US885032A - Fluid packing. - Google Patents

Description

1 2 vR P A D E m N E T A P m AT. BE mm P E Dm zjw .P S

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24. 1907.

mbgmg UNITED STATES Pars SEBASTIAN- ZIANI DE FERRANTI, F GRINDLEFORD, ENGLAND.

FLUID PACKING. v

No. seaoezl Specification of Letters Patent.

" Patented April 21, 19 0s:

Application filed June a, 1907. Serial No. 880,591

To all whom iii-may concern:

Be it knowtf that I, Sumsrmu ZIANI ns FERRANTI, a subject of the .Kin of Great Britain. and Ireland, residing at rindleford, in the county of Derby, England,having invented certain new and useful Im rovements I in Fluid-Packing, of which the to owing is a which the fpacking contacts when sudden variations 0 the load causes whip of the shaft to take place.

My invention consists in the packings-and applications of the same hereinafter claimed, certain examples of the invention beindescribed in detail in order toenable t ose skilled in the art to carry the invention into- Referring to the accompanying drawings] which form part of the specification, Figure 1 shows. generally the application of one form of my imroved packing to the running and standing blades of a pressure flow turbine; Figs. 2 and 3 showcross section and part lan re'spectivelyof a form of the invention in which the bruslfes are wired in lace in grou s; Figs. 4 and 5 show forms in w ich the brus wires are bent over one or more central wires; Figs. 6 and 7 show cross section and part plan-respectively 'of a modification in which a base strip having rectangular-holes is adopted. Fig. 8 being similar but with base-strip and holding ring combined into. a

' PP dummy latch.

ber of fine wires, (1, set in a holding ring, 12, or

- contact with or be in close proximity to'the singlle member; Fig. 9 shows ,one method of ying my invention to a balance or Fig. 10 being a corresponding brusi ackin segment; while F g. 11

shows anot ermet od of applying my inven tion to pistons. The same reference symbols when desirable, are used-to denote corres ending parts on the different drawings whicli are to a considerable extent of a diagrammatic nature.

In carrying my invention into effect according to one form, the packin is constructed in'any convenient manner 0 a large numthe like so that the working 'face of the packingis 0 brush like form an is placed so as to cured to the running blades. b, of the other brushes, of, are shownsecured surface of the shaft or other art at it is desired to reduce the le age to a mum,.thusproviding an exceed] Y ly efficient joint in whichthe necessity for me adxjzustment of the bearings is dispensed with.

Ageneral view of a part of a Parsons or pressure flow turbine fitted with brush packmg aocordin to my'invention is shown in Fig. 1, in wiich the running and stan 7 blades are denoted by the letters, 0 and respectively. The brushes, 0.", are shownsomewhat conventionally in their corre spending holding rings, 1), which are secured in grooves in the turbine casing by means, for instance, of the calking strips, c, the brushes bearing on the shrouding r s, f, se- 'lhfiollders,

by a stiffening ring or shroud, h, riveted to the blades by tangs, a, left on them for that .urpose, the brushes formed in segments or at new wise-as convenient being subsequently sprung into the holders or fixed in any other suitable manner; these brushes bear on the body of the rotor-between the running blades. in otherv cases -I may prefer tofix the brush packingsfto' the shrouding ring of the running 1 lades and allow the brush-like face to contact with or abut against the surface of the stationary member. The brushes should be adjusted in the first instance so as to rub lightly against'the surfaces; they then-after running for a short whilewear down and make their own bearing.

I'shall now describe more in detail, certainmethods whichl have found satisfactory of constructing the brushes though I wish it tobe understood that I do not intend to limit myself tosuch specific forms." Aecor to: one form, the brush wires may be attae'ed to a flat base strip, 70, (see Fig. 1") by. any suitable means such as those used in the manufacture of ordinary brushes, the stripbeing bent so as to form a com lete ring or a part of a r' as required be ore being se cured to the lding ring, b. Thus, I may.

. attach the brush wires in groups of circular,

rectangular or other form by forming holes in r the base strip, k, (see Figs. 2 and 3) and securingthe central portions of the lengths of Wire. forming a given oup in its appropriate hole by'means of, a inding. wire, n, which;

manner common in rus making. I prefierably arrange'the groups in rings in such a manner that they break joint with one anthreads through the mu 8 in turn after the porting it, according to which a circumfer-' ential' groove, 0, is formed by rollin or otherwise so as to leave a tongue, r, w ich can be burred or bent over and so secure the holding ring in place. Fig. 2 also shows that part, .9, of the turbine with which the brushes contact provided with a series of grooves or serrations, t, running circumferentially so as to increase the bafliling action of the packing.

According to another form of construction (see Fig. 4) the brush wires, a, may be bent over a central wire, a, which is then secured in position by the holding ring, I), the side flanges, v, of which are adapted to provide lateral support to the packing. The holding ring, I), may be formed to accommodate more than one ring of packing if desired, (see Fig. 5) and may be formed of dovetailed section to assist in securing it in place. Again, as shownin Figs. 6 and 7, rectangular or other holes may be unched or otherwise formed in the base strip, is, so asto leave intermediate bridges, 'w. The brush wires are then passed up through one of theholes, over a ridge and down through'an adjacent hole, the base stri 'so provided with brushes being then secure in the holding ring, I), as above. As shownin Fig. 8 however, the base strip,

. k, and holding ring, may be integrally combined into one single member, as; in the case shown, which is particularly suitable for a shaft packing, intermediate ribs, 2, separate the brushes into rings, the brush wires of each ring being looped or bent over ap ropriate bars or bridges,.w, shown in dotte lines in the figure, as in the preceding modification.

In any of the forms of packing which I have described.- the wires incline to one side when forced into contact with the opposite surface by whipping of the shaft on account of the relative motion of the contacting parts but in some cases they may be set at a slight angle to the radius to assist this. The packing may be secured either to the stationary casing or to the shaft as convenient. In some cases instead of forming the packing in separate rings around the shaft, it may be distributed in a spiral after the manner of a screw thread, the number of convolutions being of course determined by the difference in pressure of the working fluid at the ends of the spiral; may sometimes arrange brush venting leaka e along the s iral.

In Fig. 9 I ave shown t e ap lication of my invention to a balance or ummy piston, 2. According to one form I provide the piston withrings, 3, two of which, by way of example, are-s own serrated as and for the purpose already described. The packing proper I preferably construct in the form of like partitions transversely to assist in presegments, one of which is shown in Fig. 10, these segments being secured to the turbine casing, 5, in any suitable manner. As shown, however, in Fig. 11, I may dispense with the the rings 3, and adapt a form of packin such as that, for exam le, described wit reference to Fig. 2 to ear directl on the body of the piston. I have also s own in Fig. 11 other forms of serrations, t, t t", which I have found satisfactory the underlying idea as above indicated being to provide annular rojections or ridges which cut into the brus es and so increase the baffling effect.

In applying my invention as a substitute for known form of lab rinth packing for tur-' bine shafts, I may eit er form a special base strip and holding ring combined as already described withreference to Fig. 8 or I may -merely increase the number of rings of brush packing in which case I may either increase the axial len th of the holding ring or use a number of he ding rings arranged side by side as in Fig. 11 according to the pressure difference to be provided for.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination of a machine member; a second member movable relatively thereto; a pluralityof filamentous elements on one of said members and in juxtaposition to the other of said members so as to act as a labyrinth fluid packing.

2. The combination of a machine member, a second member movable relatively thereto; a plurality of filamentous elements associated together so as to form a brush-like structure, and means for retaining said l rush-like stru cture on one of said members and.in'juxtapo sition to the other of said members so as to act as a fluid acking.

3.. The com ination of a machine member, a second member movable relatively thereto; a lurality of filamentous elements forming a abyrinth fluid packing; means for retainin said filamentous elements on one of said members, together with a lurality of grooves in the other of said mem ers in uxtaposition to said filamentous elements and co-aeting therewith to increase the bathing effect.

4. The combination of 'a machine member, a second member movable relatively thereto a plurality of filamentous elements associated together so as to form a brush like structure, means for retaining said brush like structure on one of said members to ether with a plurality of grooves on the other of said members in juxtaposition to said filamentous elements and eo-acting therewith to increase the bafliing efiect.

5. The combination of a machine member; a second member movable relatively thereto; a plurality of filamentous elements bundled ing.

together, means for retaining said bundled filamentous elements on one of said members and .in juxtaposition to the other of said members so as to form a labyrinth fluid pack 6. The combination of a machine member; a second member movable relatively thereto; adense brush-like structure carried by one of said'members and in j uxtaposition to the other of said members so as to j act as a fluid acking.

7. The com ination of plurality of rel atively movable turbine members; a dense in a certain directi'on; amultiplicity brush-like structure carried by one of said members and in juxtaposition to another of. said members so as to act as a fluid packing.

8. The combination of a turbine element and a turbine blade, said turbineparts being relatively movable; together with a dense brush-like structure dis osed between said turbine parts to act as a uid packing.

9. The combination of two machine members relatively movablewith an intervening clearance through which'fluid tends t? lflow on slender elements forming a brush-ii e struc ture carried by and rojecting lengthwise from one of said mem ers and in (i'uxta osition to the other to act as a flui v P s said long slender elements be ng densel massed 1n sald certain direction in whic 10. The combination of two relatively movable machine members, with a fluid packing disposed-therebetween, said fluid packingconsisting of a densely massed aggregation of long slender elements carried by and projecting lengthwise from one of said memers and in juxtaposition to the other of said members so as to brush or sweep said other member under certain conditions.

11. The combination of aturbine element; a series of turbine blades, said element and said blades being relatively movable with an intervening clearance through which'fluid tends to flow in a certain dire-ction, together with a fluid packing disposed between said turbine element and said blades, said fluid packing consisting in abrush-like structure formed of'a multiplicityof long slender elements densel massed in said certain direction in whic saidfluid tends to flow. v

12, The combination ofa turbine element; a series of. turbine blades carrying a steadying stri said element and said strip being relative y movable. with .an interveningclearance through which fluid tends to flow in a certain direction together with a fluid packing disposed'between said turbine element, and said strilp, said fluid packing consisting in a brushke structure formed of a multiplicity of long slender elements densely massed-in said certain direction inwhich said fluid tends to flow.

.elastic members disposed 13. The combination of aturbine element anda series of turbine blades, said element and said blades being relatively rno'vabletogether with a fluid packing having a dense brushvlike structure disposed between said element and said blades. 1

14. The combination of a turbine element and a series of turbine blades carrying a steadying strip, said turbine element and said strip being relatively movable togetherwith a fluid'packing having a dense brushlike structure disposed between said element and 'said strip.

15. The combination of a machine mem- 'ber; a fluid packing having a dense brushlike structure carried by said' memberpa second machine member provided with a plurality of grooves, said firstzmentioned and said second mentioned machine mem-- bers being relatively movable, and said grooves being disposed in juxtaposition to said packing and co-acting therewith.. to increase the bafflingeffect.

. 16. The combination of two machine .members with a fluid packing disposed therebetween, said packing having a dense brush-like structure.

17. Asan article of manufacture a labyrinthfluid packing of bundled filamentous;

elementss I a 18. As an article of manufacture, a fluid packing having a multiplicity of likeflexible elastic members labyrmthally disposed in rinth fluid packing having a multiplicity of filamentous elements massed together to. form a brush-like structure.

23. As an article of manufacture,- a labyrinth fluid packing having a multiplicity of long slender elements massedtogether to form a brush-like structure. I

24. As an article of manufacture, a fluid acking having flexible elastic members each ong in comparison with its width and breadth, said members being closely 'assembled in large numbers both width-wise and breadth-wise to form, a packing having a ke struc-;

cross section large in proportion to the cwss section of the individual members.

' '25. As an'article of manufacture, a fluid packing having 'a multiplicity of long slenden members closely assembled in each of two perpendicular directions at -right angles to their length.

28. As an article of manufacture, a laby rinth fluid packing consisting of a densely crowded mass of long slender elements.

29. As an article of manufacture, a fluid -packing having in combination a base and a densely massed a gregation of long slender elements carried yand projecting lengthwise from said base.

30. As an article of manufacture, alaby rin-th fluid packing having in combination a base and numerous flexible elastic 'members projecting from said base to form a structure discontinuous in two dimensions.

.31. As an article'of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing having in combinationa base and an aggregation offlexible elastic members projecting therefrom and densely massedin two dimensions to form a structure discontinuous in said same dimensions.

32. As anarticle of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing having in combination a base and an aggregation of flexible elastic uniformly members projecting therefrom, said members being uniformly distributed in two dimen sions.

.operative portions uniform y distributed in two dimensions over an area.

35. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing having numerous filamentous members uniformly distributed in two dimensions over an area.

36.. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid acking having numerous wires distributed in two dimensions over an area.

37. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth, fluid packing having numerous long slender elements uniformly distributed in two dimensions over an area.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRAN'll.

' Witnesses:

GEORGE CRosLAND TAYLOR, JAMES CARLTON Srrr'r.

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