US957898A - Governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines. - Google Patents

Description

i 1f' mi PUE MHG PLED TUEBIHS.

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957,898. Patented my 17, 19m.

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P.. ULIVIER.

' px@ momma ma nms'rlo FLUID Mmmm.

n mm. .MW mm inw o M LW.

4. l/./ m W0 V/ M s HU APPLIGATIOB FILED JUIBTI, 1907.

Witnesses:

UNITED STATES OFFICE.

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man u umn keine Patented Blzay 17, 19MB.

Application al Inni l1, 1.07. Nrlal lo. 1.111.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I PAUL Ouviui a citizen of the French lliepublic, residing at Paris, France have invented certain new and useful Improvenients in Governin Mechanisms for Elastic-Fluid Turbines, o which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to overnin mechanisms for elastic'tluid tur ines an has for its object to improve their construction and operation.

For n consideration of what I believe to be novel and. my invention, attention ia called to the accompanying description and claims appended thereto.

ln the accompanying drawings which illustrate one 'of the embodiments of my invention Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a turbo-generator fitted with my improved verning mechanism; 2 is an enla aectiona view of a portion of the turbine; Fig. 3 ia a cross section through the valve chest' Fig. 4 is a 'tudinal aection of the valve chest and motor for operating the controlling valve; Fig. 5 is a p an view of the same with a portion of the valvecasin broken awa and Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical ion through the s vernor and pilot valve.

` hase 2, the latter having emit 1. in 'catea the turbine which is u n a con- ' nected to a condenser orother exhaust. Situatedeon top of the turbine is a stool 4 supporting the electric generator 5. The generator ia provided 'with a cover 6 having a dome 7 tliat inclosaa' the speed vernor. The rotating elements ofthe turiine und nerator are mounted on a\ vertical shaft 8, t e latter being rovidedhvith n suitable step beurin not iown an'd guida bearings 9. Moon on the turbine ia u valve chest 10. Steam is admitted to the valve cheat by the conduit ll, and between the conduit and the vulve chest isa shut-off vulve l2 which can be operated liv the hand wheel 13 .or under emerncy condition hy the weight 142 the latter ing under the control of un emer cy fipeed governor.

Re errin to Fig. 2, l indiciitex the raising of the tu ino which is divided into coinpartmenta4 by the dinphrngmx-s l5 that reet upon internal shoulders formed on the ciu-iing. 'The tor of the machine is rovidi-d wath a head 16 which supports t c vulve chest 10 and also the packing 17 around the 'ports 26 that register with mainshaft 8. Mounted on the shaft and located in the compartments or 'tafel are wheels 1.8, each having two rowl of uoketa 19 and intermediate bucketa 20 between the rows of wheel buckets, the latter receivsteam. from one row of buckets and discharginit against the next at the proper angle. team is admitted to the tirst'stage b a nozzle 21 that is bolted to the valve est 10, and comptines a lurality of discharge orifices or passages lgcated in a com' mon plane concentric with the wheel axis. Between one stage and t next are stage noules 22 for convertinthe pressure of the steam into velocity and discharging it against the wheel buckets.

Referring to Fig. 4, 10 indicates the valve chest having a series of passa 23 coininunicating with the sections o the admission nozzle 21. The upper pei-t of the valve cheat is bored out to form a cylinder 9L In this is located a sleeve 25 having a aerien of tlul pamagea 23 in the lower portion of the chest. By providing a sleeve as shown theports can be accurately and readily formed., and the same can be removed in case of trouble. The right hand end of the sleeve 25 ii-i provide.; with a flange 27 which tliingu is located between thc main body of the valve chest and a detachable head 28. In this an adjustable pecking 20 to prevent the e: cape of steam or other elastic fluid around the piston rod 80. The rod 8O is connected to a. balanced piston valve 3l having an o icning therethrough which valve controls the passage of iluii vom the inlet conduit 11 to the plumage; 23. lioruicd on the head 28 is a bracket 82 that carries the iivot 83 of the bell-crunk lever 84. This over ia connected t0 the right hand end of the ia ton rod by nieuns of'ii fork 35 in whi supported u. trnnuion block 36. The block is perforated to receive the cylindrical end of thc lever 34. As the piston rod moves to und o. the ond of the-lever will Slide to und ro in the lrunnion block. This lever forms ii pui't of n followup device to prevent ovei'ti'nvol of the iuotor and the controllinv vulves. "o the left hand end of the vu v'o cheat is bolted a c linder 37 contiininga linin 38. Mount for movement in thc cylinder is ii pinion 30 which is rigidly connected to the iiston rod that uctuiit the piston valve. W 1ere the rod passes through ,head is locatod,

ice

the head of the c vliuder and where it enters the valu chest. pachings ltl are provided to pi-eient the escape of llliid. Fluid, `such as water or oil I'or operating the pistou 222|, is admitted to the c v liiider h v the poi-ts ll and -l'.. which are connected to the pilot valve. When llnid is adinittel through the iort Il nml is permitted to escape through t ie port 4L. the piston 32 and its connected valve are caused to iiio\e to the right, und when lluid is admitted to the port l2 and permitted to escape through tliv port ll. the piston and its connected valve are caused lo iiio\e to the left. thereby decreasing the number of ports` .243 through which steam or other elastic tluid passes to the admission nozzles 2|.

lii Fig. l is shown in cross section the valve chest. .Inside of the valve chest is the .-leeve having segmental ports ti com uiuiiicating willi the passages '.23 leading to the admission nozzles 2t. lt will he observed tlnit one-holt' of the passages '.Jl extend fi'oni the let'tl hand side of the center ot' the chest. to the nozzles, while the remainder, as show n iii dotted linesextend l'roni the right. hand side. The discharge ends ot' the passages from opposite sides ol' the chesty alternate. and the ports' 'Ii are so formed that lirst a juissage on one side of the chest is supplied with lll'id and then one on'tlie opposite side. These passages terminate in the saine plane. which lane is concentric with the wheel axis. `hia ineans that one nozzle section will receive tluid from a passage on the right of the controlling valve. the next will receive tluid from a passage ou the opposite side, and so on. liy reason of this arraueeineiit of parts l um able to malte a valve chest. of minimum size for a given amount of motive lluid. 'lliis arrangement. also permits ot walls ol' suitable thickness between the different passages.

In order to have the controlling device for the lliiid actuated motor as near to the speed governor as lxmsiblo, und therebyI avoid in .so far as possible. troubles incident to lost motion in the moving parts, laek of alineiiient, ete., l mount. the easing 45 for the ilot valve 46 on tho side of the donie 'i'. l'liis easing isprovided with nn admission port -l'i', a port 48 connected to the port l2 y a pipe -ll (Fig. 4) ot' the motor, also with a port. 4t) connected by`a iipe t3 to the port 41 of tlio motor (Fig. il. In addition to this is an exhaust port. lit) eouiinunieating with the opposite ends of tl'ie pilot vaiveand discharging through the iipe :'il (Fig. l) to a suitable receptacle. wing to the fact that tho valve 46 is of the piston type with the high pressure admitted to a point betwecirthe piston heads while. the opposite sides nre exposed to the saine low pressure, the vulve is balanced and has no tendency of itself to move. in either. direction. 'lhe valve heads and the ports 48 and 4t) are arranged to have little or no overlap so that. :in v movement of the. valve will cause the lluid under pressure to lie admitted to one. side of the inotor piston Bti or the other and thus aetuate the main controlling valve itl. Mounted oii top of the )ilot valve casing is a head fr.) having gui es formed on the upper end to direct the movements of the sliding block oil, the latter being connected to the governor actuated lever 5t. Mounted on a bracket .'Ii t'ornied integral with the pilot valve casing is a sector 5t) which is pivoted at 5T. 'l`lie sectoiis provided with a slot ih having corrugated walls'. This .-.lot is non-conventric with respect to the axis' ol' the sector, the distant-.c from `said axis gradually ii.crva.-iinr from the left to the right hand `side. 'l`hc sector formsl a part of the follow-np device to prevent overttt) travel ol' the controlling valve ainl is coiiiivctvtl li the rod .'5 with the bell-crank lever do, Fig. b. 't`he lever titi is' connected li'v a rod til, lever 6:3, and rod (33 with the la-ll-cronh lever Zl-l (Fig. 4). lt is' to be noted that the lever .'it is supported 'solely hv the governor and the sector, and that under certain conditions the fnlernm is at the sector und under otlivr conditions at the governor. (lwiiig to this connection it, follows that as the motor piston 3%) and its'. uninet-.ted valve moves in one direction or the other from a given position, motion in one direction or the other will be imparted io the sector ott, and in so doinv the. end ot' the governor lever will be raiseda or lowered.

liefert-in r again to Fig. t5. a spindle 64 is threadeti'to the upper end of the main shaft 8 and pinned thereto is' n piece ti having a forked end which embraces a frame tit'i. the latter being adapted to slide np a d down on the s iindle t'i-t. Mounted in ots in the arms oi iai-t t'if are four compiined weights and rollers Gi'. 'l`liese rt ers are acted upon b v centrifugal force and as they ai'e forced outward away from the axis of rotation. due to an inerease in speed, the frame titi is caused to move upward b v reason of the upper rollers pressiinr on 'the inclined surfaces 68. 'lhe incline( surfaces titi at the lower end of the frame being slanted in the saine direction permit. this action to take pliice. (hi the other hand as the speed decreases the rollers move toward the axis, the inclined surfaces US and titl causing the fi'aiiie to move downward. Mounted on the upper end of the fi'aiiie is a eollar Tt) to 'which is connected b v :i suitable joint the left lialid end of tliegovern0r lever i-l. '.lo this collar is also connected the right liaiid end of the liell-cranlt' level Fl. ing the spindle tit and seated on a not TL al one einl and on the collar at the other is a compression spring T3. which S ring :iets in opposition to 'the centrifugal orce merit-il by the weights. 'llie upper end of thi spin- Surround-i ltltx llO die 64 passes through- 'a hearing formed in the ca 74 of the dome. Mounted on a brackef'l on the left hand side of the dome are rollers 76 which guide the yoke 77 in its This yoke is provided containin a roller 78 the upper en of the belll lower end of the 'oke is vided with a spindle whici is @im at the bottoni by a suitable bracket attached to the dome. Siirroiindin this rod is an auxiliary compression spru 80 which noruiall tends to pull the rod und its attached yoe downward, thereby coperatng with the niain sprin 73. Surrounding the spring 80 is a suitable casing to roteet the saine from injury. n

o tion of my iniproved mechanism is as ollvlils: Assumingt at the main con trolling valve 8l is in a mid ition and there is an increase in spoed t ue to a decrease in load, the weights 67 will move outwardly and in so' doing the frame 66 inst the stress of the spring 73. Under t conditions, thil collar 8l, carried b the right hand end of the governor lever and seated inone of the notches in the segment 56, acts as a pivot and the ilot valve 51 ie a certain amount. is rmits tiuid tenure to from tie admission port t'lFig. 6, to t port 48 and thenceto port 42 in the cylinder of the motor (Fig. and dart the piston into o ration in a direction to decrease the port area o f the turbine. Just as soon as the motor iston starts into operation, the follow-up evice commences to operate. Under the conflitions specied the rods 63, 61 and 59 are in tension and will pull the tain distance to the right. load cha to he small, the segment will lie pulled emanen corresponding to one notch, and the loller .812. .ill dro into the notch now situated at the lett. will permit the outer end of the lever todi-op .a certain amount and in so doi will restore the pilot valve M to its initia poaition, thereby shutting otI the admilion of duid to the motor cylinder andl liquid.

st the sama time atoping the ela'ur'it therefrom ao that. pis on will be l vbetween two bodiasof Aaaiiming the saine ccnditlen of alfaini, ns the frame 66 ia moved upwrd b the' venti-itu l acting weights, the bel crank lever l force tue yoke 77 dovviiw'ard hy a slight amount. Upon un increase in loud, the reverse of tho above operation takes lace. The weiviits moving inward permit the frime 66 to rop u slight amount due to the downward primeiro of the prin 73, iiiid in so doinf the spring li-promos tlie collar 70, the left mnd cnil of governor lever 54 and the pilot vulve viti, thus :admitting liquid to iiie motor cylinder'iit the opposite end causing the. controlling valve to move to the ti.l

is same action causes the upper of the hell-crank lever 7l, Fig. 6, to swing to the right, and in so doing increases the stress on the spring 80. The follow-np l .vice comes into service again but this time it pushes the rods 63, 6l and 59 upward and causes the roller 81 on the governor lever to enter a notch on the right of the one formerly occupied by it, which restons the pilot valve to its initial position.

Under normal conditions some of the rts 23 in the valve chest will be open a one or more closed, and under certain load conditions," the flow through one of the ports will be throttled to a greater or les extent.

In accordance with the provisions of the p ntent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of ni'y invention, her with the apparatus which l now co er to represent the best embdliment thereof; but

desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and hat the invention con be carried out by other means.

'lint I claim im new und desire to secure by Lettcni liitent of the United States, is,-

In a governingA inediaiiixiii for turbines," the combination of a ported valve chest. u controlling vulve therein which iiioveslover the ports, a niotor for actuating the valve. a speed governor driven by the turbine shaft. a pivoted rector having an eccentric cam slot therein, a lever which is supported by the governor at one end and bv the cani slot at the other. a pilot valve that is attached to the lever and l'n.hold in position tlierebv, a casing for the vilve, and a connection that is attached to the nectar and the motor'pixton no that the movements of the pistoirare transmitted to the sector und through it to the lever and pilot valve.

2. lu a governing meelianiian for tiirbuien, the combination of a valve chais, a controlling valve therein, a tluid actuated motor for'inovii the valve, a speed governor driven by t e turbine shaft n pivoted uoc-tor having-an eccentric cam slot therein aud funniiig'a of a follow-up device, a lever au perm? the governor at one end mi imii' u a ve con ing inotor whlui? at ched to the lever intermediate its ends .is held in position thereby, a lever moved bythe motor piston, and a connection between the last mentioned lever and the-sector for moving the .latter to change the electivection of the cam slot on the governor supported lever.

3. In n govern' mechanism for turbines, the combination ga valve chest, a controlling valve therein, a huid actuated motor for moving the valve, a speed governor driven by, the turbine shaft, a support adjacent the governor, a pilot valve and its in the sector at the ing n pnrt of n follow-np It-vivo. :i Ivrvr' ling uilw nml tho svvtor for moving thtl lutter.

5. ln u pm'rrnmg nwvlmnmn for tnrhincs,

the combination of :l rnlro vhost. u rontrollilly,r vxllvt tln-rrin, n lnhl :n-tnutt'tl lnotor for moving tho vulve. n 5pt-wl gorvrnor lriwn hy the tnrbilw shuft. n pivotwl stx'tor forming,r n pnrt of n follow-np tlvriuv, u lt-w-r supported hy tht` vow-rnor nt omuml nml thv sector ut thv ot ier, a pilot vulve for vontrollingr the motor which is nttzn'hml -to thtlevvr, un :luxilnry spring, n :nt-uns for trnnslnitting its ttl'vct t0 the gortinor xutnntwl laver, u lever inovml hy the controlling;Y vnlw.

nml it connu-tion lwtwucn thc lewis' nml thtl sector for moving the lutter.

ti. In u govvrnmg mechanism, tht romln- .nation of n governor, n controlling vnlw ol` le piston type, n casing in whirh tho pihton ernor. :nml n mmm-tion lwtnct-n thtluvcr uml Suhl ill-vim'.

ln wltnt'ss wht-runt', l hunl hereunto out my lmul thil tilth luy of June, 1007.

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