USRE12266E - Railroad-tie - Google Patents

Description

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f REIssUED AUG. so, 1904.

F. H. ALFRED a P.:GHI KPMAN.

RAILROAD TIB. Anprorrrox Hmm un. 1s. 11m1- sl sums-annu.

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RAILROAD TIE. PlLmA'rIox FILED 23.15. 1904.

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UNITED STATEs Reissued August 30, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

RAILROAD-Tm.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Reissued Letters Patent No. 12,266,

dated Augiist 30, 1904.

Original 110,722,200, dated Marchzl, 1903. Applicationi'or reissue filed February 15| 1904. Serial No. 193,742.

Tol (LZ-Z whom, t may concern.:

Be it known that we.' FRANK HOOKER AL- FR El) and YAUL CH IPMAN, citizens of the United States,` residing at Detroit, county of Wayne,

State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful 'Improvement in Railroad-Ties; and we declare the following to be a full, clear, andA exact description of the invention', such as will enable others skilled in the art towhieh it pertains to makejand use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, whieh`form a part of this specitication.

The object of the inventionis to provide a new and improved railroad-tie which is simple and durable in construction, cheap to manufacture, designed as a substitute for the wooden and.all-metallic ties. now innse, and arranged to combine concrete with metal to produce a tie in such a mannerth'at the tensile strains on the tie are mostly borne by .the metal, while the compressive strains are taken up by the concrete .to secure the greatest strength.

The invention consists of novel features and parts and combination of the same, as will be more fully hereinafter described and then pointed out in the claims.

A practical embodiment of the invention -is represented in the accompanying drawings,

forming a part of this speciiication, in which similar characters of reference .indicate corresponding parts-1n all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the tie',-show ing the rails in place. Fig. 2 is a plan view oi' the same. Fig. 3 is atransver'se section of the same on line 3 3 ot' Fig. 1. Fig. f1 is an Lenlarged cross-section of the same on the line 440i Fig. 5. Fig'. 5 is a sectional side elevation of the same onthe line 5 5 of Fig. 4L. Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the fastening-plate and bolt for fastening the rail in place on the tie. Fig. 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of the tie. Fig. S is a cross-section of the sameon the line 8 8 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a similar view of the same on the line 9 of Fig. '7. Fig. 1.0 is a sectional side elevation of the improvement, partly in elevation, and showing a moditied form of the fastening device for holdingthe rail inplace on the tie. Fig`V 11 isa side elevation ot' the middle4 portionof a tie ofV modiiied form. Fig. 12 isa transverse section of the same on the line 12 12 of, Fig. 11. ^Fig. 13 is a side elevation, partly in section, of another modified form of the improvement; and Fig. 111 is a sectional side elevation of anothermodilied form of the improvement.Y

4 The railroad-tie consists, essentially, of a body A, made ot' concrete, and a metallic reinforce, preferably in the shape of one or more bars B B', embedded lengthwise in the concrete body A, and, as plainly illustrated in 'the drawings, the principal `reinforce members following the lines of maximum tension. The concrete body A consists of a base A' and a web A, preferably arched at the middle top portion, as plainly indicated in Fig. 1, and the bottom of the base A' is formed with recesses A3 vfor receiving part oi' the lballast ot' the road-bed, so as to prevent shifting of the tie on the bed.` The web A2 isprovided with tapering sides, vas plainly indicated in Fig. 3,

and with bearing portions A4 near the ends ot' the body, the said bearing portions being flush on the sides with the 'sides of the base, (see Fig. l1,) and over thegbearing portions extend the rails C, between ,the bases ot' which and the bearing portions Ai are interposed cushions in the form of wooden blocksri) and tiepates D', made of metal, each of the said cushions being set in a recess A, formed in the top of the bearing portion Ai.

In order to fasten the` rails in position on the cushionsto hold the iatter against move- Y ment on the bearing portions A4, we provide fastening-piates E, resting on top ot thetie- 'plates D and extending over the top portions of the bases of the rails C, each fastening' plate E being engaged by the head of a-bolt F, extending downward through the fasten-f ing-plate E, the tie-plate D', the wooden block D, and-through astirrup G,

embedded in the concrete material forming the bearing portion Af, as will be readily understood by reterence to Figs. 4 and 5, access being bad to the stirrup for placing the nut ofthe bolt in position by a suitable opening .1, formed in the concrete material'and extending to one side of l the bearing portion. Y (See Fig. 4.)

The head' of each bolt F extends with its side of the square head of thebolt F, so as to.

prevent the latter from turning after the locking-plate H isintroduced in one of the corners of the recess E. (See Fig. 6.) vlt is understood that the nut in the opening Ao and engaging the stirrup G is prevented from turning by fitting against the sides of the stirrup, so that. when the bolt F is firmly screwed into place and the locking-plate H is inserted, as described, then the bolt cannot jar loose, and consequently the several parts'--that is, the fastening-plate. E and the cushion D---are securely held in place to hold the rails C in position on the cushions and the latter in position on the bearing portions A4.

Itis understood that by the peculiar arrangement of the recess E, the head of the bolt F, and the locking-plate H the bolt can be secu rely locked in the position it is in when screwed up, as the locking-plate H can be inserted into that corner of the recess E having a side of the bolt-head in corresponding position to the corner.

As indicated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, We employ two ,long-bars B and a short bar B as the metallic reinforce for the concrete body A. The long bars B are arched at the middle, spaced apart, and have substantially straight end portions that project laterally in proximity to the `body-base and in substantially a common plane under and beyond the bearing portions A4. By so forming the reinforce and embedding it in the concrete as described and illustrated each reinforce will follow from end to end of the tie-body the lines of maximum tension, so that the tensile strains to which the tie is subjected are mostly taken up by the metal reinforce,while the compression strains are borne by the concrete body A. It will be obvious that While the reinforce is shown as following exactly? the line of maximum tension-the position may vary within certain limits and the function of the reinforce be substantially carried out. It is necessary, however, that thevportions of the reinforce immediately beneath the rails or bearing portions of the concrete body shall in every instance be arranged below the neutral axis of the tie, while the arched portion intermediate of the rails shall project above the axis, as indicated. W e do not, moreover,

llimit ourselves to the particular type of the metallic reinforce, as a single bar B2 may, for ,i'nstance, be employed, as shownln Figs. 7,y

8, and 9, and'ff-jmade in the shape of a fiat bar arched at the middle portion and then given a quarter-twist, so that the end portions of the ilatbar extend vertically through the bearing portions .Aand into the ends of the the tie-plate D' vWooden plugs J, enlarged at their lower or body, as plainly indicated in Fig. 7, the bar following, however, similar to the bars B, the line 'of maximum tension through the tic.

The base A of the concrete body Amay be varied and provided, for instance, with a downwardly-extended.portion A7 at or. near the middle thereof, as plainly indicated in Figs. 11 and 12, to increase the bearing-surface under the middle of the tie t'o prevent what is known as center-binding"7 of the track. The portion A7 engages the ballast of the road-bed'to prevent shifting ot' the tie inA any direction.

The fastening device for holding a rail C to a cushion may also be varied. For instance, as shown in Fig. 10, ordinary rail-spikes l are employed, engaging with their heads the railbase and being driven through apertures in and Wooden block l) down into base ends and embedded in the concrete material of which the bearing portion A4 is formed. Thus when a cushion is in position on a bearing portion A and a rail is placed on the sai'd cushion then the rail can be spiked down onto the cushion Aby driving the spikes I through the plate D and block l) into the plugs J.

The Wooden plugJ being largest at the bottom prevents pulling out ot' the plug from the concrete material. When it becomes necessary to remove a plug J and replace it by a new one,. then a cylindrical plug J of wood is employedaand split at one end to receivea wooden Wedge Ji. (See Fig. 14.) This plug J and its Wedge are set in the recess formed IOO by the old removed plug to iill the recess on driving the plug home. (See Fig. 14.) The wedge may be dipped in an adhesive substance, such as glue, previous to inserting it in the plug. i

`In the modified form shown in Fig. 13 a holding metallic plate K is employed, located under the wooden cushion-block 1) and having an extension K extending downwardly and outwardlyand embedded inthe concrete material to hold the plate K in position. The heads of the bolts F abut against the under side of the plate K and extend in recesses formed inthe top surface of the concrete tiebody, as shown in Fig. 13.

It is understood that the concrete body of l the tie is molded in a suitable mold, with the metallic reinforce. held in position therein, so

as to be lengthwise embedded in the concrete body A.

The term concrete isl understood to mean a mixture consisting of an aggregate of stone, gravel, sand, or other hard materlal embedded in a matrix, the cementing element of which is cement, lime, or other cohesive substance. Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A railroadtie, comprising a concrete b ody and a metallic reinforce' embedded lengthwise within the body and following substantiallyfrom end to end of the'latter the line of maximum tensio'n due to the load.

2. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body reinforced by one or more metallic` bars embedded lengthwise within the body and foll lengthwise Within the body, the portions ofy body having bearing portions near the ends,

lowing substantially from end to end of the latter` the line of maximum tension due to the load. l 1

3. A-railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body and a metallic reinforce embedded said reinforce immediately beneath the rails lying below the neutral axis of the body, and the section intermediate said rails being arched and extending above the axis.

`4. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise in the concrete body, and cushions interposed between the rails and the said bearing portions, tlie said cushions comprising ametallie tie-plate and a wooden block superimposed one on the other and free from said reinforce, as set forth.

5. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body having bearing portions near the ends,

a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise in l the concrete body, cushions interposed between the rails and the said bearing portions and spaced from said reinforce, the said cushions comprising a Vmetallic tie-plate and a wooden block superimposed one on the other,- and a rail-fastening means for holding the rail. in position on the corresponding' cushion and the lattery in position on the corresponding bearing portion, as setfortli.

6. A'railroad-tie, comprisinga concrete body having bearing portions near the ends,-

a metallic reinforce embedded. lengthwise in the concrete, an attaching device embedded in f the concrete body at the bearing portion, a

' cushion held oii the bearing portion for supporting the rail, the said cushion being located above the embedded attaching device, and a fastening device for holding the rail to the said cushim, the fastening device extending 'through the cushion and engaging the said embedded attaching device, as set forth.

7. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body having bearing portions near the ends,

a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise in the concrete, an attaching device embedded in the concrete bodyV at the bearing portion, a cushion held on the bearing portion for supporting the rail, and a fastening device for` holding the rail to the said cushion, the fastening device engaging the said embedded attaching device, the latter being' in the form of a lstirrup, to which Vlead openings formed transversely in the concrete body, as set forth.

8. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body having a base, tapering sides, bearing portions near the ends for the rails, and longitudinally-extending recesses formed in the under side of the said base, as set forth.

9. A railroad-tie, comprising a `concrete tudinally-extending recesses formed in the under side of the said base, and a downwardlyextending integral portion atthemiddle of the base, as set forth. n

10.. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete ybody having bearing portions for the rails, a metallic reinforce for the same embedded lengthwise in the concrete body, an attaching body having a base, tapering sides, bearing Vportions near the ends for the rails, longidevice embedded'in the concrete body at the bearing portion, avcushion held on the bearing portion for supporting the rail, fasteningplates engaging the bases of the rails, and

fastening devices extending through the fastening-plates and the said cushion and engaging the embedded attaching device, as set forth. A

11. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body having bearing portions near the ends, a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise in the concrete body, an attaching device embedded in the concrete body at the bearing portions,

the said concrete body beingprovided with openings leading to the said embedded attaching device, a cushion held on the bearing portion for supporting the rail and comprising a metallic tie-plate and a wooden block superimposed one above the other, the said cushion being located above the embedded attaching I device, and afastening device for holding the rail to the cushion, the said fastening device extending through-the parts of the cushion and engaging theembedded attachingdevice, as set forth. y l Y l2. A railroad-tie, `comprising a concrete body reinforced by a metallic bai having an arched central portion and straight ends, said bar being embedded lengthwise within the body with the center' projecting upwardly from and its ends lying substantially in parallelism with and in proximity to the bodybase.-

13'. A railroad-tie comprising a concrete body having bearing-plates near its respective ends,and a metallic reinforce enihedded lengthwise within the body and fol-lowing substantially from end to end of the latter the line of maximum tension dueto the load, the reinforcing member being spaced. from said bearingplates.

14. A' railroadtie comprising a concrete body having bearingplates near its respective ends, and ametallic reinforce embedded lengthwisewitliin the body, the portions of said reinforce immediately beneath the rails being spaced from said bearing-plates and lyingbelow the neutral axis ofthe body and the section intermediate said rails being arched and extending above said axis.

.IOO

15. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body, and a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise within the body, the portions of said reinforce immediately beneath the rails A and therebeyond lying below the neutral, axis .of the body, and the section intermediate said 16. A railroad-tie comprising a concrete body having bearing portions near its ends, a horizontally-extended fiat metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise in the concrete body, and cushions interposed between the rails and rails being arched and extending above the said bearing portions, the said cushions comprising a. metallic tie-plate and a wooden block superimposed one on the other, and said rein' force being spaced at its respective ends beneath said tie-plates. v

17. A railroad-tie, comprising a concrete body, and a metallic reinforce embedded lengthwise within the body, and following substantially v'fromend to end of the latter the the neutral axis of the body.

18. A railroad-tie, comprising a 'concrete body reinforeerLby one or more metallic bars embedded lengthwise within the bodyand follatter the line of maximum tension due to the 20 line of maximum tension due to the load, the Arespective ends of said reinforce lying below Vlowing substantially from end to end of the load, the respective ends of the bars lying bef low the neutral axis of the-body.

1n testimony whereot we 'sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

- FRANK H. ALFRED.

PAUL UlllPMAN. Witnesses:'

JAMES P BARRL H f. SMITH.

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