US926874A - Motor-controlling device. - Google Patents

Description

L. JAN ISGH.

MOTOR CONTROLLING DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED 001' 10, 1907.

926,874, I Patented July 6,1909.

2 SHBET8-BHEIIT 1.

Inventor;

Leopold Ja isch, by W L. JANISGH. MOTOR CONTROLLING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION FILED our. 10, 1907. v

Inventor:

Patented July 6, 1909.

2 BHEETS-BHEET 2.

- subljgect of the Emperor of. Germany, residing at LEOPOLD JANI SOH, BERLIN, GERMANY, AS

A CORPORATION sioNoP. To GENERA L OF NEW YORK. MOTOR-CONTROLLING DEVICE.

ELECTRIC COMPANY,

I Specification of Letters Patent.

- Afiplication filed October 10, 1907.

Patented July 6, 1909. Scn'al No. 396,700..

To all whom it may. concern:

Be it known that I, LEoPoLn JAsiscn, a

ranged to cut out one of the sections upon the first controller contact, that is, as soon as the motor circuit is closed. If the motor is running with no load or a light load, this poerlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Im roveme'nts in lllOtOI--COIlsition will give the motor suflicient speed but 0 trolling Devices, oi which the following is a if the safe speed is exceeded the section of specification. resistance is'.a ain automatically thrown into Thisinvention relates to the controlling of circuit. In t is figure, A is the armature electric motors and has for its object the proand F the series fieldoi' the motor. vision of means whereby an electric motor The resistance R'is divided into sections 5 may be started, stopped, and generally conby means of contact studs 10, 11, 12, 13 and tro led in a reliable andefl'icient manner. 14 adapted to be engaged by the segments My invention relates more specifically to .10, 11, 12 13 and-14 on the drum conthe starting of electric motors which must be troller. There is also a stud 15 at the top of operated under various conditions of load the controller engaged bythe segment 15 and speed. In the starting of motorsworkand a similar stud 16 at the bottom of the ing under widely varying load, difficulties controller engaged by the se Inent 16, the have arisen by reason of the fact that the two studs 15 and 16 being e ectric'ally consame starter must serve for the starting of nected as shown. The first section R of the the motor bothat full load and low speed resistance to be cut out is arranged to be and at no load and low speed. It is, for exshort circuited by means of a solenoid switch ample, necessary in l'ioisting apparatus to so having a movable contact 17 adapted to design the starting or controlling device that bridge the contacts 18 and 19 when the coil the operation is always slow in the first con- 20 is energized so as to draw up its core 21. troller position. This is attained by causing This core also has attached to it a contact 22 the resistance connected in series with the adapted when the coil 20 is energized to armature to choke a large portion of the pobridge contacts 23 to complete the circuit tential of the system. In hoisting apparatus of coil 24 in shunt to the motor armature 'A. if the seriesresistance is so proportioned that This coil 24 when it is energized operates the ahalf load is raised at the first position of the contact 25 to bridge the contacts 26 and controller with a comparatively low speed short circuit the coil 20. A resistance 27 then a full load ma be given a downward is arranged so that a art of itis connected instead of an upwarr movement the cur-, in series with the coil 20, when the latter rent may be insufiicient not only to lift the operates its contactor, by means of a contact load but even to hold it at all. The result finger 28 which engages the'wing contact 29 may be that upon the next movement of the on the controller in the initial position. controller a shock is caused since the lifting When contact is made at this finger a; part mechanism passes suddenly from the falling only of the resistance 27 is connected in seto the lifting movement without pausing at rie's with the coil 20 sothat the latter will be the position of rest. It has been sought to sufficiently energized to operate its switch overcome these difficulties by means of mebut after the finger springs pass the wing chanical brakes, and the like, which are opercontact the whole of resistance 2'7 is conated manually but as such devices are inconnecterl in series with the coil so that, while venient and absorb a great deal of power in enough current passes to hold the switch the form of motor current they are generally closed, it cannot be closed again without unsatisfactory. moving he controller backward to the In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 initial position. to 4 show various modifications of my inven- The mode of operation of the device tion and Fig. 5 shows the drum controllershown in Fig. 1 is as follows: When the conemployed in connection therewith. troller is moved to the first position 1, con

Referring first to Fig. 1 it will be seen that tact is made between the contact finger 28 I have provided in connection with the ordiand the wing contact 29 and between the nary starting resistance, divided into sections stud 15 and Contact segment 15. In this and a controller for successively cutting out position contact is also made between the such sections, an electromagnetic switch ar- 1 studs 10 and '16 and their orres onding BEST AVAILABLE COP contact segments and 16'. With the controller in this position current passes from the main at L to conductor 30 through coil 20, conductor 31, part of resistance 27,

conductor 32, finger 28, contact 29, segment and conductor 32, back to line at L.

Solenoid being energized of resistance 27 in with only a part series will raise its core 1 and bridge contacts 18 and 19 which will 5 short circuit section R of the resistance Current through the motor will then pas; from line at L through the armature A, series field F, resistance R, conductor 33, contacts 18, 17 and 19, conductor 34 to stud 10 and contact segment 10, thence across to segment 16 andstud 16 back toline at L. Ifthe load on the motor is light, the armature will speed up, due to the cutting out of the sec- -"t1on R. If, however, the speed exceeds a predetermined safe value the coil 24, which isconnected across the armature terminals will be sufficiently energized to raise its contact m bridge the contacts 26 which will short circuit the coil 20. The result will be that the core 21 and contact 17 will drop, the contact 17 taking the arc, and the resistance R will be thrown in series with the motor. This section R of resistance is so calculated that it will not permit the armature to rise above a safe speed. In this first position of the controller the finger 28 has snapped off the wing contact 29 so that the contactor 17 will not be again raised. :If there is a load on the motor the next movement of the cont-roller in the position 2 will short circuit the section R through the segments 10 and '11. It will be seen that the section it of resistance is first short circuited by means of the switch and then through thecontrollcr coirtacts and by continuing the movement of the controller the remaining sections of the resistance R will be short circuited in the usual way. By this arran ement it will be seen that the motor may be started with no load at a safe speed and also be operated on the first contact with a heavy load.

In the form shown in Fig. 2 special series resistance R is connected in series with the resistance R. In this form when the coil 20 is energized upon the first controller position the resistance R is short circuited and, as in the case of Fig. 1, the short circuit is opened by the energizing of the coil 24 when the safe speed is exceeded. When the short circuit is opened the resistance R is connected in series with the resistance it and after all of the resistance R is cut out the resistance R will still be in circuit so as to prevent the normal speed from being exceeded. Otherwise the form of device shown in Fig. 2 operates in the same manner as that shown in Fig. 1.

in Fig. 3 l have shown an arrangement for starting motors which it is desired shall start with a very low speed and after a certain may be limited speed is reached the speed will then be increased. Motors operated for lifting grain and the like must often be started in this way since if the movement at starting is too violent the sacks will be torn, while if the 7 movement is brought about gradually the increase in the speed is unobjectionable. In. this case a resistance R 's connected in parallel with the motor armature A, when the con roller is moved to the first position, by of the cont actor 17, and this resistance acts as a brake and reduces the speed of the .inotor. fl hen, however, the s eed reaches ermined point the cold 20 will be ircuited by closing of contacts 25 26, the energizing of the coil 24, and the of .ne resistance R will be opened. l2 speed up the motor'since by this. i .rtia or the load has been over,- ne speed of the motor may be-inthout danger to the load. The pkPl'HlllOil of the arrangement of wise the same as that of the ariown in Figs. 1 and 2. iown a combination of the arown in Figs. 1 and 3. This ar- Ee gned to roduce a large dentoz sueed at mean and full brake resistance R is emon to the resistance R in series with thr. arting resistance R. When the solenoid is energized on the first controller position the resistance lt will be connected in pararl with the armature A and at the same time the resistance section R will be shcrt-circuited. In this way with a full load the speed of the armature will be greatly reduced because of the arallel resistance R while if the load is ight it will nothave this eii'ect and the motor can be run at comparatively high speed or the speed described with reference to the device shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

It will be seen that I have provided a very convenient and cilicient arrangement for starting motors under varying conditions of load and running both at a high and a low speed.

Various modifications of my invention will, of course, suggest ti lves to those skilled in the art without depu ing from the spirit of my invention, the e of which is set forth in the annexed ch What I claim as new am. desire to secure by Letters Patent of the lnited States, is

1. In combination an electric motor, a controlling mechanism therefor, a resistance, a switch for controlling the relation of said resistance to the motor circuit, means cooperating withsaid controlling mechanism for closing said switch in the initial movement of said controlling mechanism, and means responsive to the speed of said motor for opening said switch.

2. In combination an electric motor, a concrease o" load. ployed in a awe troller therefor, a resistance, a switch for controlling the relation of said resistance to the motor circuit, means cooperating with said controller operative only in an initial position thereof for closing said switch, and means responsive to the speed of said motor for opening said switch.

3. The combination with an electric motor and controlling mechanism therefor, of a resistance in the motor circuit, anelectro-mag- ,netic switch arranged to' throw said resistance in and out o the circuit to vary the motor speed, and connections whereby said switch is o erated to affect the circuit u on the initial movement of the control ing mechanism and restored when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

- 4. The combination with an electric motor and controlling mechanism therefor, of a re sistance in the motor circuit, an electromagnetic switch arranged to throw said resista'ncein and out of clrcuit to vary the motor speed, and means whereby said switch is closed by the initial movement of the controlling mechanism and opened when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

5. The combination with an electric motor, of means for starting the same comprising a resistance, controlling mechanism therefor, an electro-magnetic device arranged to remove a portion of the said resistance from the motor circuit upon the initial movement of the controlling mechanism, and

means for restoringthe said ortion of resistance when, the motor reac es a predeter-c I mined speed.

6. Thecombination with an electric motor and controllin mechanism therefor, of a I switch arrange to vary the motor speed, and

means whereby said switch is moved in one directionto increase the motor speed upon mg the initial movement of the control mechanism and is moved in the other direction to decrease the motor speed when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

7. The combination with an electric motor, of means for starting the same comprising a resistance, controlling mechanism therefor, a switch arranged to remove a portion of the said resistance from the motor circuit upon the initial movement of the conand controlling mechanismtherefor, of an .electro-magnetic switch arranged to vary the motor speed, means whereby said switch is closed by the initial movement of the controlling mechanism and opened when the motor reaches a predetermined speed, and connections whereby said switch will not again close until the controlling mechanism is moved to the initial position.

9. The combination with an electric motor and controlling mechanism therefor, of an electro-magnetic switch arranged to vary the motor speed, connections whereby said switch is energized by the initial movement of the controlling mechanism, and an electrically controlled-device arranged to deenergize said switch when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

10. The combination with an electric. motor, of means for starting the same comprising a series of resistances, controlling mechanism for successively short circuiting said resistance, an electro-magnetic switch arranged to short circuita portion of said resistance before it is short circuited by the controlling mechanism, and means for opening said short circuit when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

11. The combination of an electric motor,"

of means for starting the same comprising a series of resistances, controlling mechanism for successively short circuiting said resistances, an electro-magnetic switch, connec- I tions whereby said switch isenergized to short circuit a portion of said resistance upon the initial movement of the controlling mechanism and before it is short circuited by said mechanism, and means for opening said short circuit when the motor reaches a predetermined speed.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of Septem ber, 1907.

LEOPOLI) JANI SCII. Witnesses:

JULIUs RUMLANI), OsK'AR SINGER.

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