US824594A - Concrete-steel construction. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 26. 1906.

E. M. SGOPIELD. CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1.1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906.

E. M. SCOFIBLD.

CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.1. 1904.

No. 824,594. PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906. B. M. SCOPIELD. CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 E. M. SCOFIELD. CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED AUG.1. 1904.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.-

EDSON M. SCOFIELD, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CONCRETE-STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 26, 1906.

Application filed Augusl 1, 1904. Serial No. 219,146-

that they are held in any desired positions relatively to each other and to forms while the concrete is being placed and which shall be an element of strength instead of weakness in the completed structure.

Another object of the invention is-to provide a spacing device which shall serve to tie the reinforcing-bars into the body of concrete in which they are placed to any extent that may be desired.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide a device for spacing the bars of a reinforced concrete construction, which device shall also serve to reinforce said construction against shear and as a necessary consequence tie the bars into the body of the concrete.

Another object of the invention is to provide a means for spacing the reinforcing-bars in concrete-steel construction which shall be self-supporting, as well as convenient to use and inexpensive to manufacture, and which shall be also available, if desired, for the support of hangers or other objects exterior to the concrete for the tieing of the reinforcingbars into the body of the concrete to any extent desired and for the vertical reinforcing of the concrete against shear.

These objects I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, showing my invention in its simplest fo In as employedto space and support reinforcing-bars at proper distances from each other and from forms. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are front elevations, partly in section, showing'various forms of my invention designed to not only support reinforcing-bars at proper distances from each other and from forms, but also to tie said bars into the main body of the concrete, as well as to strengthen said concrete against shear. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a concrete-steel construction em bodying all the various features of my invention. Figs. 8 and 9 are perspective views illustrating my improved spacing device as made in self-supportin form, the former employing that form of the invention shownin Fig. 1 and the latter showing the device as constructed to provide vertical reinforcement for a body of concrete in which it is used.

Fig. 10 is an elevation, to some extent diagrammatic, showing my invention as applied to tie together two series of reinforcing-bars, of which one series is embedded in a floor and the other is in a beam, said figure also illustrating the construction means by which the vertical reinforcing-rods are run into walls and columns. Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional elevations taken on the lines 11 11 and 12 12, respectively, of Fig. 10. Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a concrete-steel beam extending between two parallel steel beams, showing my invention as applied to vertically reinforce the beams independently of the floor and showing the connection of the spacer to the metal beams used. Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 14 14, Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a side elevation similar to that shown in Fig. 10 with the upper series of reinforcing-bars omitted, and Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional elevations taken on lines 16 16 and 17 17, Fig. 15. Fig. 18 is a plan, further illustrating the construction shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 19 is a sectionon 19 19 of Fig. 13, showing a particular method of rendering the spacing-bars self-supporting which may be used with advantage when but two reinforcing-bars are employed. Fig. 20 is a section on the line 2020 of Fig. 13, showing a particular method of makin the spacingbars self-supporting and whic may be used with advantage when only one reinforcingbar is used. Fig. 21. is a plan view of the spacing-bar shown in Fi 20.

As will be understoo by those skilled in in the art, the best results in reinforced concrete floors and girders are obtained when the tensile properties of the steel and the compressive propertles' only of the concrete are utilized to the fullest extent.

Under operating conditions great difficulty has hitherto been experienced in the construction of reinforced floors and girders in supportin the reinforcing-bars in correct positions Whi e the concrete was being placed. The importance of such proper support will be understood when it is noted that to secure the best results the steel intended to take tensile stresses must be located as near the surface of the concrete as possible, while not in any way interfering with the hold of the concrete upon said steel. This necessitates for floorwork that the bars shall be placed from on -half inch to one and onefourth inches from the bottom of the floor, dependin upon its thickness, and in girders from one inc to two and a half inches from the bottom of the girder, depending upon the depth thereof.

When the bars are placed in position in the forms in which the 'rders are to be cast, it. is exceedingly diiiicult to hold said bars in their correct positions, for not only do they rest against the form so as to be exposed when this latter is taken away from the girder, but they are also apt to be moved sidewise, so as to become bunched to an extent which re- 'sults in a weakening of the beam. There is also a possibility in some casesof their being placed too high up in the beam, in which case there is a very material reduction in its strength. In order to overcomethis difficulty and to properly space the bars aswell as tosupport them at any definite distance from the form, I provide wire or bars bent as illustrated in Fig. l and arranged to provide a selfsupporting carrier and spacer for said reiniorcing-bars.

In the above-mentioned drawings, A represents the wooden or other form for a girder or floor, D the 10- itudinally-extending reinforcingbars, an D the spacing device, made, as above noted, of wire or equivalent crete without tending-toform p anes of cleavage. In this case said wire is formed by machinery into convenient lengths, and such forms spacers are afterward out as desired tosuit thework in which they are used. Said wire or bar is made with a seriesof 100 s (1, designed to rest upon the surface a ove which it is desired that the reintorcin -bars shall be supported, said loops being in ig l of. rectangular form. Intermediate of said supporting-loops are other loops (1, formed to hold the bars B at the desired distance abovethe form A. In order that the wire or bar may be selfsupponting, I ofiset alternate ones of the loops (1 in the manner indicated in- Fig. 8, each. loop (1' being therefore connected, as shown, to two loops adjacent to it by means of the loops (1, whose bottom portions are inclined to the lines of the reinforcing-bars B. By extending upward those portions of the spacers D between adjacent reinforcing-bars, as illustrated at d in Fig. 8, said bars may be tied into the upper ortions of the concrete body to any desired extent. When the spacer is formedas in Fig. 9,.the loops d aredepended. upon to support the reinforcing-bars B at aproper distance from the form, and the intermediate loops 11 extend nearly to the top. ofthe concrete, serving to. reinforce the same vertically against shearing stresses. Alternate ones of the loops d? are-extended toeither side of the side spacing loops,

form shown at 11 structure wh'ch beds efficientl in the con loops (1 so as to make the spacer self-supporting. The end elevation ofthis. spacer is shown at D Fig. 13.

Other forms of my invention for the purpose of accurately spacing the reinforcingbars relatively to each other, as Well as to the bottom and sides of the concrete forms, are shown in Figs. 2 to 7, inclusive, 'and Fig. 18, in the first of which the spacing wire or bar 'D is provided with upwardly-extending vloops d which alternate with the points loops d, havin their sides inclined to retain the reinforcingars Biat the-desired distances above the bottom of the term A. A portion of said spacing-wire adjacent to the side of orm is provided with any desaid concrete siredj number of loops d .conseqluently the adjacent one of are he said side.

In Fig. 3 the pointed loop (1 of Fig. 2 is replaced by a twisted loop d, while in Fig. 5- both the bar-supporting loops,.as well as the are formedsimply by other two-inclined sides by which it and the bars B bending toward each of the pointed loops as shown in Fig. 2.-

These are designated by the reference-lets ters (1 Fig. 6 construction as em loyed both for supportingthe reinforcingars and for side spacing, while Fig. 4 illustrates circular loops of the pose. all of these cases the upwardly-extending loo s d areemployedifor the purpose of vertical y reinforcing the concrete con structionand also tying the reinforcing-bars "into the same, it being of course understood that in each case alternate loops are displaced, as indicated in Figs. Sand 9, purpose of making the bars or wire of which they form apart self-supporting.

In Figs. 1 0 to 17. I haveshowna number of typicalconstructions employing spacing:- bars in such manner. that they also serve asvertical reinforcing members.

In Figs. 10 to 12., inclusive, F represents a wall, and G; acolumn, between which extends a concrete-steel beam H, carr ing aportion of a floor K. In this case t ere is in the beam a series-of reinforcing-bars B and in U118 floor a second series of bars B, which are held in properly-spaced relation to each other and to the-forms before the concrete is put in place and are tied to each other and into-the beam after completion. of the-structure by means of the spacing-bars DP and D. In all. the figures the loops inthe spam ingsbars for supporting; the reinforcing-bars above the bottom of the beams have been omitted for the sake of clearness, though it will be understood that in. every base saidspacing-bars may be shaped in some such. form as those illustrated in Figs.- 1 to 9. While the spacing-bars D are referably similar tothose shown in Fig. 9, tiie' 'bars D d at a predetermined distance fromemploycdfor the same pnrfor the;

illustrates the pointed-loophave their end portions d extended at an angle from the beam into the column or wall, as the case may be, it being understood that, if desired, the said ends may be bent back and hooked on to the reinforcing-bars B or formed in any desired manner best suited to tie it into the structure. Both sets of the spacer-bars D and Dextend between the reinforcing-bars in the floor K and those in the lower portion of the beam H, it being noted that the ends (I of the bars D may be extended horizontally into the floor or not, as preferred, and when so extended they offer additional reinforcement to make the floor act with the girder.

In Figs. 13 and 14 there are no reinforcingbars in the floor, the spacer-bars D merely extending from the reinforcing-bars B in the bottom of the beam to the top of said beam and having their ends turned horizontally, as shown at d in Fig. 14. In this case the concrete-steel girder H is supported upon the steel wall-beam f at one end and u on the steel floor-beam g at the other end, t e spacing-barD being bent over the top-of the beam f, as shown, and being self-supporting either by hanging on this beam or by resting on the beam and on the form. The wall end of said spacer D may be extended any required distance into the wall, so as to pro erly tie the girder into the same. T e spacer D is similar to spacer D except that both of its ends support reinforcing-bars B. Fig. 14 shows a spacing-bar D when three reinforcing-bars B are used, while Fig. 19 shows another method of forming the s acing-bar D when only two reinforcingars are used. In order that this construction may be self-supporting, I bend the central loop (Z (shown in dotted lines) down until its extreme end rests upon the form, as in Fig. 19.

Fig. 20 illustrates a method of forming the spacer when only one reinforcing-bar is used, t e two ends of the wire being bent horizontally, as at d", to engage the form on one side and a loop (shown in dotted lines at (1") being bent horizontally to engage the form on the other side, thus making the s acer self-supporting when in lace in the orm. Fig. 21 is a plan view of t e spacer shown in Fig. 20.

In Figs. 15 to 17, inclusive, the construction is similar to that shown in Fig. 10, expiept that there are no reinforcing-bars in the oor.

Fig. 16 shows the column-connection loops (i contained back around the reinforcingbars B, as at d, and ending in the column at d, thereby reinforcing the girder against shear at its point of junction with the column or wall. In a similar manner vertical reinforcement of a beam may be increased as desired at an point by increasing the numberof convo utions in the vertical reinforcing-spacers, or the same object may be accomplished by placing said spacers nearer together or by increasing the size of the ma terial used.

I prefer to have the vertical reinforcingspacers laced at a distance apart equal to the dept of the girder or floor. The action of these vertical reinforcing-spacers is to divide the floor or girder after the manner of a Howe truss, in which the reinforcing-bars B take tension along the bottom of the truss, the vertical reinforcing-spacers D take the tension in a vertical direction, while the concrete takes the diagonal compression between the spacers and along the top of the beam, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

It will be noted that, if desired, the spacing wire or bar may have loops or forms different from those illustrated without in any way departing from the spirit of my invention, which 1s designed to cover, broadly, the use of a spacing-bar which shall maintain the reinforcing-bars in concrete-steel construction at. redetermined distances from each other and from the forms for the concrete, which bar shall be preferably self-supporting and, if desired, extended above the reinforcing-bars, so as to vertically reinforce the concrete structure with which it is used.

As shown in Figs. 3 and, 7 a hanger d for fixtures or any other purpose may be hung from the spacing-bars, there being a suitable hole cut in the concrete form for the passage of said hanger during the placing of the concrete.

I have illustrated in Figs. 7 and 18 a con-' struction which embodies all of the various features of my invention, it being noted that certain of these features were omitted from some of the figures previously referred to for the sake of clearness.

Havin thus described my invention, I claim an desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A spacer consisting of a piece of bar material bent into a series of loops constituting supporting-legs lying adjacent to a single plane and also being of a form to constitute bar-seats, the latter being spaced to support reinforcing-bars at predetermined distances from each other, said loops being laterally displaced to one or the other side of said plane so as to lie at an angle to each other and cause the s acer as a whole to be supported in an upright position, substantially as described.

2. As a new article of manufacture a spacer consisting of a piece of bar material having bar-seats at redetermined distances from each other and bent into such form as to constitute a series of downwardly-extending suporting-legs, of which certain are bent into a oop or loops and constitute side-spacing means, substantially as described.

3. As a new article of manufacture, .a spacer consisting of a piece of bar material bent as a whole into such form as to constitute a series of sup ortin -l havin bar-seats laced at definit z dista nc apart i or holding riei-nform ing-bars at predetermined distances from each other and above a form, alternate ones of said su porting-legs being displaced laterally into 'fierent planes to enga e a support ing-surface at points in difierenfiines so as to maintain the spacer in an upright position; substantially as described.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a spacer consisting of a piece of bar material bent to form a series of supporting-legs and provided with portions bent so as to receive and hold reinforcing-bars at predetermined distances above a form, there being portions of the bars extended in elongated loops beyond the legs, substantially a described. v

5. The combination of a concrete beam, a concrete floor, two series of reinforcingbars, of which one is'in the beam, with a series o-fi substantially vertical spacing-bars placed to also serve as reinforcing-bars and extending into the concrete between said two series. of

reinforcing-bars, the end portions of said -bars boingextended into the floor, and ot er ortions of the bars being bent as a whole to orm supporting-leg portions, substantially as described.

6. The combination of a concrete beam, a concrete structure extending at right an les thereto, a reinforcing bar or bars exten: ing lon 'tudinally through the beam, and a vertica spacing bar or reinforcing bar or bars in engagement with said first reinforcing bar or bars, said spacing bar or bars having an end portion or portions extended into the concrete structure at right angles to. the beam, and other portions bent as a whole to form su substantially as descri ed.

In testimony whereof I havesigned my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDSON M. SCOFIEIQD.

spacin Witnesses:

- G. M. SCOFIELD, J. O. MCALPINE.

porting-leg portions,

bars placed to act as a

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