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US9337498B2 - Fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Fuel cell stack Download PDF

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Publication number
US9337498B2
US9337498B2 US14/098,532 US201314098532A US9337498B2 US 9337498 B2 US9337498 B2 US 9337498B2 US 201314098532 A US201314098532 A US 201314098532A US 9337498 B2 US9337498 B2 US 9337498B2
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Prior art keywords
separator
reactant gas
buffer portion
channel
manifold
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US14/098,532
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US20140162163A1 (en
Inventor
Masaharu Suzuki
Kentaro Ishida
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Assigned to HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ISHIDA, KENTARO, SUZUKI, MASAHARU
Publication of US20140162163A1 publication Critical patent/US20140162163A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a fuel cell stack.
  • a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a unit cell including a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and separators sandwiching the MEA therebetween.
  • the MEA includes an electrolyte membrane made from a polymer ion-exchange membrane, an anode electrode disposed on one side of the electrolyte membrane, and a cathode electrode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte membrane.
  • a predetermined number of unit cells of this type are stacked and used as a vehicle fuel cell stack.
  • a fuel gas channel is formed in a surface of one of the separators so as to supply a fuel gas toward the anode electrode and an oxidant gas channel is formed in a surface of the other separator so as to supply an oxidant gas toward the cathode electrode.
  • a coolant channel is formed between adjacent separators of adjacent fuel cells so that a coolant can flow along surfaces of the separators to a region in which the electrodes are disposed.
  • a fuel cell of this type is usually structured as a so-called internal-manifold-type fuel cell.
  • the internal-manifold-type fuel cell has a fuel gas inlet manifold and a fuel gas outlet manifold, through which a fuel gas flows; an oxidant gas inlet manifold and an oxidant gas outlet manifold, through which an oxidant gas flows; and a coolant inlet manifold and a coolant outlet manifold, through which a coolant flows. All of these manifolds extend in the stacking direction of the unit cells.
  • the fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly and a separator that are stacked, the membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween; a reactant gas channel through which a reactant gas is supplied along a surface of each of the electrodes, and a reactant gas manifold through which the reactant gas flows in the stacking direction.
  • the separator includes an inlet buffer portion and a supply-side of the reactant gas manifold.
  • the inlet buffer portion is located at an inlet side of the reactant gas channel, has a substantially triangular shape, and has a width substantially the same as the width of the reactant gas channel field.
  • the supply-side of the reactant gas manifold is located near one of ridge lines of the inlet buffer portion.
  • the inlet buffer portion has protrusions. The disposition density of the protrusions in a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion is lower than the disposition density of the protrusions in end portions of the inlet buffer portion.
  • the reactant gas easily passes through a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion in the width direction, and the disposition density of the protrusions is low in the middle portion of the inlet buffer portion. Therefore, the flow speed of the reactant gas decreases in the middle portion and the reactant gas can be guided to channel grooves in a middle portion of the reactant gas channel in the width direction.
  • a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked.
  • the plurality of fuel cells each includes a first separator, a second separator and a membrane electrode assembly.
  • the first separator has a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side.
  • the second separator has a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side.
  • the membrane electrode assembly is provided between the first separator and the second separator in a stacking direction and includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte membrane which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • Each of the first separator and the second separator includes, in a portion near the short side of each of the first separator and the second separator, a first reactant gas manifold and a second reactant gas manifold.
  • a first reactant gas is to flow in the stacking direction through the first reactant gas manifold.
  • the first reactant gas includes one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas. Another of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is to flow in the stacking direction through the second reactant gas manifold.
  • the first separator includes a reactant gas channel, a first buffer portion, a second buffer portion and a plurality of connection channels. The first reactant gas is to flow through the reactant gas channel along a surface of the first separator and along the long side of the first separator.
  • the first buffer portion is connected to one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the reactant gas channel and has a triangular shape.
  • the second buffer portion is connected to another of the inlet side and the outlet side of the reactant gas channel and has a triangular shape.
  • the plurality of connection channels connects the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator to the first buffer portion.
  • the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator near a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface.
  • the convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel cell of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fuel cell taken along line II-II in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a cathode separator of the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an anode separator of the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the flow rate of an oxidant gas supplied to an oxidant gas channel of an example according to the present disclosure and a comparative example.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial view illustrating an oxidant gas inlet manifold of the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of a cathode separator of a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a fuel cell stack 10 includes a plurality of fuel cells 11 that are arranged in upright positions (so that electrode surfaces thereof extend in the vertical direction) and that are stacked in the direction of arrow A.
  • the fuel cells 11 each include a membrane electrode assembly 12 , and a cathode separator 14 and an anode separator 16 sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly 12 therebetween.
  • the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 are each a thin metal separator made from, for example, a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, an aluminum plate, a galvanized steel plate, or any of such metal plates having an anti-corrosive coating on the surface thereof.
  • the metal separator is rectangular in plan view and has a corrugated form having an undulating cross-sectional shape. The corrugated form is made by press-forming a metal plate.
  • the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 need not be metal separators and may be, for example, carbon separators.
  • Each of the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 has a horizontally elongated shape and has short sides extending in a vertical direction (direction of arrow C) and long sides extending in a horizontal direction (direction of arrow B) (so as to be stacked in a horizontal direction).
  • An oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a (first reactant gas manifold) and a fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b (second reactant gas manifold) are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through one end portion of the fuel cell 11 in the longitudinal direction (direction of arrow B).
  • An oxidant gas such as an oxygen-containing gas
  • a fuel gas such as a hydrogen-containing gas
  • Each of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular). The opening of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an area larger than that of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b.
  • a fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a (second reactant gas manifold) and an oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b (first reactant gas manifold) are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through the other end portion of the fuel cell 11 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the fuel gas is supplied through the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a .
  • the oxidant gas is discharged through the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b .
  • Each of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular).
  • the opening of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an area larger than that of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a.
  • a pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through one end portions of the fuel cell 11 in the transversal direction (in the direction of arrow C).
  • a coolant is supplied through the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a .
  • a pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend through the other end portions of the fuel cell 11 in the transversal direction. The coolant is discharged through the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
  • Each of the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a has an elongated substantially rectangular opening extending along a coolant channel 38 (in the direction of arrow B).
  • Each of the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b has an elongated substantially rectangular opening extending along the coolant channel 38 (in the direction of arrow B).
  • the membrane electrode assembly 12 includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 , and a cathode electrode 26 and an anode electrode 28 sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 therebetween.
  • the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is made of, for example, a fluoropolymer or a hydrocarbon polymer.
  • Each of the cathode electrode 26 and the anode electrode 28 includes a gas diffusion layer (not shown) and an electrode catalyst layer (not shown).
  • the gas diffusion layer is made of carbon paper or the like.
  • the electrode catalyst layer is formed on a surface of the gas diffusion layer by uniformly coating the surface with porous carbon particles whose surfaces support a platinum alloy.
  • the electrode catalyst layers are formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 .
  • an oxidant gas channel 30 through which the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a is connected to the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b , is formed on a surface 14 a of the cathode separator 14 facing the membrane electrode assembly 12 .
  • the oxidant gas channel 30 includes a plurality of linear or wave-shaped channel grooves 30 a extending in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B). The oxidant gas flows through the channel grooves 30 a along a separator surface in the longitudinal direction.
  • An inlet buffer portion 32 a and an outlet buffer portion 32 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the oxidant gas channel 30 .
  • Each of the buffer portions 32 a and 32 b has a plurality of embossed portions.
  • the inlet buffer portion 32 a and the outlet buffer portion 32 b have a function of regulating the flow of the oxidant gas and making the oxidant gas flow uniformly along the oxidant gas channel 30 .
  • the inlet buffer portion 32 a has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b .
  • the position of a vertex 32 ae of the triangular shape is located below the center of the inlet buffer portion 32 a in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
  • the inlet buffer portion 32 a has a first ridge line 32 ar 1 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a second ridge line 32 ar 2 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b .
  • the first ridge line 32 ar 1 is longer than the second ridge line 32 ar 2 .
  • the first ridge line 32 ar 1 is parallel to a wall surface 18 aw of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a facing the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
  • the outlet buffer portion 32 b has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a .
  • the position of a vertex 32 be of the triangular shape is located above the center of the outlet buffer portion 32 b in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
  • the outlet buffer portion 32 b has a first ridge line 32 br 1 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and a second ridge line 32 br 2 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a .
  • the first ridge line 32 br 1 is longer than the second ridge line 32 br 2 .
  • the first ridge line 32 br 1 is parallel to a wall surface 18 bw of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b facing the outlet buffer portion 32 b.
  • the inlet buffer portion 32 a is connected to the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a through a plurality of inlet connection channels 33 a .
  • the outlet buffer portion 32 b is connected to the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b through a plurality of outlet connection channels 33 b.
  • the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an end wall surface 18 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a (near the vertex 32 ae ).
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface.
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through an inlet bent channel 33 ar (or a curved channel).
  • the inlet bent channel 33 ar is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a in a direction parallel to the inlet connection channels 33 a .
  • the inlet bent channel 33 ar is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 18 ae 1 .
  • the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an end wall surface 18 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 32 b (near the vertex 32 be ).
  • the end wall surface 18 be 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface.
  • the end wall surface 18 be 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 32 b through an outlet bent channel 33 br (or a curved channel).
  • the outlet bent channel 33 br is connected to the outlet buffer portion 32 b in a direction parallel to the outlet connection channels 33 b .
  • the outlet bent channel 33 br is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 18 be 1 .
  • a fuel gas channel 34 through which the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a is connected to the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b , is formed on a surface 16 a of the anode separator 16 facing the membrane electrode assembly 12 .
  • the fuel gas channel 34 includes a plurality of linear or wave-shaped channel grooves 34 a extending in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B). The fuel gas flows through the fuel gas channel 34 along a separator surface in the longitudinal direction.
  • An inlet buffer portion 36 a and an outlet buffer portion 36 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the fuel gas channel 34 .
  • Each of the buffer portions 36 a and 36 b has a plurality of embossed portions.
  • the inlet buffer portion 36 a has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a and the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b .
  • the position of a vertex 36 ae of the triangular shape is located above the center of the inlet buffer portion 36 a in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
  • the inlet buffer portion 36 a has a first ridge line 36 ar 1 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a and a second ridge line 36 ar 2 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b .
  • the first ridge line 36 ar 1 is longer than the second ridge line 36 ar 2 .
  • the first ridge line 36 ar 1 is parallel to a wall surface 20 aw of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a facing the inlet buffer portion 36 a.
  • the outlet buffer portion 36 b has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b and the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a .
  • the position of a vertex 36 be of the triangular shape is located below the center of the outlet buffer portion 36 b in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
  • the outlet buffer portion 36 b has a first ridge line 36 br 1 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b and a second ridge line 36 br 2 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a .
  • the first ridge line 36 br 1 is shorter than the second ridge line 36 br 2 .
  • the first ridge line 36 br 1 is parallel to a wall surface 20 bw of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b facing the outlet buffer portion 36 b.
  • the inlet buffer portion 36 a is connected to the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a through a plurality of inlet connection channels 37 a .
  • the outlet buffer portion 36 b is connected to the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b through a plurality of outlet connection channels 37 b.
  • the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a has an end wall surface 20 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 36 a (near the vertex 36 ae ).
  • the end wall surface 20 ae 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface.
  • the end wall surface 20 ae 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 36 a through an inlet bent channel 37 ar (or a curved channel).
  • the inlet bent channel 37 ar is connected to the inlet buffer portion 36 a in a direction parallel to the inlet connection channels 37 a .
  • the inlet bent channel 37 ar is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 20 ae 1 .
  • the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b has an end wall surface 20 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 36 b (near the vertex 36 be ).
  • the end wall surface 20 be 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface.
  • the end wall surface 20 be 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 36 b through an outlet bent channel 37 br (or a curved channel).
  • the outlet bent channel 37 br is connected to the outlet buffer portion 36 b in a direction parallel to the outlet connection channels 37 b .
  • the outlet bent channel 37 br is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 20 be 1 .
  • the coolant channel 38 is formed between a surface 16 b of the anode separator 16 and a surface 14 b of the cathode separator 14 of an adjacent fuel cell 11 .
  • the coolant channel 38 is connected to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a and to the pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b .
  • the coolant flows over the area of the membrane electrode assembly 12 corresponding to the electrodes.
  • An inlet buffer portion 40 a and an outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the coolant channel 38 .
  • the coolant channel 38 is formed on the back side of the fuel gas channel 34 .
  • the inlet buffer portion 40 a and the outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively formed on the back sides of the outlet buffer portion 36 b and the inlet buffer portion 36 a .
  • the coolant channel 38 is formed on the back side of the oxidant gas channel 30 .
  • the inlet buffer portion 40 a and the outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively formed on the back sides of the inlet buffer portion 32 a and the outlet buffer portion 32 b.
  • a plurality of inlet connection channels 41 a are disposed in the vicinity of the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a
  • a plurality of outlet connection channels 41 b are disposed in the vicinity of the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
  • a first sealing member 42 is integrally formed around the outer periphery of the cathode separator 14 .
  • a second sealing member 44 is integrally formed around the outer periphery of the anode separator 16 .
  • Each of the first sealing member 42 and the second sealing member 44 is made from an elastic material such as a sealing material, a cushioning material, or a packing material. Examples of such materials include EPDM, NBR, fluorocarbon rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene-rubber, and acrylic rubber.
  • an oxidant gas such as an oxygen-containing gas
  • a fuel gas such as a hydrogen-containing gas
  • a coolant such as pure water, ethylene glycol, a cooling oil, or the like, is supplied to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a.
  • the oxidant gas flows through the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a , the inlet connection channels 33 a , and the inlet buffer portion 32 a ; and the oxidant gas is introduced into the oxidant gas channel 30 of the cathode separator 14 .
  • the oxidant gas moves along the oxidant gas channel 30 in the direction of arrow B (horizontal direction), and is supplied to the cathode electrode 26 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 .
  • the fuel gas passes through the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a , the inlet connection channels 37 a , and the inlet buffer portion 36 a ; and the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas channel 34 of the anode separator 16 .
  • the fuel gas moves along the fuel gas channel 34 in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B), and is supplied to the anode electrode 28 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode 26 and the fuel gas supplied to the anode electrode 28 are consumed in electrochemical reactions in the electrode catalyst layers, and thereby electric power is generated.
  • the oxidant gas which has been supplied to the cathode electrode 26 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and consumed, passes through the outlet buffer portion 32 b and the outlet connection channels 33 b , and is discharged along the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b in the direction of arrow A.
  • the fuel gas which has been supplied to the anode electrode 28 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and consumed, passes through the outlet buffer portion 36 b and the outlet connection channels 37 b , and is discharged along the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b in the direction of arrow A.
  • the coolant supplied to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a is introduced into the coolant channel 38 between the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 .
  • the coolant temporarily flows inward in the direction of arrow C (vertical direction), then moves in the direction of arrow B (horizontal direction), and cools the membrane electrode assembly 12 .
  • the coolant moves outward in the direction of arrow C and is discharged to the pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
  • the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular).
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through the inlet bent channel 33 ar.
  • Comparative Example By using a structure (Comparative Example) in which the inlet bent channel 33 ar is not formed in the end wall surface 18 ae 1 of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a structure (Example) according to the present disclosure, the distribution of the oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas channel 30 is compared.
  • the structure of Comparative Example With the structure of Comparative Example, the pressure loss in a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a tends to become larger than the pressure loss at end portions of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through the inlet bent channel 33 ar . Therefore, in the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a , the pressure loss at a position near the end wall surface 18 ae 1 of the inlet buffer portion 32 a is smaller than the pressure loss at a position near an end portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
  • the oxidant gas flows through the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a , the inlet connection channels 33 a , and the inlet bent channel 33 ar so that the flow rate of the oxidant gas at a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a , at which flow of the oxidant gas tends to slow down, becomes higher than that at an upper end portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
  • the oxidant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire area of the oxidant gas channel 30 in the width direction, and a desired power generation performance can be achieved.
  • the fuel gas channel 34 has a structure similar to that of the oxidant gas channel 30 . Therefore, the fuel gas channel 34 provides the same effect as that of the oxidant gas channel 30 .
  • each of the fuel cells 11 includes a single MEA (the membrane electrode assembly 12 ) and two separators (the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 ).
  • the number of MEAs and the number of separators are not limited to these.
  • each fuel cell may include two MEAs and three separators (each MEA being interposed between two of the three separators), and the structure according to the first embodiment may be used for a coolant that flows between such fuel cells.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of a cathode separator 60 of a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the elements the same as those of the cathode separator 14 of the fuel cell stack 10 according to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b have elongated openings (which may be substantially triangular) that have substantially the same opening area.
  • the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a have elongate shapes (which may be substantially triangular) and have substantially the same opening area.
  • an inlet buffer portion 62 a and an outlet buffer portion 62 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the oxidant gas channel 30 .
  • the inlet buffer portion 62 a has a triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b .
  • a first ridge line 62 ar 1 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a second ridge line 62 ar 2 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b have the same length.
  • the outlet buffer portion 62 b has a triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a .
  • a first ridge line 62 br 1 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and a second ridge line 62 br 2 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a have the same length.
  • the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an end wall surface 18 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a .
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 is a convex curved surface.
  • the end wall surface 18 ae 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 62 a through an inlet bent channel 33 ar .
  • the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an end wall surface 18 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 62 b .
  • the end wall surface 18 be 1 is a convex curved surface.
  • the end wall surface 18 be 1 which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 62 b through the outlet bent channel 33 br.
  • the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a is higher than the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to an upper end portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a . Therefore, with a simple and economical structure, the second embodiment has the same effect as that of the first embodiment. For example, the oxidant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire area of the oxidant gas channel 30 , and a desired power generation performance can be achieved.
  • a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked, the fuel cells each including a membrane electrode assembly and a pair of separators that are stacked, the membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween, the separators each having a horizontally elongated shape.
  • the separators each include, in a portion thereof near a short side thereof, a first reactant gas manifold through which a first reactant gas, which is one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, flows in a stacking direction in which the separators are stacked, and a second reactant gas manifold through which the other of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas flows in the stacking direction in which the separators are stacked.
  • one of the separators includes a reactant gas channel through which the first reactant gas flows along a surface of the separator along a long side of the separator, a buffer portion connected to an inlet side of the reactant gas channel and a buffer portion connected to an outlet side of the reactant gas channel, the buffer portions each having a triangular shape, and a plurality of connection channels connecting the first reactant gas manifold to one of the buffer portions.
  • the first reactant gas manifold has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the one of the buffer portions and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold near a middle portion of the buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface, and the curved surface and the buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved.
  • the first reactant gas manifold have a wall surface that is located near the one of the buffer portions and in which the plurality of connection channels have openings, the wall surface extending parallel to the ridge line of the buffer portion.
  • the first reactant gas manifold has an elongated opening and the end wall surface of the first reactant gas manifold near a middle portion of the buffer portion is a convex curved surface. Therefore, the pressure loss in the vicinity of the end wall surface can be effectively reduced. Moreover, the curved surface is connected to the buffer portion through a channel that is bent or curved. Therefore, the reactant gas can smoothly flow through the channel from the vicinity of the end wall surface of the first reactant gas manifold.
  • the flow rate of the reactant gas supplied to a middle portion of the buffer portion, in which flow of the reactant gas tends to slow down, can be effectively increased. Therefore, the reactant gas can be smoothly supplied to the entirety of the reactant gas channel.
  • the reactant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire surface of the reactant gas channel, and thereby a desired power generation performance can be achieved with a simple and economical structure.

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Abstract

A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells each including a first separator, a second separator and a membrane electrode assembly. A first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of a first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator near a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface. The convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-269279, filed Dec. 10, 2012, entitled “Fuel Cell Stack.” The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell stack.
2. Description of the Related Art
For example, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a unit cell including a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and separators sandwiching the MEA therebetween. The MEA includes an electrolyte membrane made from a polymer ion-exchange membrane, an anode electrode disposed on one side of the electrolyte membrane, and a cathode electrode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte membrane. Typically, a predetermined number of unit cells of this type are stacked and used as a vehicle fuel cell stack.
In the fuel cell, a fuel gas channel is formed in a surface of one of the separators so as to supply a fuel gas toward the anode electrode and an oxidant gas channel is formed in a surface of the other separator so as to supply an oxidant gas toward the cathode electrode. Moreover, a coolant channel is formed between adjacent separators of adjacent fuel cells so that a coolant can flow along surfaces of the separators to a region in which the electrodes are disposed.
A fuel cell of this type is usually structured as a so-called internal-manifold-type fuel cell. The internal-manifold-type fuel cell has a fuel gas inlet manifold and a fuel gas outlet manifold, through which a fuel gas flows; an oxidant gas inlet manifold and an oxidant gas outlet manifold, through which an oxidant gas flows; and a coolant inlet manifold and a coolant outlet manifold, through which a coolant flows. All of these manifolds extend in the stacking direction of the unit cells.
However, internal-manifold-type fuel cells have a problem in that a reactant gas is nonuniformly supplied to the entire surface of the reactant gas channel from the reactant gas inlet manifold. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-293743, for example, discloses a fuel cell to address this problem.
The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly and a separator that are stacked, the membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween; a reactant gas channel through which a reactant gas is supplied along a surface of each of the electrodes, and a reactant gas manifold through which the reactant gas flows in the stacking direction.
The separator includes an inlet buffer portion and a supply-side of the reactant gas manifold. The inlet buffer portion is located at an inlet side of the reactant gas channel, has a substantially triangular shape, and has a width substantially the same as the width of the reactant gas channel field. The supply-side of the reactant gas manifold is located near one of ridge lines of the inlet buffer portion. The inlet buffer portion has protrusions. The disposition density of the protrusions in a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion is lower than the disposition density of the protrusions in end portions of the inlet buffer portion.
The reactant gas easily passes through a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion in the width direction, and the disposition density of the protrusions is low in the middle portion of the inlet buffer portion. Therefore, the flow speed of the reactant gas decreases in the middle portion and the reactant gas can be guided to channel grooves in a middle portion of the reactant gas channel in the width direction.
SUMMARY
According to one aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked. The plurality of fuel cells each includes a first separator, a second separator and a membrane electrode assembly. The first separator has a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side. The second separator has a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side. The membrane electrode assembly is provided between the first separator and the second separator in a stacking direction and includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte membrane which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. Each of the first separator and the second separator includes, in a portion near the short side of each of the first separator and the second separator, a first reactant gas manifold and a second reactant gas manifold. A first reactant gas is to flow in the stacking direction through the first reactant gas manifold. The first reactant gas includes one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas. Another of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is to flow in the stacking direction through the second reactant gas manifold. The first separator includes a reactant gas channel, a first buffer portion, a second buffer portion and a plurality of connection channels. The first reactant gas is to flow through the reactant gas channel along a surface of the first separator and along the long side of the first separator. The first buffer portion is connected to one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the reactant gas channel and has a triangular shape. The second buffer portion is connected to another of the inlet side and the outlet side of the reactant gas channel and has a triangular shape. The plurality of connection channels connects the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator to the first buffer portion. The first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator near a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface. The convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel cell of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fuel cell taken along line II-II in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a cathode separator of the fuel cell.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an anode separator of the fuel cell.
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a comparison of the flow rate of an oxidant gas supplied to an oxidant gas channel of an example according to the present disclosure and a comparative example.
FIG. 6 is a partial view illustrating an oxidant gas inlet manifold of the fuel cell.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a cathode separator of a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
 DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a fuel cell stack 10 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of fuel cells 11 that are arranged in upright positions (so that electrode surfaces thereof extend in the vertical direction) and that are stacked in the direction of arrow A. The fuel cells 11 each include a membrane electrode assembly 12, and a cathode separator 14 and an anode separator 16 sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly 12 therebetween.
The cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 are each a thin metal separator made from, for example, a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, an aluminum plate, a galvanized steel plate, or any of such metal plates having an anti-corrosive coating on the surface thereof. The metal separator is rectangular in plan view and has a corrugated form having an undulating cross-sectional shape. The corrugated form is made by press-forming a metal plate. The cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 need not be metal separators and may be, for example, carbon separators.
Each of the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16 has a horizontally elongated shape and has short sides extending in a vertical direction (direction of arrow C) and long sides extending in a horizontal direction (direction of arrow B) (so as to be stacked in a horizontal direction).
An oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a (first reactant gas manifold) and a fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b (second reactant gas manifold) are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through one end portion of the fuel cell 11 in the longitudinal direction (direction of arrow B). An oxidant gas, such as an oxygen-containing gas, is supplied through the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a. A fuel gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas, is discharged through the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b. Each of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular). The opening of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an area larger than that of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b.
A fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a (second reactant gas manifold) and an oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b (first reactant gas manifold) are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through the other end portion of the fuel cell 11 in the longitudinal direction. The fuel gas is supplied through the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a. The oxidant gas is discharged through the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b. Each of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular). The opening of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an area larger than that of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a.
A pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend in the direction of arrow A through one end portions of the fuel cell 11 in the transversal direction (in the direction of arrow C). A coolant is supplied through the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a. A pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b are formed in the fuel cell 11 so as to extend through the other end portions of the fuel cell 11 in the transversal direction. The coolant is discharged through the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
Each of the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a has an elongated substantially rectangular opening extending along a coolant channel 38 (in the direction of arrow B). Each of the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b has an elongated substantially rectangular opening extending along the coolant channel 38 (in the direction of arrow B).
The membrane electrode assembly 12 includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24, and a cathode electrode 26 and an anode electrode 28 sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 therebetween. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is made of, for example, a fluoropolymer or a hydrocarbon polymer.
Each of the cathode electrode 26 and the anode electrode 28 includes a gas diffusion layer (not shown) and an electrode catalyst layer (not shown). The gas diffusion layer is made of carbon paper or the like. The electrode catalyst layer is formed on a surface of the gas diffusion layer by uniformly coating the surface with porous carbon particles whose surfaces support a platinum alloy. The electrode catalyst layers are formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, an oxidant gas channel 30, through which the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a is connected to the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b, is formed on a surface 14 a of the cathode separator 14 facing the membrane electrode assembly 12. The oxidant gas channel 30 includes a plurality of linear or wave-shaped channel grooves 30 a extending in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B). The oxidant gas flows through the channel grooves 30 a along a separator surface in the longitudinal direction.
An inlet buffer portion 32 a and an outlet buffer portion 32 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the oxidant gas channel 30. Each of the buffer portions 32 a and 32 b has a plurality of embossed portions. The inlet buffer portion 32 a and the outlet buffer portion 32 b have a function of regulating the flow of the oxidant gas and making the oxidant gas flow uniformly along the oxidant gas channel 30. The inlet buffer portion 32 a has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b. The position of a vertex 32 ae of the triangular shape is located below the center of the inlet buffer portion 32 a in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
The inlet buffer portion 32 a has a first ridge line 32 ar 1 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a second ridge line 32 ar 2 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b. The first ridge line 32 ar 1 is longer than the second ridge line 32 ar 2. The first ridge line 32 ar 1 is parallel to a wall surface 18 aw of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a facing the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
The outlet buffer portion 32 b has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a. The position of a vertex 32 be of the triangular shape is located above the center of the outlet buffer portion 32 b in the height direction (direction of arrow C). The outlet buffer portion 32 b has a first ridge line 32 br 1 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and a second ridge line 32 br 2 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a. The first ridge line 32 br 1 is longer than the second ridge line 32 br 2. The first ridge line 32 br 1 is parallel to a wall surface 18 bw of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b facing the outlet buffer portion 32 b.
The inlet buffer portion 32 a is connected to the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a through a plurality of inlet connection channels 33 a. The outlet buffer portion 32 b is connected to the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b through a plurality of outlet connection channels 33 b.
The oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an end wall surface 18 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a (near the vertex 32 ae). The end wall surface 18 ae 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface. The end wall surface 18 ae 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through an inlet bent channel 33 ar (or a curved channel). The inlet bent channel 33 ar is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a in a direction parallel to the inlet connection channels 33 a. The inlet bent channel 33 ar is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 18 ae 1.
The oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an end wall surface 18 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 32 b (near the vertex 32 be). The end wall surface 18 be 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface. The end wall surface 18 be 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 32 b through an outlet bent channel 33 br (or a curved channel). The outlet bent channel 33 br is connected to the outlet buffer portion 32 b in a direction parallel to the outlet connection channels 33 b. The outlet bent channel 33 br is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 18 be 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, a fuel gas channel 34, through which the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a is connected to the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b, is formed on a surface 16 a of the anode separator 16 facing the membrane electrode assembly 12. The fuel gas channel 34 includes a plurality of linear or wave-shaped channel grooves 34 a extending in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B). The fuel gas flows through the fuel gas channel 34 along a separator surface in the longitudinal direction. An inlet buffer portion 36 a and an outlet buffer portion 36 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the fuel gas channel 34. Each of the buffer portions 36 a and 36 b has a plurality of embossed portions.
The inlet buffer portion 36 a has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a and the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b. The position of a vertex 36 ae of the triangular shape is located above the center of the inlet buffer portion 36 a in the height direction (direction of arrow C).
The inlet buffer portion 36 a has a first ridge line 36 ar 1 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a and a second ridge line 36 ar 2 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b. The first ridge line 36 ar 1 is longer than the second ridge line 36 ar 2. The first ridge line 36 ar 1 is parallel to a wall surface 20 aw of the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a facing the inlet buffer portion 36 a.
The outlet buffer portion 36 b has a substantially triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b and the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a. The position of a vertex 36 be of the triangular shape is located below the center of the outlet buffer portion 36 b in the height direction (direction of arrow C). The outlet buffer portion 36 b has a first ridge line 36 br 1 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b and a second ridge line 36 br 2 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a. The first ridge line 36 br 1 is shorter than the second ridge line 36 br 2. The first ridge line 36 br 1 is parallel to a wall surface 20 bw of the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b facing the outlet buffer portion 36 b.
The inlet buffer portion 36 a is connected to the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a through a plurality of inlet connection channels 37 a. The outlet buffer portion 36 b is connected to the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b through a plurality of outlet connection channels 37 b.
The fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a has an end wall surface 20 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 36 a (near the vertex 36 ae). The end wall surface 20 ae 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface. The end wall surface 20 ae 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 36 a through an inlet bent channel 37 ar (or a curved channel). The inlet bent channel 37 ar is connected to the inlet buffer portion 36 a in a direction parallel to the inlet connection channels 37 a. The inlet bent channel 37 ar is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 20 ae 1.
The fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b has an end wall surface 20 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 36 b (near the vertex 36 be). The end wall surface 20 be 1 is a convex curved surface, such as an arc surface. The end wall surface 20 be 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 36 b through an outlet bent channel 37 br (or a curved channel). The outlet bent channel 37 br is connected to the outlet buffer portion 36 b in a direction parallel to the outlet connection channels 37 b. The outlet bent channel 37 br is bent (or curved) in a middle portion thereof and is connected to the end wall surface 20 be 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the coolant channel 38 is formed between a surface 16 b of the anode separator 16 and a surface 14 b of the cathode separator 14 of an adjacent fuel cell 11. The coolant channel 38 is connected to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a and to the pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b. Along the coolant channel 38, the coolant flows over the area of the membrane electrode assembly 12 corresponding to the electrodes. An inlet buffer portion 40 a and an outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the coolant channel 38.
In the anode separator 16, the coolant channel 38 is formed on the back side of the fuel gas channel 34. The inlet buffer portion 40 a and the outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively formed on the back sides of the outlet buffer portion 36 b and the inlet buffer portion 36 a. In the cathode separator 14, the coolant channel 38 is formed on the back side of the oxidant gas channel 30. The inlet buffer portion 40 a and the outlet buffer portion 40 b are respectively formed on the back sides of the inlet buffer portion 32 a and the outlet buffer portion 32 b.
A plurality of inlet connection channels 41 a are disposed in the vicinity of the coolant inlet manifolds 22 a, and a plurality of outlet connection channels 41 b are disposed in the vicinity of the coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
On the surfaces 14 a and 14 b of the cathode separator 14, a first sealing member 42 is integrally formed around the outer periphery of the cathode separator 14. On the surfaces 16 a and 16 b of the anode separator 16, a second sealing member 44 is integrally formed around the outer periphery of the anode separator 16. Each of the first sealing member 42 and the second sealing member 44 is made from an elastic material such as a sealing material, a cushioning material, or a packing material. Examples of such materials include EPDM, NBR, fluorocarbon rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene-rubber, and acrylic rubber.
The operation of the fuel cell 11 will be described below.
First, as illustrated in FIG. 1, an oxidant gas, such as an oxygen-containing gas, is supplied to the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a. A fuel gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas, is supplied to the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a. A coolant, such as pure water, ethylene glycol, a cooling oil, or the like, is supplied to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the oxidant gas flows through the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a, the inlet connection channels 33 a, and the inlet buffer portion 32 a; and the oxidant gas is introduced into the oxidant gas channel 30 of the cathode separator 14. The oxidant gas moves along the oxidant gas channel 30 in the direction of arrow B (horizontal direction), and is supplied to the cathode electrode 26 of the membrane electrode assembly 12.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the fuel gas passes through the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a, the inlet connection channels 37 a, and the inlet buffer portion 36 a; and the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas channel 34 of the anode separator 16. The fuel gas moves along the fuel gas channel 34 in the horizontal direction (direction of arrow B), and is supplied to the anode electrode 28 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 (see FIG. 1).
Accordingly, in the membrane electrode assembly 12, the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode 26 and the fuel gas supplied to the anode electrode 28 are consumed in electrochemical reactions in the electrode catalyst layers, and thereby electric power is generated.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the oxidant gas, which has been supplied to the cathode electrode 26 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and consumed, passes through the outlet buffer portion 32 b and the outlet connection channels 33 b, and is discharged along the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b in the direction of arrow A. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the fuel gas, which has been supplied to the anode electrode 28 of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and consumed, passes through the outlet buffer portion 36 b and the outlet connection channels 37 b, and is discharged along the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b in the direction of arrow A.
The coolant supplied to the pair of coolant inlet manifolds 22 a is introduced into the coolant channel 38 between the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the coolant temporarily flows inward in the direction of arrow C (vertical direction), then moves in the direction of arrow B (horizontal direction), and cools the membrane electrode assembly 12. The coolant moves outward in the direction of arrow C and is discharged to the pair of coolant outlet manifolds 22 b.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, in the first embodiment, the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an elongated opening (which may be substantially triangular). The end wall surface 18 ae 1 at an end of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a (near the vertex 32 ae). The end wall surface 18 ae 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through the inlet bent channel 33 ar.
By using a structure (Comparative Example) in which the inlet bent channel 33 ar is not formed in the end wall surface 18 ae 1 of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a structure (Example) according to the present disclosure, the distribution of the oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas channel 30 is compared. With the structure of Comparative Example, the pressure loss in a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a tends to become larger than the pressure loss at end portions of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
Therefore, a large amount of oxidant gas flows from the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a into an end portion (upper end portion) of the inlet buffer portion 32 a. As a result, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the flow rate of oxidant gas in a lower portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a becomes low. Therefore, a problem occurs in that the oxidant gas is nonuniformly supplied to the power generation region, and therefore durability and power generation stability deteriorate.
In contrast, with the structure of Example, in the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a, the end wall surface 18 ae 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 32 a through the inlet bent channel 33 ar. Therefore, in the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a, the pressure loss at a position near the end wall surface 18 ae 1 of the inlet buffer portion 32 a is smaller than the pressure loss at a position near an end portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the oxidant gas flows through the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a, the inlet connection channels 33 a, and the inlet bent channel 33 ar so that the flow rate of the oxidant gas at a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a, at which flow of the oxidant gas tends to slow down, becomes higher than that at an upper end portion of the inlet buffer portion 32 a.
Therefore, with a simple and economical structure, the oxidant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire area of the oxidant gas channel 30 in the width direction, and a desired power generation performance can be achieved.
Because the structure on the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b is the same as that of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a side, the same effect can be obtained with the structure. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the fuel gas channel 34 has a structure similar to that of the oxidant gas channel 30. Therefore, the fuel gas channel 34 provides the same effect as that of the oxidant gas channel 30.
In the first embodiment, each of the fuel cells 11 includes a single MEA (the membrane electrode assembly 12) and two separators (the cathode separator 14 and the anode separator 16). However, the number of MEAs and the number of separators are not limited to these. For example, each fuel cell may include two MEAs and three separators (each MEA being interposed between two of the three separators), and the structure according to the first embodiment may be used for a coolant that flows between such fuel cells.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a cathode separator 60 of a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The elements the same as those of the cathode separator 14 of the fuel cell stack 10 according to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
In the second embodiment, the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b have elongated openings (which may be substantially triangular) that have substantially the same opening area. The oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a have elongate shapes (which may be substantially triangular) and have substantially the same opening area.
In the cathode separator 60, an inlet buffer portion 62 a and an outlet buffer portion 62 b are respectively disposed in the vicinities of the inlet and the outlet of the oxidant gas channel 30. The inlet buffer portion 62 a has a triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b. A first ridge line 62 ar 1 facing the oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a and a second ridge line 62 ar 2 facing the fuel gas outlet manifold 20 b have the same length.
The outlet buffer portion 62 b has a triangular shape having sides corresponding to the shapes of the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a. A first ridge line 62 br 1 facing the oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b and a second ridge line 62 br 2 facing the fuel gas inlet manifold 20 a have the same length.
The oxidant gas inlet manifold 18 a has an end wall surface 18 ae 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a. The end wall surface 18 ae 1 is a convex curved surface. The end wall surface 18 ae 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the inlet buffer portion 62 a through an inlet bent channel 33 ar. The oxidant gas outlet manifold 18 b has an end wall surface 18 be 1 at an end thereof near a middle portion of the outlet buffer portion 62 b. The end wall surface 18 be 1 is a convex curved surface. The end wall surface 18 be 1, which is a curved surface, is connected to the outlet buffer portion 62 b through the outlet bent channel 33 br.
With the second embodiment, the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to a middle portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a is higher than the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to an upper end portion of the inlet buffer portion 62 a. Therefore, with a simple and economical structure, the second embodiment has the same effect as that of the first embodiment. For example, the oxidant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire area of the oxidant gas channel 30, and a desired power generation performance can be achieved.
According to an aspect of the embodiment, a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked, the fuel cells each including a membrane electrode assembly and a pair of separators that are stacked, the membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween, the separators each having a horizontally elongated shape. The separators each include, in a portion thereof near a short side thereof, a first reactant gas manifold through which a first reactant gas, which is one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, flows in a stacking direction in which the separators are stacked, and a second reactant gas manifold through which the other of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas flows in the stacking direction in which the separators are stacked.
In the fuel cell stack according to the embodiment, one of the separators includes a reactant gas channel through which the first reactant gas flows along a surface of the separator along a long side of the separator, a buffer portion connected to an inlet side of the reactant gas channel and a buffer portion connected to an outlet side of the reactant gas channel, the buffer portions each having a triangular shape, and a plurality of connection channels connecting the first reactant gas manifold to one of the buffer portions.
Moreover, the first reactant gas manifold has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the one of the buffer portions and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold near a middle portion of the buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface, and the curved surface and the buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved.
In the fuel cell stack according to the embodiment, it is preferable that the first reactant gas manifold have a wall surface that is located near the one of the buffer portions and in which the plurality of connection channels have openings, the wall surface extending parallel to the ridge line of the buffer portion.
According to the aspect of the embodiment, the first reactant gas manifold has an elongated opening and the end wall surface of the first reactant gas manifold near a middle portion of the buffer portion is a convex curved surface. Therefore, the pressure loss in the vicinity of the end wall surface can be effectively reduced. Moreover, the curved surface is connected to the buffer portion through a channel that is bent or curved. Therefore, the reactant gas can smoothly flow through the channel from the vicinity of the end wall surface of the first reactant gas manifold.
Thus, the flow rate of the reactant gas supplied to a middle portion of the buffer portion, in which flow of the reactant gas tends to slow down, can be effectively increased. Therefore, the reactant gas can be smoothly supplied to the entirety of the reactant gas channel.
Therefore, the reactant gas can be uniformly and reliably supplied to the entire surface of the reactant gas channel, and thereby a desired power generation performance can be achieved with a simple and economical structure.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

Claims (12)

What is claimed is:
1. A fuel cell stack comprising:
a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked, the plurality of fuel cells each comprising:
a first separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side;
a second separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side; and
a membrane electrode assembly provided between the first separator and the second separator in a stacking direction and including a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte membrane which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein each of the first separator and the second separator includes, in a portion adjacent to the short side of each of the first separator and the second separator,
a first reactant gas manifold through which a first reactant gas is to flow in the stacking direction, the first reactant gas comprising one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and
a second reactant gas manifold through which another of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is to flow in the stacking direction,
wherein the first separator includes
a reactant gas channel through which the first reactant gas is to flow along a surface of the first separator and along the long side of the first separator,
a first buffer portion connected to one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape,
a second buffer portion connected to another of the inlet side and the outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape, and
a plurality of connection channels connecting the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator to the first buffer portion,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator adjacent to a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface, and
wherein the convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is curved.
2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold has a wall surface which is located adjacent to the first buffer portion and to which the plurality of connection channels are connected, the wall surface extending parallel to the ridge line of the first buffer portion.
3. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1,
wherein the second reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along an another ridge line of the first buffer portion.
4. A fuel cell stack comprising:
a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked, the plurality of fuel cells each comprising:
a first separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side;
a second separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side; and
a membrane electrode assembly provided between the first separator and the second separator in a stacking direction and including a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte membrane which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein each of the first separator and the second separator includes, in a portion adjacent to the short side of each of the first separator and the second separator,
a first reactant gas manifold through which a first reactant gas is to flow in the stacking direction, the first reactant gas comprising one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and
a second reactant gas manifold through which another of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is to flow in the stacking direction,
wherein the first separator includes
a reactant gas channel through which the first reactant gas is to flow along a surface of the first separator and along the long side of the first separator,
a first buffer portion connected to one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape,
a second buffer portion connected to another of the inlet side and the outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape, and
a plurality of connection channels connecting the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator to the first buffer portion,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator adjacent to a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface, and
wherein the first buffer portion and the convex curved surface are connected to each other through a channel that includes a first portion and a second portion that is bent with respect to the first portion.
5. The fuel cell stack according to claim 4,
wherein the first portion of the channel extends parallel to the plurality of connection channels, and
wherein the second portion of the channel extends at an angle with respect to the plurality of connection channels.
6. The fuel cell stack according to claim 5,
wherein the first portion of the channel is directly connected to the first buffer portion and the second portion of the channel is directly connected to the convex curved surface.
7. The fuel cell stack according to claim 4,
wherein the first portion of the channel is directly connected to the first buffer portion and the second portion of the channel is directly connected to the convex curved surface.
8. The fuel cell stack according to claim 4,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold has a wall surface which is located adjacent to the first buffer portion and to which the plurality of connection channels are connected, the wall surface extending parallel to the ridge line of the first buffer portion.
9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 4,
wherein the second reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along an another ridge line of the first buffer portion.
10. A fuel cell stack comprising:
a plurality of fuel cells that are stacked, the plurality of fuel cells each comprising:
a first separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side;
a second separator having a horizontally elongated shape with a long side and a short side; and
a membrane electrode assembly provided between the first separator and the second separator in a stacking direction and including a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte membrane which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein each of the first separator and the second separator includes, in a portion adjacent to the short side of each of the first separator and the second separator,
a first reactant gas manifold through which a first reactant gas is to flow in the stacking direction, the first reactant gas comprising one of a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and
a second reactant gas manifold through which another of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is to flow in the stacking direction,
wherein the first separator includes
a reactant gas channel through which the first reactant gas is to flow along a surface of the first separator and along the long side of the first separator,
a first buffer portion connected to one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape,
a second buffer portion connected to another of the inlet side and the outlet side of the reactant gas channel and having a triangular shape, and
a plurality of connection channels connecting the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator to the first buffer portion,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of the first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator adjacent to a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface, and
wherein the convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved, the channel being directly connected to the convex curved surface.
11. The fuel cell stack according to claim 10,
wherein the first reactant gas manifold has a wall surface which is located adjacent to the first buffer portion and to which the plurality of connection channels are connected, the wall surface extending parallel to the ridge line of the first buffer portion.
12. The fuel cell stack according to claim 10,
wherein the second reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along an another ridge line of the first buffer portion.
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