USRE2385E - Improved apparatus for rendering lard, tallow, sgc - Google Patents

Description

. g COPY C. E. GRAY.

Apparatus for Rendering Lard, Tallow,v 6m.

No. 2,385. l Ressued Oct. 30, 1866'.

@if ff@ Mw j 'UNITED STATES PATENT OEE-10E.

i RADCLIFFE B. LOGKWOOD AND CHARLES J. EYERETT, OF NEW YORK,l N. Y., ASSIGNEES OF CARROL E. GRAY.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RENDERING LARD, TALLOW, 86C.

Specification formingpart of Letters Patent No. 46,103, dated January 3l, 1865; Reissue No. 2,048, dated August 8, 1865; Reissue N0. 2.385, dated October 30, 1866.

To all whom it' may concern Be it known that OARROL E. GRAY, of the city, county, and State of New York, did invent certain new and useful Improvements in Rendering Apparatus for Renderin g Lard, Tallow, and other similar animal or vegetable substances, for which Letters Patent were granted to him on the 31st day of January, 1865, and which were reissued to him on the 8th of August, 1865, and are assigned to us as the sole assignees of said GRAY; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of said invention, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a front elevation of the apparatus and furnace; and Fig. 2, a vertical section through the same. c

To. enable others skilled in the arts to which this invention appertains to make and use the same, lwe will proceed to describe the object, nature, and extent thereof, and the manner of making and operating the same. v

There are four important consideration which should govern the construction and erection of a rendering apparatus. The first object should be to obtain the best quality of rendered fat; the second, to obtain the largest possible yield; the third, to reduce the fat without making' the rendering establishment a nuisance; and the fourth, economy of fuel,

time, and labor.

To answer these conditions-the apparatus should be made to render by the application of a dry heat, and possess means ot' exactly regulating the temperature applied thereto. It should be made air-tight, possess a large rendering or heating surface, be fitted with a properly-arranged pipe to provide for and control the escape of the noxious vapors and gases, to the end that they may be deodorized or consumed in the furnace, and should be so arranged in relationto the heating source that little or no heat will be wasted.

The old process of rendering was to put the fat in an open tank or lkettle, and apply the fire to the bottom, and continue to stir the fat until the rendering was completed. By this means a good quality of rendered'fat was obtained 5 but the process is a tedious and laborious one, andis objectionable on account of the noxious gases and vapors driven off in the atmosphere, whlch makes 1t anuisance, and also on account of its liability to scorch or burn the fat, there being no certain means of regulating the temperature.

Rendering by steam in tight and open tanks has also been extensively practiced, and, so far The water and steam in rendering dissolves the gluten and mixes it with the fat and dirt, which unavoidably gets into the tank, making the fat soft, impure, and liable to spoil when stored; and, morever, by the use of these tanks renderers do not avoid the nuisance with which their establishments are chargeable, for in blowing o steam and opening the tanks after rend'eringthe` stench is terrible, especially if the fat be a litt-le sour before chargingv the tank, which frequently happens.

In ,the practice of said GRAY, however, he applied pipes to the tops of these tanks to Lprovide for the escape of the noxious vapors and gases to a deodoriZing-chamber, or to the furnace for consumption, superheating the vapors and gases in the pipes before introducing them in the furnace. This practice has been attended with very good results.

The objections urged against tight steamtanks-are also applicable to open steam-tanks 5 but in the latter case the yield is not quite so large, nor is the fat quite so soft nor so liable to spoil. The temperature being lower, there is y not so much gluten abstracted from the animal tissue.

Renderingtanks have also been made and used with a steam-jacket-that is, with a narrow chamber made around the outside of the tank to receive steam from a boiler provided to supply it, thus rendering by a dry surface heat in a close vessel; but these apparatuses l are objectionable on account of the tirst cost, which is considerable, as a steam-boiler must always accompany the tanks, which adds very much to the cost of an establishment; besides the expense for fuel in such cases is large,

owing to the. loss of heat, which unavoidably' happens from radiation and condensation, which are incidental to the large surfaces exposed in such cases; and these tanks are also objectionable, because they provide no means of disposing inoifensively ot' the vapor and gases set free in rendering. The waterwhich is found in combination with the rough fat,

amounting to about ten per cent. ot' the weight,

is in these tanks liberated and kept in contact with the fat, so that all the injurious effects resulting from the presence of water may be urged against the use ot' these tanks with nearly as much force as in the case of close or open steam-tanks. lo obtain iirs't-rate results in tanks of this kind, the vapor and gases should be conveyed away as fast as generated, or nearly so.

The object of the invention making the subject-matter of this application is to avoid the objections and supply the deficiencies above 'pointed out.

The apparatus is shown in the drawings. It consists of a tight tank, A, tted with a water and steam jacket, B, well braced to the tank, to insure against explosion.

The tank is provided with a pipe, C, for drawing oit the rendered fat', and the jacket is provided with a pair of gage-cocks, E E, to ascertain the water-level; and said jacket is also fitted with a safety-valve, F, and a pressure gage H, 'which latter instrument also communicates with the tank by means of a branch pipe, I, by which the pressure in the tank may be ascertained, as well as in the jacket, by closing the cock X and opening the cock in'said branch pipe. Said tank is also provided with a pipe, J, to carry the noxious gases and vapors from the tank, either to the furnaces, through the pipe K and the superheating-pipes c c, (shown in dotted lines, Fig. 2,) around'the furnaces, or through the coil L inthe condenser U, and from thence through the pipe r to the deodorizing-chamber M, out of which the condensed water escapes through the cock orv pipe n.

The connection between the pipe J and the coil-pipe L is made by a branch pipe, O, the whole of the pipes being fitted with suitable cocks to turn the vapor, gases, and water in the required direction, either in the deodorizer through the cock S, or in the condenser, as described, or through thelcondenser rst and then through the deodorizer, as shown.

This apparatus is set Y in brick work, as shown in the drawings, directly over a furnace, D, from whence the draft-fines are carried to the chimney Q, up around the tank as high as may be thought necessary to abstract the heat from the furnace.

The furnace-front is shown by R, the gratebars by P, and the gas-delivering and superheating pipes in dotted lines by c inthe lower one of which is perforated to jet the gas into the iire.

In operating the apparatus the tank is charged with rough fat, and the jacket lled with water to just above the flues. The manhole Gis closed, and the safety-valve set to blow o a pressure of about sixty pounds per square inch. Fire is then started in the t'urnaces, and the rendering commences.

The temperature can be ascertained and regulated either by the blowing off of the safetyvalve or by the direct application ot' a thermometer to the jacket. rlhe rough fat is rapidly and evenly rendered, the legitimate yield is as large as by any other process, and the rendered fat is ofthe best quality.

The noxious gases are driven oft' throug'? the pipe J, either in the condenser or deodorc izer, or both, or through the superheatingpipes in the furnace, by the pressure of steam generated in the tank from the Water held in combination with the fat, and which is set free and evaporated during the process of rendering. This pressure thus generated in the tank from the constitutional water of the fat also serves to force the rendered fat out of the tank and deliver it in any part of the establishment.

It will be seen that this tank supplies the vrequirements of a first-rate rendering apparatus. It answers all the conditio1is-viz.,a close tank, a dry heat, a ready means of regulatingl the temperatureha means of driving oft', controlling, disinfecting, deodorizing, superheating, consuming, or condensing the gases and vapors as they escapev from the tank, and a direct application of the steam and water jacket to the fire, thus avoiding any material loss of heat by condensation or radiation; and so far as controlling, superheating, consum- Ving, deodorizing, or condensing the escaping noxious gases or vapors are concerned, these improvements are just as applicable to any other rendering apparatus as to this one, where `the tank or kettle is made tight enough to compel the gases or vapor to escape through a given pipe or aperture, and we therefore intend to claim the application of the superheater, deodorizer, or condenser to any such apparatus as a part of the invention of said GRAY, aswell as when applied to the particular apparatus above described.

The apparatus we have here described is more especially intended for rendering lard and tallow, but it isequally well adapted for other purposes. We do not intend, therefore, to conne ourselves to the use of the apparatus for this particular purpose, as it is just as applicable for other uses. It is, for example, an excellent apparatus `for cooking and refining food for preservation. We therefore wish it distinctly understood that the use of our apparatus for any purpose for which it is especially applicable without any substantial change in principle or construction will fall within the scope of our invention and claim.

Having now descrbed'the object, nature, and extent of this invention, and the manner of making and using our apparatus, we claim as the invention of said GRAY and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. Making a close water-jacket in combina tion with the tank and a part of it, and arranging said Water-jacket so made a part of said tank in direct communication with the furnace, so that the Water-jacket shall intervene between the fire and the tank and act as a means of conducting and distributing the heat from the tire to and around the substance contained in the tank.

2. Using the steam generatedin a close tank from the constitutional Water in the fat for the purpose of aiding and controlling the escape ot' the noxious gases and vapors, either to a superheater for consumption in the furnace, or t0 a deodorizer for the purpose of deodorizing them, in the manner substantially as described, for thepurpose specified.

3. Controlling and superheatin g the noxious gases and vapors as they escape from a rendering apparatus by passing them through a pipe or Hue leading from said appara-tus to a superheater preparatory to their consumption.

4. Controlling the escape of the noxious gases and vapors from a rendering apparatus by passing them through a pipe or ue into a surface-condenser, for the purpose of condens ing the vapor and absorbing in the Water of condensation the noxious gases, or as much of them as may be possible, substantially as shown and described.

5. Deodorizing the Water of condensation holding said noxious gases in solution by passing it through a dcodorizer after it leaves the condenser, substantially as described.

RADCLIFFE B. LOGKVOOD. CEAS. J. EVERETT.. Witnesses:

Amos BROADNAX, EDWARD P. FLINT.

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