USRE8141E - Improvement in dynamo-electric machines - Google Patents

Description

Assignor of cne'half interest to ROBERTS &. HAVELL. Dynamo Electric Machine.

No. 8,141. Reissued March 26, 1878.

E I I l I 3 a I I WlTN asses KNVKENTOR W .M Eda/v.32 War v ATTORNEYS THE "cams PETERS on FHOTO-UTHQ, wnnmr-TON, n. c.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2;

E,. W B S T 0 N Assiguor of one half interest to ROBERTS 8n HAVELL Dynamo Electric Machine.

Reissued March 26, 1781s.,

INVENTOR EdwaraiW p ATTORNEYS I: WlTh lESSE S g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD WESTON, OF NEWARK,'NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF INTEREST TO ROBERTS 82; HAVELL. OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN DYNAMO -ELECTRIO MACHINES.

Specificationforming part of Letters Patent No. 180,082, dated July 18, 1876 Reissue No. 8,141, dated March 26, 1878; application filed July 10, 1877.

is to enable such machines to transmute mechanical energy into electrical energy with greater economythan heretofore, is based upon the well-known principle of the mutual excitation of a stationary magnet-and a revolving armature, with which the stationary magnet is in circuit. This principle has heretofore only been practically applied in machines containing but one electro-m agnet, or in machines containing a number of electro-magnets, but

in which a portion of the current was exclusively employed to excite the electro-magnets,

and the remainder of the current only was available for efi'ective work.

My machine contains a group of revolving armatures and a group of stationary magnets; but the entire current generated in the armatnres is passed through the coils of the static nary magnets, as well as through the operative circuit all the coils upon the electro-magnets being in the same circuit. v

The distinguishing characteristic of the or,- ganization of my machine is that the revolving armatures and stationary electro-magnets are arranged in the same plane, the stationary magnets being affixed to and projecting convergently from the interior of a hollow cylindrical iron shell, hereinafter called the cylinder, and the revolving magnets composing the armatures being aflixedto and projecting radially outward from a shaft revolving in the center .or axis of the cylinder. By this mode of arrangement, and by making my armaturecores' long and suitably narrow, and applying them lengthwise to the shaft, I am enabled to [diminish their radial projection, and thus greatly reduce the power required to rotate them in the magnetic field.

One feature of my invention-is also embodied in my commutator, the parts of which are so halved together that only two brushes are required to collect the pulsating currents from all the armatures in the machine. I

My invention also includes the feature of detachable top plates or caps for the armaturesi which, by their capacity for detachment, afi'or opportunity for the bodily removal of the coils from the cores, and, of course, a like opportunity for the application to the cores of coils already wound. Y

The accompanying drawings are as follows:

Figure 11's an end view of my machine. Fig.' l

2 is a central longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a side view of the commutator. Fig. 4'is a transverse section of the commutator. Fig. 5 is a section through one of the electromagnets composing the revolving armature, and Fig. 6 is a detailed view of the same.

My machine consists of a cylinder, A, which is properly supported upon the bed-plate, and is provided'with a' number of inwardly-converging electro-magnets, B B. 'These magnets, which partake of the shape of the armaturemagnets in respect of being short radially and elongated transversely in a direction parallel with the shaft (J,'are each wrapped orwound with metallic wires or ribbons b b, in the usual manner.

The cylinder A may also have the wire .hub by one or more screws, (1, or by other suitable means, so that itmay be independ.

ently attached to or detached from the hub.

Each armature is also providedwith a cap or top plate, E, which, if desired, may be detaehably connected tothe armature by the pins e, or by other suitable means.

- other end of each of the armature-coils.

The outer ends of the armature-coresfin revolving, jnstclear the inner ends of the magnets 3 B. I

By the rotation of the shaft 0 currents of electricity are induced in the armature-coils alternately in opposite directions as the armatures sweep by the successive poles of the stationary magnets. The currents induced in the armatures are collected and conducted -to the operative circuit, which includes the coils surroundin g all the stationary electro-magnets by means of a metallic commutator composed of two parts, H and H, insulated from each other, one of which, H, is electrically connected with the shaft, and is thereby connected with one end of each of the armaturecoils, while the other part, H, which is insulated from the shaft, is connected with (the ne part, H, of the commutator consists of a perforatcd hub mounted upon an insulated bushing upon the shaft 0, and provided with a number of laterallyprojecting equidistant strips, the outer surfaces of which coincide with the periphery of the hub. The other part, H, consists of a smaller hub, mounted directly upon the shaft 0, and provided with a group of equidistant radially-projecting strips, the outer faces of which are curved, and also coincide with the periphery of the hub of the piece H.

It will thus be seen that 'when the two parts of the commutator are brought together the strips with which they are severally provided areequidistantly interplaced in the periphery of the same cylinder.

The two parts of the commutator are clamped in position upon the shaft, between the collar J and the nut K, which is screwed on the outer end of the shaft, and bears against the end of the piece H. An insulating-collar separates the-piece H from the piece'H, and a flanged bushing of insulating material separates the collar J from the shaft 0. v

The number of strips in the commutator corresponds to the number of revolving armatures. It is a result of this organization of the commutator that only two springs or brushes, Land L, are required for the c011ection of the currents from all the revolving armatures. The brushes L and L" bear respectively upon strips belonging to difl'erentparts of the commutator.

The change in the direction of the current induced in the armatures effects a corresponding change in the polarities in the respective parts of the commutator; but at the instant of this change the rotation of the commutator bringsinto contact with the respective brushesstrips respectively of the samepolariv ties as those of the preceding strips before the change.

Heretofore it has been customary to have as many brushes for the collection of the currents from the commutator as there were strips employed.

As the brushes are anexpensive and destructible part of the apparatus, there is an obvious advantage in my invention, in respect of its lessening the number of brushes required.

One of the distinctive characteristics of my machine is that, although it contains a plural,

ity of electro-magnets, both stationary and revolving, it has but a single circuit.

When the shaft 0 is rotated, which is eli'eeted by a drivingbelt upon the pulley M, the currents of electricity induced in the armatures are conducted from one of the brush-stand ards, L, by means of the wire N to the continuous coils b surrounding the electro-magnets B, and also, if desired, to the coilsu asurrounding the cylinder, and thence, by means of the wire N, to one of the binding-posts O, to which one end of the operative circuit is connected. The other end of the operative circuit is secured, to the other binding-post, P, which is connected with the standard of the other brush, L.,

It will thus be seen that by my invention the entire current induced in the coils of the revolving armatures is conducted through the coils surrounding all the stationary magnets, all the coils being incorporated in a single electric circuit, and none of the armatures being set apart-merely for the purpose of generating a current whose sole duty it shall be to excite the stationary magnets.

I am aware that in machines in which per-' manent magnets have ibeen'cmployed "in conjunction with electro-magnets, the coils of'the electro-magnets have been incorporated in a single circuit. Such machines have beencalled magneto-electric machines. I employ electro-magnets only in my machine, and therefore designate it a dynamo-electric machine.

I claim as my invention- 1. A ring, or hollow cylinder of iron or other magnetic material, wrapped or unwrapped,

having afiixed to its inner side a group of radially converging magnets, substantially as described. I

. 2. In a dynamo -electric machine having a single circuit, a ring or hollow cylinder of iron or other magnetic material, wrapped or unwrapped, provided interiorly with a group of radially-converging magnets forming a part of the cylinder, in combination with a group of armatures projecting radially from and forming part of a central rotating hub of iron or other material, substantially as described.

3. A-dynamo-electric machine provided with a group of radiallyconverging stationary elec-'- tro-magnets, and a group of armatures radially afflxed to and projecting from a central hub, when so arranged that the currentgenerated in all the armatures is conducted through the coils surrounding all the stationary electro-magnets, as and for the purposes set forth.

. 4. The commutator H H, made in two parts, as described, placed upon the shaft 0, the ring J, and nutK, all constructed substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a dynamo-electric machineprovided with a group of armatures radially affixed to a revolving hub, the detachable top plates or caps E on the err-matures, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The radially-projecting cores and plates E and E, independently detachable, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of June, 187 7 EDWARD WESTON.

Witnesses FRANK GALT, W. O. MOARTHUR.

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