US816516A - Fluid-pressure turbine. - Google Patents

Description

S SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED MAR. 27, 19GB.

G. WESTINGHOUSB. FLUID PRESSURE TURBLNE. APPLmATioN Hman my 5,1902. ammwnn SEPT. 2o. 1905.

PATENTED MAR. 2?, 1906.

3 SHEBTS-SEEET 2.

INI/ENTOfr` WTNESSES it.

PATENTED MAR. 27, 1906.

G. WESTINGHOUSE.

FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE.

APPLIUMION mmm un 5.1902. nnnnwnn s211120, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

m a. lf? E n4 I. 3 4 J .411. n?. mi. 9 a m @6% M U, 8 a a 44...... .7.65 3.4 W. 235 /mw WITNESSES number of annular sets of moving' blades and UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FLUiD-PRESSURE TUFiBiNE.

No. BJJli Specification of Letters raient. Patented March 27, 190e'.

pplication ied May 6. 1902. Renewed September 20. 1905. Berici No. 279|24'i'.

'/n whom it ntay concern:

Be it known that I, Gsonos Wssrnvof HOUSE, a citizen of the United States, resid ing at Pittsburg, in the count of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, ave invented new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic-huid turbines, and has for an object the reductionn of a muitistage turbine of this c ass in theV initial or primary stage of which veiocity energy due to the conversione! thermai inte-V kinetic energy in the form of veiocit'y is aborbcd or abstracted in a relatively smaii in the remaining stages oi which the workin Huid is fractionally expanded by means'o ait-ornate annular rows oi stationary vanasY and moving biades, whereby energy is de. rived both by impulse or impact and by refaction.

A further object has been to produce a compact and yet efficient doubie-iicw turbinethat is, one which on opposite sides of the center, so far as the stages or sections are concerned, is bilaterali symmetrical.

These as well as ot er objects which are readily apparent to those skilled in this art, I have attained by means of the a aretus de-Q scribed in this specification and 1 liistrated in@ the drawings forming a art of this appiication, and throughout tiie several views of which similar elements are denoted by like characters.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view, partially in front elevation and partialiy in section, of a turbine constructed in accordance with this invention, one end of the frame being broken away. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the turbine parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a detaii sectional view showing a ortion of the inletchambers and two of the nozzles leading therefrom to the blades of the primary stage. i Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a por! tion of the turbine that is shown in sectionnn Fi .1. Fig. Sisaverticalsection through 'tha re eating apparatus shown in Fi i and 272C The turbine here shown is dou ie dow, the two ends of which are exact vduplicates of each other and are so disposed in aiinenient that the working Huid is introduced at the center and is exhausted at the outer ends.

Whiie the invention is intended for utiiizagenerally employed, and for convenience and sim lioity of description steam will be hereina ter referred to as the Huid utilized without any intention of limiting the invention to the use of this specific Huid. Y The traine 1 of the turbine comprises a easing 2 for the steam-using parts, bearings 3 Y for the shaft, and a casing and su ort fi for the overnor. (Not shown.) The inletcham er, with which the inist-port 5 communicates, is indicated as com rising two Yannular chambers 6, separated y a rib or harige havinrr openings 8, which enable the steam to )ass irceiy between the two charnbers .V his flange is employed for strenfrthening urposes only, and so far as the uti ization o the steam is concerned it obviously might be omitted. The outer walls 9 of the chaxnbcrs' are severally provided with annular channels or spaces 10, and adj accnt to and lin' contact with the walis 9 are annular plates 1 1, provided with inclined passages 12, which terminate in removable nozzles 13, the internal diameters of which are small as compared with the diameters of the passages 12, and, if desired, may be made divergent to provide the desired degree of steam expansion. The casing 2 and each of the annular piates 11 are made, as shown, in two arts, though they might be further subdivi ed, if desired, and the segments of the rings 11 are removabiy fastened `to the l corresponding walls 9 by means oi screws 11 or otherwise.

Rigidly mounted upon the main shaft 14 of the turbine is a drum 15, which may be made in various ways, but is herein shown as consisting of four sections 16, 17, 18, and 19, the sections 16 and 18 being exact du licates of each other and the sections 1'? an 19 being aise of like form and dimensions. Each of the sections 16 and 18 consists of a sieeve 20,'ivhich is closely fitted to the shaft 14, a dish-shaped disk 21 surrounding the sleeve and ormin' an integral part oi it, a cylinder surrounding the disk 21, and an annular 'flange 23 surrounding the cylinder 22, the sieeve 20, disk 21, cylinder 22, and the flange all constituting parts of a sin le casting. These drum sections are aii clram ed togetherjby means of bolts 21. n ounted upon Ythe periphery of each of the flanges 23 and riveted t creto is a rin or short cylinder 24, the periphery of w ich isprovided with annular sets of blades 25, arranged side bylside and fastened in position by any suita tion with any suitable elastic fluid, steam is e means. A plurality of ring-segments 24", in which blades 25n are cut, are bolted or otherwise removably fastened to the inner side of each ring or cylinder 24, thus forming a built-up ring having an annular set of blades. This segmental construction permits of ready and comparatively inexpensive repair in case an f of the blades 25i become broken. The b ades of the several sets may vary in length, as shown, so that the velocity energy of the steam issuing from the nozzles will be fractionally abstracted by blades 25a and 25. The portion of each cylinder 22 beyond the flange 23 and toward the end of the drum is provided with a series of annular rows of blades 26, the lengths of which increase progressively from the inner to the outer end of the series. Each of the drum- sections 17 and 19 comprises also a sleeve 27, a dish-shaped disk 28, a short cylinder 29, an extension-flange 30, a cylinder 31 surrounding and supported by lange 30, and one or more plates 32, the parts 27, 28, 29,30, and 31 all constitutin a single casting. The cylinder 31 is provlded wlth a series of annularly-dis nosed sets of blades 33, which vary in length from the inner to the outer set, the rate of variation beingr preferably greater than the rate of variation in the series of blades 26 in the cylinders 22.

The casing 2 is provided adjacent to each of the rings 11 with a ring 34, having annular sets of guide-vanos 35 that alternate with the corresponding blades 25 on the cylinder or ring 24, there being two sets, as here indicated. The internal configuration of the casing is made to conform to the various drumsections provided with blades, a portion 36 corresponding to that portion of the cylinder 22 which is provided with the blades 26, and this portion 36 is provided with a series of guide-vanos 37, disposed in annular sets which alternate in position with the sets of blades and which vary in length from the inner to the outer end of the series. The casing also comprises at each end a length 3S of varying diameter from its inner to its outer end and provided with a series of guide-venes 39, arranged in annular sets that alternate with the sets of blades and are of increasing length from the inner to the outer end of the series.

The several sets of blades and corresponding vanes may be located and fastened in grooves or otherwise rigidly supported in position by any suitable means.

The steam which enters the inlet-port 5 and passes in both directions through the turbine is exhausted at the ends of the cylinders 22 and passes out of the engine through a chamber 40 and an exhaustort 41.

In order to increase the e ciency ofthe turbine, I propose to reheat the steam during its progress through the turbine and for this purpose I provide the casing adjacent to each cylinder 24 with sets of approximately semicircular pipes 42, 43, 44, and 45, the sets of pipes 42 and 43 being separated b a partition 46, and the sets of pipes 44 an 45 being also separated by a partition 47, the partitions 46 and 47 extending nearly across the chambers in which the pipes are located. The corresponding ends of the sets of pipes 42 and 43 are connected by manifolds 48 and 49, and the corresponding ends of the sets ol' pipes 44 and 45 are connected by manifolds 50 and 51. As will be seen by reference to Figs. 1 and 4, the arran ement of these sets of pipes is such that as t e steam leaves the primary stage or section it will pass between and around the pipes 42 and 44, being guided by the partition- plates 46 and 47, and will then pass between and around the pipes 43 and 45 before entering the spaces between the blades 26 and guide-varies 37. In order to reheat the steam at this point, either superheated steam or a superheated liquid-such, for exam le, as water or oilis supplied to two of t e manifolds, say to those marked 48 and 50, through pipes 52 and 53 and withdrawn from the manlfolds 49 and 51 through pipes 54 and 55. Other means may of course be employed for reheating the steam, if desired.

In order to equalize the pressure of the steam in corres ending intermediate arts of the two ends o the turbine and in or er that the steam leaving the outlets to the intermediate stage will be equally distributed to both sections of the low-pressure stage, I provide a passage 56, located outside of the turbine proper, and which extends from the space between the adjacent ends of the cylinders 22 and 32 at one end of the corresponding space in the other end of the turbine.

The operation of the turbine is as follows: The steam, which is admitted to the chamber 6 through the inlet-port 5, passes through the openings 10 and passages 12 and through the nozzles 13, where a portion of its thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity. The energy due to this velocity is abstracted in rows of blades cornprised in this initial or hi h-pressure stage. The steam issuing from the primary stage passes around and between the reheatingcoils before entering the intermediate or secondary stage, comprising blades 26 and vanes 37. The gradually-increasinglength of these blades and vanes provides progressively-increasin space for expansion, and the same are so 4ormed and s aced apart that the expansions occur botli) between the blades in the working rows as well as the vanes in the stationary rows, whereby energy is derived both by impulse and by reaction. The steam then passes between the blades 33 and vanos 39, constituting the low-pressure stage and which are formed and arranged as are those of the intermediate stage, but of course of greater size and length.

siasi It will be understood that my invention 'might be embodied in a turbine which would be substantially represented by what is shown at either side of the center of Fig. 1, with the addition of a suitable balancing means, in which case the steam would be in troduced at one end and exhausted at the other. It will also be understood that the relation of diameters of the different drum and casing sections may be materially varied from what is shown, provided such a relation is secured as will provide a necessary strength of parts and a proper utilization of steam.

The exact structure and relation of parts here shown and described are obviously not essential to my invention, and I therefore desire it to be understood that variations as to form and dimensions may be iliade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim as rn inventionl. In a liui -pressure turbine, thc combination with a shaft and a drum comprising a lurality of sections mounted thereon and aving annular sets of blades, the first and lest of seid sections being of materially greater diameter than the intermediate section or sections, of a cylinder comprising a plurality of sections havin annular sots of varies and ineens for supplying the propelling fluid to the first set of blades in iets at'a given velocity.

2. In a steainturbine, the combination with two drum-sections having radial blades, corresponding cylinder-sections having rad dial guide-venes, and an inlet-chamber having nozzles arranged to expand the steam and project it from said chamber in iets against the Working faces of said blades, of drum and cylinder sections of lesser diameter having sets of radial blades and guide-venes of increasing len th longitudinally of the turbine between which the steam is progressively expanded, and drum and cylinder sections which receive the steam from the intermediete sections and are of greater diameter than the intermediate sections.

3'. In a steam-turbine, the combination with an inlet-chamber, drum-sections at the opposite sides thereof provided with blades, and nozzles through which the steam is expanded to increase its impact velocity and by which it is directed against the working faces of the blades, and drum-sections having sets ol' blades a einst which the steam acts as it is progressive y expanded, the first and last drum-sections being of greater diameter than the intermediate section or sections.

4. In a steam-turbine, a drum-section provided with annular sets of blades and airing comprising a plurality of segments reinov"FY ably attached to oneend of said drinn-section and provided with an annular set of blades.

5. In a ii'iultistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for converting t icrinal energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy iii the formel velocity and moving rows of blades for obstructing the energy due to said velocity, a lowressurc stage divided into two symmetrica sections having separated inlets, and through which sections the working iiuid flows in op posite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said Sections in communication one with the other. ,i

6. in a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for con verting thermal energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy in the forni of velocity and moving rows of blades for abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pres sure stage divided into two sections having separated inlets and through which sections the working lluid flows in opposite directionsl and ii fluid conduit or passa e separated from the interior of the tur ine for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

' 'l' 'in a multistage turbine, liighrassure stage ein iloying expansion-nozzles or convertingtiiernial energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy in the forni of velocity 'and moving rows ci blades for abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a lowressure stage divided into two syminctrica sections having scparated inlets and throuUh which sections the lluid flows in opposite directions, and a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine for placing the inlets to said sections in commu* nicatioii one with the other, Y Y

S. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expaiisioniiozzlcs for converting thermal energy of the working Huid into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and 'inox-'ing rows of blades for ahstracting the energy duc to said velocity, a low-pressure stage divided into two sections having separated inlets and through which sections the working fluid ilows in opposite axial div rections, and a lluid conduit or passage sep ara-ted from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said sections in coininunlcntioii one with the other.

il; in a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage cui iloyiiig expansion-nozzles for converting thermal energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy in the torni of velocity and moving rows of blades for abstracting the energy duc to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows ci stationary venes and moving blades Where- VYby the working fluid is fractionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being .dn vided into two symmetrical sections having TOO IIO

separated inlets and through which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

l0. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for convertin thermal energy of the working fluid into lirinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the workin fluid is fraetionally expanded and energy erived both by impulse and bv reaction; said low-pressure stage being divided into two symmetrical sections having se arated inlets and through which sections tiie workin fluid flows in opposite axial directions, anc a fluid conduit or passage for placing the inlets to lsaid sections in communication one with the other.

,11. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for eonvertinflr thermal energy of the working fluid into rinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for fractionally abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fractionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being divided into two symmetrical sections having separated inlets and through which sections the workin fluid flows in opposite axial directions, an a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

12. In a multistage turbine, a higli-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for converting thermal energy of the working fluid into iinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for fractionally abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fractionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being divided into two symmetrical sections having separated inlets and through which sections the workin fluid flows in opposite axial directions, am? a fluid conduit or passage for placing the inlets to said seetions in communication one with the other.

13. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for eoiivertin thermal energy of the working fluid into inetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fractionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being d1- vided into two sections having se arated inlets and through which sections tlie working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

14. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for eonvertin thermal energy of the working fluid into rinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fraetionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being d1- vided into two sections having separated inlets and through which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

15. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for convertincr thermal energy of the working fluid into liinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for fractionally abstracting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fractionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage being divided into two sections having separated inlets and through which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to said sections in com munieation one with the other.

16. In a multistage turbine, a high-pressure stage employing expansion-iiozzles for convertin thermal energy of the working fluid into inetic energy in the form of veloc it i and moving rows of blades for fractionally abstracting the energ f due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the werking fluid is fraetionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said lowpressure stage being divided into two sections aving se arated inlets and through which sections tie workinr fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and a fluid conduit or passage for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

17. In a multistage turbine, a high-pres- IOO sure stage employing expansion-nozzles for convertin thermal energy of the working fluid into inetic energy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for obstructing the energy due to said velocity, e low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary venes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is frfictionslly expended and energy derived both by impulse end by reaction; seid low-pressure stage being divided into two symmetrical sections located at opposite ends of the turbine and through which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and s fluid conduit or passage seperated from the interior of the turbine proper for placing the inlets to sind sections in communication one with the other,

18. In a multistage turbine, a. high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles lor converting thermal energy of the working lluid into kinetic energy in the forni of veloce ity sind moving rows of blades for ubstincting the energy due to said velocity, n low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is frectionally expended and energy derived both by impulse sind by reaction; seid low-pressure stage being d1- vided into two symmetrical sections located et opposite ends of the turbine and through `which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, :nulo fluid conduit or passage for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the other.

i9. In i multistage turbine, s high-pressure Stege employing expansion-nozzles fog' converting thermal ene'gy of the working fluid into liinetic energy in the fo m of velocitv and moving rows of blades for fractionnlly ebstiecting the energy due to seid velocity, e low-p1essu e Stege employing alte nate annular 'rows of Stationii'xy venes and moving blades Wheteby the working fluid is f1'actioiiaily expended und ene-gy de'ived both by impulse and by reaction; said lowpiessure stage being divided into two symineti'icel sections located at opposite ends of the turbine end through which sections the wei-king fluid flows in opposite oxinl directions, sind a fluid conduit or passage separated from the interio'.l of the tir-'bine propo: for placing the inlets to said sections in comnninication one with the other.

20. In it multistage tu;bine, e high-psoesui'e stage employing expansion-nozzles fo; convei'ting thermal enegy of the working fluid into inetic enegy in the form of velocity and moving rows of blades for fractiona y abstiecting the energy due to seid velocity, a low-pi'cssuie Stege employing elternate annuler rows of stationary venes and moving blades whereby the woking' fluid is fi'ectionally expanded and energy de ived both by impulse and by reaction; seid lowlocity, a low-pressure stage employing site i S pressure stage being divided into two symmetrical sections located at opposite ends of the turbine and tliL-ougli which sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and e fluid conduit o'.I passage for plee ing the inlets to seid sections in communicetion one with the otheg'.

21. In n'multistage turbine, e higli-pi'es sure stage employing expansion-nozzles for eonvegxtin thermal energy of the woi'king fluid into liinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving 'rows of blades for nbsti'acting the energy due to seid velocity, a low-pressui'e stage employing eltenste annula: rows of stationery venes and moving blades whereby the workin fluid is fLactionelly expended end energy erived both by impulse sind by reaction; seid low-pressure Stege being divided into two sections located at opposite ends of the turbine and tlilough which sections the workin fluid flows in opposite axial directions, enr e fluid conduit or pessege separated from the intelioi of the tuibine propei for placing the inlets to said sections in communication one with the otlie.

22. In e iiiultistnge turbine, e high-pressure stage employing expansion-nozzles for convei'tin thermal energy of the working fluid into inetic energy in the form of velocity nnd moving rows of blades for ebst'sacting the enei^gy.due to said velocity, a low-pmssuie stage employing nltcnete annuler rows of stationary venes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fi'sictionally expended and energy coleved both by impulse and by reaction; said low-pressure stage'being divided into two sections located at opposite ends of the turbine end through which sections the workin fluid flows in opposite axial directions, en a fluid conduit or pas sitge for placing the inlets to seid sections in communication one with the other.

'23. in e multistage turbine, e high-pressure Stege employing expansion-nozzles for convertin thermal energy of the working fluid into inetic energy in the form of velocity end moving rows of blades fo;I fiectlonally abstcecting the energy due to said ve nete annular rows of stationary venes en'c moving blades whereby the working fluid is frectionelly expended end energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; seid lowpiessure ste e being divided into two seetions locate( et opposite ends of the turbine and through which sections the working huid flows in opposite axial directions, and a iluid conduit or passage separated from the inteiioi of the turbine p'gope; foi' placing the inlets to seid sections in communication one with the otlier.

24. In e multistage turbine, e high-pressurestiige employing expansion-nozzles fo; convertiti fluid into inetic energy in the foi-m of velocthermal energy of the working IOO IOS

llo

ity sind moving rows of blecles for fraction ally ubstraoting the energy due to said velocity, a low-pressure stage employing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the working fluid is fraetionally expanded and energy derived both by impulse and by reaction; said lowpressure stage being dlvifled into two sections located et o posite ends of the turbine io and through whic 1 sections the working fluid flows in opposite axial directions, and e Huid In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub- I 5 scribed my name this 25th da of A ril, 1902.

GEO. WESTlrN G OUSE. Witnesses:

WM. H. CAPEL, H. C. TENER.

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