425, dated October 19, 1880.

Original No. 136,105, dated February 18,1873.

Application for reissue filed September '14, 1880.

DIVISION A.

To all whom it. may concern:

Be it known that -I, ROBERT D. 0. SMITH,

of Washington, in the District of Columbia,

have invented anew auduseful Improvement in Water-Closets, Sinks, 'lraps and other Depositories for Olfensive Matters; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and other artificial appliances when.theaeqwrredv current would not be produced by natural 1 causes; and 1 am aware that the ventilation of sewers has been attempted in a similar way.

I am also aware that a water-closet has been provided with a lateral outlet connecting with a pipe which extended from the cesspool or sewer to the outer atmosphere for the alleged purpose of ventilating both the cesspool or sewer and the water-closet.

The escape of sewer-gas and other foul odors from the soil or waste pipe is generally caused by gaseous pressure within said pipes in excess of the external atmospheric pressure.

This excessive pressure is due to chemical and mechanicalcauses which are well understood.

' All fluids move in lines of least resistance,

' and it is evident that a gas moving through a pipe and under pressure greater than the at-' mospheric pressure will seek to escape through any lateral opening. Under such circumstances, and a water-closet having a lateral.

ventilating-connection with a pipe also in communication with the cesspool or sewer, sewergas will be driven through said; ventilatingpipe into the hopper, and thence into the apartment, from which no system of ventilation employed prior to myinvention has been efl'ectual to remove it. Therefore I do not claim anything as to the principles involved, but only as to the special application of those principies to accomplish the ventilatiom of waterolosets, sinks, traps, and other deposi toriesfor ofi'ensive matters in the particular manner herein set forth.

The object of my invention is accomplished by causing a flow of pure air inward and downward through the closet, &c., and thence into a duct or flue which will discharge the same and any gases or odors which it may have encountered on its passage through the closet and so high in the atmosphere as to render them innoxious; The flue or duct and the stitute an inverted siphon, of which the closet is apart of the shorter leg, subject to the same through siphons. As in other siphons, the efl'eetiveaction will I bear: a proportion te the diversity of length of the two legs modified by any imported force in one leg, such as heat or a fan, and it is evident that if the lonaer shorter leg to another opening it will no longer constitute a siphon. I am also aware thata water-closet having a bowl and an enlargement or chamber, and a water-pan or valve and a foot, has also been provided with a lateral outlet from said chamber below said pan.

I have now set forth in general terms the principles of action of my invention; but for the purpose of ventilating water-closets, -&c., the simple construction indicated above will be fully efl'ective' only under the most favorable circumstances, because dissimilar gases do not mix readily,and when the flow ot' the ventilatin g current is feeble it will pass by the shortest way along that side of the hopper nearest the ventilating-outlet, while gas from the soil-pipe may pass up the opposite side unobstructed. This is illustrated in Figni. The plain arrows'rcprcsent pureair, and the crooked arrows represent the impure or offensive gases, the escape of which into the apartment it is the object of this invention to prevent.

causes must generally be depended on to set up and maintain the required ventilating current. In dwelling-houses these natural causes may be aided by the heat from domestic tires, and under all circumstances these causes will be more or less variable. It is therefore we closet with the intermediate connection con-' In'aotual practice, natural atmospheric .into the air outside the apartment orbuildiug,

law of action which controls the flow of fluids leg be extended below its connection wlt'hthe a, :as-trap,frm which the only way of escape tion of the apparatus, so thatwhile a person -Havi-ng now indicated its principles of acessary to adapt the apparatus for eflective service under the least favorable conditions, andin thatpart of myinvention claimed herein this end is accomplished by a gas-trap inserted in the closet, whereby the most feeble flow of the ventilating current-will be enabled to oppose and prevent the escape of offensive odors or gases from the soil-pipe.

When, by exhaustion, air is drawn with a jects into a chamber from which-air isdrawn I by exhaustion a movement will be set up over the entire cross-area of said pipe, and,

however feeble this movement may be, so long" as it is positive it will constitute an atmospheric plug, which will prevent any gaseous outflow through the same pipe by deflecting thegaseous current aside, and the projection of said pipe into the chamber will constitute will be through the ventilating-outlet.

tion, that part of my invention claimed herein consists, principally, in a closet provided with an enlargement or chamber, into which the closet projects, said chamber being provided with a ventilating-outlet adapted to be connected with a flue which is independent of the soil-pipe or other connection with the sewer,

whereby said chamber constitutes a gas-trap, as set forth.

That others may fully understand the practical means which I propose to employ 'for,-this i purpose, I will more partieul arl y describe them, having reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a central vertical section through i a closet and embracing my invention. Fig. 2

represents an ordinary form of closetwith my invention applied to it.

4 is an illustrative diagram.

This invention isequall ya pplicable in proper form to sinks, traps, and other depositories of ofi ensive matter.

Fig. 3 represents a modified way of applying my invention. Fig. ters, which is separated from. said bowl by a A represents the bowl, say,of a water-closet. B is the soil-pipe to carry away the matters" deposited in said bowl, and O is an ordinary stenclrtrap. The water-closet, comprising the bowl A and chamber G, is a single structure, 1 and is provided with a foot, whereby it may stand upon and be attached to the floor.

is the enlargement or chamber into which the neck a, or. lower part of the bowl A, projects, and D is the ventilating-outlet in the side of the chamber G behind the neck a.

The outletD is connected with the ventilating flue=or duct E.

The flue E and bowl A, with their con-' -to pass so long as there is a movement of air down through the neck a into the chamber G and into the flue E, because, as is shown by the crooked and plain arrows, and as hereinbefore set forth, a movement of air through said neck into said chamber G will form a gaseous plug and obstruction to the passage of a gaseous body inthe opposite direction, and said gaseous body will be thereby dcflectediand, turned aside into said chamber G, where it will betrapped. Its further movement will then beassisted and accelerated, instead of opposed, by the flow of the ventilating current, and it will be thereby carried away into the ventilatingdue and discharged into the atmosphere above the housetop.

It may sometimes happen that the airearrents passing down through the seat may be nil-pleasantly strong while the closet is being used. In such cases an inlet-valve, V, may

is sitting upon said seat said valve will be open and air admitted thereto but at all other times said valve will be closed and the draftair only admitted through the seat; This I think is the preferable method; but others may prefer to make the valve, or an opening without a valve, the constant inlet for the aircurrent.

Havingdescribed myinvention,wha't1claim as new is i 1. A bowl, A, provided with an enlargement or chamber, G, an outlet, D, and a foot whereon it may stand and be attached to the floor, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with the bowl A and the outlet D, the opening substantially for the purpose set forth.

3. A bowl, A, connected with and discharg ing into a soil-pipe or depository for foul mattute an inverted siphon, of which said bowl is part of the shorter leg, coi nbined with a gastrap chamber interposed between said bowl and outlet D, as set forth. p

4. Awater-closet provided with an outlet for the escape of foul matters into a soil-pipe or other depository, achamber, G, or gas-trap, as described, into which the neck a projects, and an outlet, D, from said chamber G, combined with a stench-trap in said soil-pipe, and a line orduct, E, independent of the soil-pipe or other connection with the sewer, whereby 'a ventilating current of air is caused to flow in ward and through said bowl and chamber G, and thereby prevent the escape of gaseous emanations arising from the foul matters in said soil-pipe or depository.

5 ma closet, sink, traps,

5. In ventilating water-closets, sinkaflrspa, whereby said odors or gases are forcibly oeu- &e., the mode or method of preveutmg the escape in causing a constant flow of pure airthrongh I exhaust-outlet independent of gaseous "currents or emsnatlonsfrom the soil-pipe or sewer,

of foul odors or gases, which consists in set forth.

800., and than into an I trolled and carried away, substantially as here.-

B. D. 0. SMITH.

M. v. 'sm'm, L. H. MARSHALL.

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