US960160A - Combustion-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

s. 2. DE FBRRANTI. COMBUSTION TURBINE.v

- APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20, 1906.

960,160. ratentedma sljl lo.

was 2 Ram UNITED "STATES.

PATENT OFFICE;

GOMBUSTION-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented lll ay 31, 1910.

Application filed September 20, 1908. Serial No. 335,431.

To all whom it may concern:

Be] it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI on FERRANTI, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at 31 Lyndhurst road, Hampstead, London N. W., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combustion-Turbines, of which the following is a specification. a

' This invention relates to turbines using an elastic fluid heated by combustion as the working medium.

The objects of the present invention are to improve the efliciency of such turbines to enable lower speedsto be efliciently run, and to facilitate reversing of the direction of rotationQ Referrin to the accompanying drawin Figure 1 s ows a diagrammatic view of a turbine plant arranged according to myinvention. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show an arrange:

ment of turbine wheels in which the compressor wheel rotates in the same direction although the direction of the motor wheels is reversed.

I wish it to be understood that the drawings are of a diagrammatic nature throughout and are not to be taken as working drawworking fluid in its passage through its;

ings; also in the drawings where desirable similar parts are denoted by the same reference' symbols.

In carrying my invention into effect ac-' cording to one modification I utilize the velocity of the working fluid so as to enable the motive part or positive work part of the apparatus to be run at the lowest convenient s eed. This I accomplish in the simplestorm by means of a turbine, 11, Fig. 1 having two oppositely running wheels, I), and 0. The wheel, I), receives and turns back the v blades and constitutes the positive work or motor wheel of the apparatus. The wheel, 6, is normally run at such a speed as to take out about half of the energy of the jets.

The fluid rejected by this wheel at high V87" vloclty then passes through the 7 wheel, 0,

which is the negative work or compressor I driving part of the apparatus. The wheel,

0, runsm the opposite direction at nearly three times the speed ofthe wheel, 6, and absorbs the balance of the useful energy, be

ing coupled directlyto a'rotary air'com pressor, d, preferably of the turbine compressor type with intercoolers or to any other suitable form. The compressor, d,

compressed air by the pipes, f, into which chambers a supply of fuel is also introduced under pressure from any. convenient source and after the mixture has been ignited the hot products of combustion are expanded down to atmospheric pressure in the nozzles, 9, thereby converting the pressure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy and operating on the blades of the turbine wheels. f

The principle involved in the above apsupplies the combustion chambers, c, with paratus is that of taking out the energy of the working fluid in series by passing it first through a wheel or wheels doing positive work at a low speed, and secondly throu h a wheel or system of wheels furnishing 't e negative work of the system, the desired speed ratio between the positive and negative systems being secured by suitable design.

This apparatus lends itself from a practical point of View to'the eflicient generation of power, as almost all purposes require fairly low speeds of the motive part,

whereas the rotary compressor is most efliciently run at a high speed such as that given by the negative work wheels of the apparatus. l

It is clear that there are many ways in which my invention can be carried into effect without departing from the essential principles which I have laid down.

In carrying a further part" of my invention into efiect according to one modification Iprovide a turbine which not onlyruns at a low speed on its motor or positive work part but alsois capable of easy reversing. I prefer to do this in its simplest form by means of two running wheels of blades. In each case the blades may be double-the radial length that would be'required for a non-re purpose of running forward I use the forward running system of nozzles Z, Fig. 3,

pro ectm the working fluid through say the blades, h, in the wheel, I). The fluld issuing from-the wheel, I), is'guided across to the negative work wheel, a, by means of blades,

F I s m, set at an angle in a known manner but which do not alter its direction, simply taking it across a space which is required to be maintained as will be presently shown.

From the guide blades, m, the working fluid impinges upon the outer blades, a, of the negative work wheel, 0, and runs it in the is desired to reverse the set of nozzles 0,

Fig. 4 arranged for the opposite direction of rotation are used, discharging the working fluid through the inner b ades, k, on the motor wheel, I). As it is essential that the compressor wheel shall always run in the same direction I cause the working fluid issuing from the wheel I), to be redirected into its" original direction by means of re-' versing guide blades, 7), by which it is projected on to the inner blades, g, of the wheel, a. The blades of the wheel 0, although of double the length necessary for a non-reversing turbine are all set in the same direction and always receive the working fluid operating thereon in the same direction irrespective of the direction in which the wheel,

Z), is run. This therefore constitutes the essential principle of this part of my invention and consists in the fractional abstraction of the energy of the jets by means of motor wheels which may be run in either direction and of the compressor driving wheels which always run in the same direction.

Such apparatus as I have described for the series abstraction of the velocity of the jets will only give the correct relative speeds at full loads and in some cases it may be necessary toaugment the driving power of the compressor plant at speeds other than full load. In these circumstances I provide an auxiliary turbine, 1', Fig. 1, on the compressor portion of the plant the wheel of which turbine is run at sufiiciently high surface speed to efliciently utilize the greater portion of the energy contained in the jets of working fluid issuing from the nozzles of the combustion chambers, 8. These jets-furnish the necessary power to the compressor -or negative work part of the system when power is reduced on the positive work wheels.

A suitable governing system should be provided; the location of a pair of centrifugal governors, t and o, driven one from each shaft of the plant is indicated in Fig. l. The particular systemof governing adopted forms no part of the present invention and is therefore not further illustrated here.

claims appended hereto I have used the term positive work element to denote the turbine member or members which supply the power for performing the external work of the cycle e. g. for driving the dynamo, screw etc. while the term negative work element is used to denote the turbine member or members which supply the power for performing the internal work of the cycle 6. g. compressing air, gas or other medium forming the working fluid. I

\ Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is 1. In combination, a casing, a low speed positive work turbine wheel in said casing; a high speed negative work turbine wheel in said casing; a machine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected to said negative work wheel; a combustion chamber for supplying working fluid to said turbine wheels, together with, means .for leading compressed fluld to said combus tion chamber.

2. In combination a casing; a low speed positive work turbine wheel in said casing; a high speed negative work turbine wheel in said casing; a machine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected to said negative work wheel; a' combustion chamber for supplying working fluid to said turbine wheels; means for leading compressed fluid to said combustion chamber together'with separate motor means independent of the fluid transferred from said work wheels for augmenting the power developed by said negative work wheel.

3. In combination a casin a low speed positive work turbine wheel in said casmg; a high speed negative work turbine wheel 1n said casing; a machine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected to said negative work wheel; .a combustion chamber for supplying working fluid to said turbine wheels; means for leading com-v pressed fluid to said combustion chamber together with motor means for assisting said negative work wheel.

4. In combination, a casing; a low speed I positive work turbine wheel in said caslng;

a high speed negative workturbine wheel v in sald casing; a machine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected to said negative work wheel; a combustion chamber for supplying working fluid to said turbine wheels; 'means for eading compressed fluid to said combustion chamber to-.

gether with means for reversing thadirection of said positive work wheel WhIIB lEhB direction of the rotation of the negative work wheel ,remains constant.

5. In combination, a'casing positive work turbine wheel in said casing a-high speed negative work turbine'wheelin said casing; a machine connected to said a low speed positive work wheel, a compressor connected said wheels; a machine actuated by certain to said negative work wheel; a combustion other of said wheels together with an addichamber for supplying working fluid to said tional motor for actuating said compressor turbine wheels; means for leading comat starting.

5 pressed fluid to said combustion chamber In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature 15 together with means for governing the speed in presence of two witnesses.

of said work wheels. SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI.

6. In comblnation a-turbme casing, lnde- Witnesses: pendently rotatlng turbine wheels 1n said CHAs. N. DANIELS,

10 casing a compressor actuated by certain of LUTHER J. PARK.

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