USRE35989E - Soil conditioning product and process - Google Patents
Soil conditioning product and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE35989E USRE35989E US08/703,626 US70362696A USRE35989E US RE35989 E USRE35989 E US RE35989E US 70362696 A US70362696 A US 70362696A US RE35989 E USRE35989 E US RE35989E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- iadd
- iaddend
- dried
- plantago
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241001127637 Plantago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000134552 Plantago ovata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003421 Plantago ovata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000013557 Plantaginaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001499944 Plantago patagonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940018492 plantago seed Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C21/00—Apparatus or processes for surface soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing local aggregate with binder
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soil conditioner and more particularly relates to a soil conditioner for stabilizing the soil and enhancing the water absorption and retention characteristics of the soil.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,609 teaches a method of impeding soil errosion by depositing a cover of hydrophilic cellulose fibers on the soil which have a high water retention characteristic.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,824 deals with the production of soil treating agents and with the conditioning of depleted soils by fermenting extracts of various desert plants which extract is applied to the soil.
- the use of organic materials is also suggested in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,957,834 and 3,017,720.
- the former patent suggests a method of stabilizing soil against errosion which comprises dispersing a cold swelling starch which is derived from various natural starches such as potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch and the like on the surface of the soil.
- the latter patent suggests forming an aqueous slurry consisting essentially of cellulose pulp fibers as a mat over the soil.
- Still another approach to providing an agricultural process for ground cover involves spreading a mixture of the mucilage of the plantago seed with mulch, fertilizer, seed and water on the surface of the soil. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,696,559. This patent has been commercially exploited primarily as a means of providing ground cover along highway right-of-way areas.
- the present invention provides an improved soil conditioner for athletic fields.
- the method according to the present invention involves harvesting the entire seed and part of a plant from the Plantago family.
- the harvested seed and plant parts are dried and thereafter ground to flour-like consistency to form a soil conditioning agent.
- the area to be treated is tilled and the conditioner is spread over the surface to a depth of about two to four inches.
- the soil conditioner is worked into the soil and deep-watered and allowed to dry.
- the surface is then compacted by rolling or similar method.
- a time-release fertilizer may be included with the soil conditioner if groundcover or turf is to be planted on the soil surface.
- the drawing figure illustrates in diagram form the method of preparing the soil conditioner and treating soil according to the present invention.
- the soil conditioner is first prepared.
- the soil conditioner is prepared by first harvesting herbs from the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae).
- the Plantain family is also described as Plantago and is sometimes known as Indian-Wheat.
- the plant is described as a generally scapose herb with the foliage leaves all basal; flowers small, perfect or unisexual, regular, in terminal, long-peduncled, bracted spikes; calyx and corolla 4-divided or 4-lobed, persistent, usually scarious or scariuos-margined; stamens 2 or 4, distinct, attached to the corolla tube; style filiform, stigmatic most of its length; ovary superior, 2- to 4-celled; fruit a circumscissile, usually few-seeded capsule. See Arizona Flora, by Kearny and Peebles (1951 with Supplement 1960).
- the plant is ground to a fine powder. Grinding can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways, by using a ball grinder, an auger or screening techniques. Preferably the dried plant is ground to approximately the consistency of ordinary baking flour which is about mesh 150-200. Some inert fillers may be added at this time if desired if additional bulk is required. Typical fillers might be sugar, organic ground material such as seed husk, leaves and stems. The soil conditioner product is now ready for application.
- the area to be treated typically would be an athletic playing surface such as the base path of a baseball diamond. These areas are subject to heavy use and in periods of rain must have the ability to quickly absorb and disperse the moisture. Accordingly, the area to be treated is rototilled or otherwise tilled by hand to loosen the soil.
- the soil conditioner as prepared above is spread over the surface of the area typically to a depth of about two to four inches. The depth of application will vary with the nature of the soil. Soils having a high clay content may require additional amounts of conditioner.
- the conditioner is then worked into the soil by raking and tilling or harrowing to approximately two to eight inches depth. Preferably, the conditioner is worked until it is uniformly dispersed through the soil layer.
- an appropriate time-released fertilizer can be applied at the time the soil conditioner is added.
- the soil conditioner of the present invention works well for almost any application where a reduction of compaction, aeration, uniformity of surface and better moisture absorption and retention is required.
- athletic fields such as baseball diamonds and golf courses are particularly good applications for the soil conditioning method and product of the present invention.
- Other similar applications include race tracks, football and soccer fields, clay tennis courts, highway berms and embankments.
- the soil conditioner of the present invention provides a basically constant playing surface which is particularly important at the professional athletic level. Preliminary tests indicate that the soil conditioner is effective for a long period of time and even under heavy playing conditions, may last for as many as two years. Maintenance costs are reduced as preparation of the field, such as dragging is made easier because of the uniformity and condition of the surface. Further, playing fields are ready for play in a shorter time after heavy rains as compared with untreated fields or fields treated with other methods.
- the soil conditioner of the present invention appears to have the ability to "pull" the moisture from the surface into the soil and disperse and retain the moisture. Therefore, surface accumulation of water is minimized.
- Plantago insularis species is particularly adaptable, other species within the family may be used. These include Plantago ovata, Plantago purshii, and Plantago fastigiata.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method of conditioning soil and an organic soil conditioner particularly useful in treating athletic fields derived by drying and grinding plants from the Plantago family. The soil conditioner is applied to the surface of tilled soil and thereafter worked into the soil, deep-watered, allowed to dry and packed. Time-released fertilizer may be included in the soil conditioner if desired.
Description
The present invention relates to a soil conditioner and more particularly relates to a soil conditioner for stabilizing the soil and enhancing the water absorption and retention characteristics of the soil.
The problems of conditioning and stabilizing soils are particularly important in the maintenance of athletic fields. In order for athletic fields to be acceptable for use, the soil must be firm, not subject to blowing or washing away of the surface, and must have good moisture absorption and retention characteristics. Soil that will not quickly absorb and disburse water is a particular problem as fields unplayable as a result of standing water can result in delay of games causing scheduling problems, financial burdens and fan and player disgruntlement. Accordingly, various products and soil treatment processes involving organic components are available in the prior art.
The prior art suggests various approaches to the problem of conditioning soils. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,609 teaches a method of impeding soil errosion by depositing a cover of hydrophilic cellulose fibers on the soil which have a high water retention characteristic.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,824 deals with the production of soil treating agents and with the conditioning of depleted soils by fermenting extracts of various desert plants which extract is applied to the soil. The use of organic materials is also suggested in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,957,834 and 3,017,720. The former patent suggests a method of stabilizing soil against errosion which comprises dispersing a cold swelling starch which is derived from various natural starches such as potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch and the like on the surface of the soil. The latter patent suggests forming an aqueous slurry consisting essentially of cellulose pulp fibers as a mat over the soil.
Still another approach to providing an agricultural process for ground cover involves spreading a mixture of the mucilage of the plantago seed with mulch, fertilizer, seed and water on the surface of the soil. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,696,559. This patent has been commercially exploited primarily as a means of providing ground cover along highway right-of-way areas.
While various prior art methods and products, including the foregoing, have met with some success in the prior art they generally relate to methods involving an organic product for conditioning the soil and for promoting growth of ground cover and have not worked particularly well in the area of athletic fields. As pointed out above, the absorption and dispersion of water is a particular problem in the treatment of playing fields. Further, any soil conditioner for athletic fields must provide a playing surface that is adequately firm and errosion resistant.
Briefly, the present invention provides an improved soil conditioner for athletic fields. The method according to the present invention involves harvesting the entire seed and part of a plant from the Plantago family. The harvested seed and plant parts are dried and thereafter ground to flour-like consistency to form a soil conditioning agent. The area to be treated is tilled and the conditioner is spread over the surface to a depth of about two to four inches. Thereafter, the soil conditioner is worked into the soil and deep-watered and allowed to dry. The surface is then compacted by rolling or similar method. A time-release fertilizer may be included with the soil conditioner if groundcover or turf is to be planted on the soil surface.
A more complete understanding of the invention will be apparent from the following description, claims and drawings in which:
The drawing figure illustrates in diagram form the method of preparing the soil conditioner and treating soil according to the present invention.
In the practice of the present invention, the soil conditioner is first prepared. The soil conditioner is prepared by first harvesting herbs from the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). The Plantain family is also described as Plantago and is sometimes known as Indian-Wheat. The plant is described as a generally scapose herb with the foliage leaves all basal; flowers small, perfect or unisexual, regular, in terminal, long-peduncled, bracted spikes; calyx and corolla 4-divided or 4-lobed, persistent, usually scarious or scariuos-margined; stamens 2 or 4, distinct, attached to the corolla tube; style filiform, stigmatic most of its length; ovary superior, 2- to 4-celled; fruit a circumscissile, usually few-seeded capsule. See Arizona Flora, by Kearny and Peebles (1951 with Supplement 1960).
There are various species to the plantain family and it has been found that the species Plantago insularis found in southern Utah, Nevada, Arizona and southern California works particularly well. The plant is harvested by cutting it at mid-stem and then dried. Drying can be accomplished naturally on drying racks or tables exposed to solar energy or can be accomplished in conventional agricultural dryers. One effective method is to place the harvested plant on sheets of black plastic exposed directly to solar radiation. In normal summer conditions in the South West, drying can be accomplished in about three days.
After the plant is dried, it is ground to a fine powder. Grinding can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways, by using a ball grinder, an auger or screening techniques. Preferably the dried plant is ground to approximately the consistency of ordinary baking flour which is about mesh 150-200. Some inert fillers may be added at this time if desired if additional bulk is required. Typical fillers might be sugar, organic ground material such as seed husk, leaves and stems. The soil conditioner product is now ready for application.
The area to be treated typically would be an athletic playing surface such as the base path of a baseball diamond. These areas are subject to heavy use and in periods of rain must have the ability to quickly absorb and disperse the moisture. Accordingly, the area to be treated is rototilled or otherwise tilled by hand to loosen the soil. Thereafer, the soil conditioner as prepared above is spread over the surface of the area typically to a depth of about two to four inches. The depth of application will vary with the nature of the soil. Soils having a high clay content may require additional amounts of conditioner. The conditioner is then worked into the soil by raking and tilling or harrowing to approximately two to eight inches depth. Preferably, the conditioner is worked until it is uniformly dispersed through the soil layer.
Thereafter, deep watering is applied. For example, approximately ten inches of water should be applied to the soil surface. After watering, the water is allowed to fully permeate the soil. Normally, under ordinary dry conditions, the area is allowed to set for a day or so. After the water has been allowed to permeate the soil, the surface is compacted by rolling with a pneumatic or heavy-weighted steel faced roller. At this point, the surface is ready for play.
If the soil surface is to support a ground cover, an appropriate time-released fertilizer can be applied at the time the soil conditioner is added.
The soil conditioner of the present invention works well for almost any application where a reduction of compaction, aeration, uniformity of surface and better moisture absorption and retention is required. As mentioned above, athletic fields such as baseball diamonds and golf courses are particularly good applications for the soil conditioning method and product of the present invention. Other similar applications include race tracks, football and soccer fields, clay tennis courts, highway berms and embankments.
In order to test the effectiveness of the present product and process, the process was applied to baseball diamonds base paths and was proven very effective. The soil conditioner of the present invention provides a basically constant playing surface which is particularly important at the professional athletic level. Preliminary tests indicate that the soil conditioner is effective for a long period of time and even under heavy playing conditions, may last for as many as two years. Maintenance costs are reduced as preparation of the field, such as dragging is made easier because of the uniformity and condition of the surface. Further, playing fields are ready for play in a shorter time after heavy rains as compared with untreated fields or fields treated with other methods. The soil conditioner of the present invention appears to have the ability to "pull" the moisture from the surface into the soil and disperse and retain the moisture. Therefore, surface accumulation of water is minimized. In actual tests at the San Francisco Giants minor league camp at Casa Grande, Arizona, a treated field was compared with an untreated field after unusually heavy spring rains. The treated field was ready for play within 15 hours after the rains, whereas, the adjacent untreated field was unplayable for a period of at least 48 hours. The surface of the treated field was uniform and firm while the untreated adjacent field was "goey" and slick and not playable.
While the Plantago insularis species is particularly adaptable, other species within the family may be used. These include Plantago ovata, Plantago purshii, and Plantago fastigiata.
Having described in detail the preferred embodiments of my method for treating soil and the product, a person skilled in the art will be able to make various changes, alterations and modifications while continuing to practice the inventive principles described herein. It is therefore intended that all such modifications and alterations be covered as they are embraced within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A .Iadd.conditioned soil .Iaddend.product .Iadd.comprising soil and dried and ground plants from the Plantago family, made by the process .Iaddend.for conditioning soils comprising . .the.!. .Iadd.mixing .Iaddend.dried and ground plants from the Plantago family .Iadd.with soil.Iaddend..
2. The . .soil conditioner.!. .Iadd.product .Iaddend.of claim 1 wherein said plant is Plantago insularis.
3. . .The.!. .Iadd.A .Iaddend.method of treating soil for better water dispersion and retention comprising:
(a) tilling the area to be treated;
(b) applying a surface layer of a soil conditioner comprising . .the.!. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.dried, ground plant of the Plantago family;
(c) tilling the conditioner into the soil;
(d) deep watering;
(e) allowing to dry; and
(f) packing the surface.
4. The method of treating the soil set forth in claim 3 further including application of a time-release fertilizer to the surface prior to tilling the conditioner into the soil.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein said soil conditioner comprises . .the.!. ground seed, plants and part of the stem of the species Plantago insularis. .Iadd.
6. The conditioned soil product of claim 1 in which the soil comprises at least a portion of an athletic field. .Iaddend..Iadd.7. The conditioned soil product of claim 6 wherein the soil mixed with the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family comprises a layer of soil of about 2 to 4 inches in depth. .Iaddend..Iadd.8. The product of claim 1 wherein the process further includes the step of deep watering the mixed dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.9. The product of claim 8 wherein the process further includes the step of compacting the mixed dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and
soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.10. The product of claim 1 wherein the process further includes the step of compacting the mixed dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.11. The product of claim 1 wherein the process of mixing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family with the soil comprises the steps of:
spreading the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family over the surface of an area containing the soil to be conditioned; and
working the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family into the soil to be conditioned. .Iaddend..Iadd.12. The product of claim 11 wherein the process further includes the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.13. The conditioned soil product of claim 11 comprising a layer of soil mixed with the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family of about 2 to 4 inches in depth. .Iaddend..Iadd.14. The conditioned soil product of claim 13 in which the soil comprises at least a portion of an athletic field. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. The conditioned soil product of claim 11 in which the soil comprises at least a portion of an athletic field. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. The product of claim 1 wherein the process further includes the step of deep watering the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.17. The product of claim 16 wherein the process further includes the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. The product of claim 17 wherein the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil is effected after the
deep watering step. .Iaddend..Iadd.19. The product of claim 1 wherein the process step of mixing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family with the soil comprises the step of uniformly dispersing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family throughout the soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. A process for conditioning soil comprising mixing dried and ground plants from the Plantago family with the soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. The process of claim 20 further including the step of deep watering the mixture of dried and round plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. The process of claim 21 further including the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.23. The process of claim 20 further including the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.24. The process of claim 20 wherein the step of mixing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family with the soil to be conditioned comprises the steps of:
spreading the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family over the surface of an area containing the soil to be conditioned; and
working the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family into the soil to be conditioned. .Iadd.25. The process of claim 24 further including the step of deep watering the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. The process of claim 25 further including the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. The process of claim 26 further wherein the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil is effected after the deep watering step. .Iaddend..Iadd.28. The process of claim 24 further including the step of compacting the mixture of dried and ground plants from the Plantago family and soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.29. The process of claim 20 wherein the step of mixing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family with the soil to be conditioned comprises the step of uniformly dispersing the dried and ground plants from the Plantago family throughout the soil. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/703,626 USRE35989E (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1996-08-27 | Soil conditioning product and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/383,591 US4827665A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1982-06-01 | Soil conditioning product and process |
US08/703,626 USRE35989E (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1996-08-27 | Soil conditioning product and process |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/383,591 Reissue US4827665A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1982-06-01 | Soil conditioning product and process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE35989E true USRE35989E (en) | 1998-12-15 |
Family
ID=23513827
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/383,591 Ceased US4827665A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1982-06-01 | Soil conditioning product and process |
US08/703,626 Expired - Lifetime USRE35989E (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1996-08-27 | Soil conditioning product and process |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/383,591 Ceased US4827665A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1982-06-01 | Soil conditioning product and process |
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US (2) | US4827665A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6349499B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2002-02-26 | Profile Products Llc | Artificial mulch for seedling establishment |
US20060118009A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Soil conditioner |
US20070048096A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-03-01 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Soil conditioner |
US7556735B1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-07-07 | Debusk Thomas A | Plant biomass management system and method |
US20100088957A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Natural turf with binder |
US20100216639A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Hubbs Jonathon W | Gypsum soil conditioner |
US20110064872A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2011-03-17 | Envirobond Products Corporation | Materials for Travelled Surfaces |
US20170072442A1 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-03-16 | Agri-Tech Producers,LLC | Combined remediation biomass and bio-product production process |
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US6349499B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2002-02-26 | Profile Products Llc | Artificial mulch for seedling establishment |
US20110064872A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2011-03-17 | Envirobond Products Corporation | Materials for Travelled Surfaces |
US8221831B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2012-07-17 | Envirobond Products Corporation | Materials for travelled surfaces |
US20060118009A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Soil conditioner |
US20070048096A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-03-01 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Soil conditioner |
US20090317195A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2009-12-24 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Soil conditioner |
US7556735B1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2009-07-07 | Debusk Thomas A | Plant biomass management system and method |
US20100088957A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Hubbs Jonathan W | Natural turf with binder |
US20100216639A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Hubbs Jonathon W | Gypsum soil conditioner |
US20170072442A1 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-03-16 | Agri-Tech Producers,LLC | Combined remediation biomass and bio-product production process |
US10086417B2 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2018-10-02 | Agri-Tech Producers, Llc | Combined remediation biomass and bio-product production process |
Also Published As
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US4827665A (en) | 1989-05-09 |
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