US815833A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

... MJN -MP No. 815,833. PATEN'TED MAR. 20,1906.

D. HU'RLBY. A GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APP JIOATION FILED SEPTv I 1905.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1L I nventor,

m A Dnielfiurley;

. J LLy.

No. 815,833. PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906.

' D. H RLBY.

' GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT 1, 1905 6 SHEETS-'SHEBT 2.

Wib'nes es: v I v I I I nvenbor, \fifflbw N N Dani el l ur-Iey,v

M M 4 M P a tdy.

No. 815,833. PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906.

I D. HURILEY.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINESF ION FILED SEPT, 1 1905- I o LUy.

PATENTEI) MAR. 20, 1906.

D. 'HURLEY. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLIOATIOK FILED SEPT. 1. 1905. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Inventor; Daniel Hurley.

- o ujy,

N0 815,833. PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906. D. HURLEY.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

I 'APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 1, 1905.

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Inventor? Daniel Hut-Lay I a o tty ll A,

- Wsses:

' UNITED STATES. PATENTIOFFIGE.

DANIEL HURLEY,-OF PRovmENca RHoDE ISLANQASSIGNOR TO GEN- ERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM Fon 'rumamss.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

- Application filed September 1,1906. Serial No. 276.669-

1'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL HURLEY, a'citi- 4 zen of the United States, residing at Provideuce-,county of Providence, and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and 7 useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the I the same, taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

followingis a s ecification. The present Invention relates to governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines, and has.

for its objeqt to provide an eflective governsimp e, compact, and of a rugged chara ter. In the accompanying drawings, whichillustrate embodiments of my-invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of aturbine of the Curtis type together with a generator driven thereby. Fig. 2 is a sectional and partial plan vile lw of g. 3

- is a sectional view, partly in elevation,,of the valve-operating mechanism, the section being taken on line 3 3 of 5 Figs. 4 to 7, inclusive, show the four principal positions of the valve actuating mechanism. Fig. 8 is a view in side elevation with certain of the parts and sections of a slight modification,

wherein the valves are opened by a pulling action of the dogs instead of by a pushing ac-v and driven thereby is an electric generator 4.

The main shaft 3 1s common to the rotating elements of the turbineand the ener'ator.

The upper end of the shaft is rovi edwith aspeed-responsive device whic is surrounded by the dome 5. 1 Motion from the device to.

the valve mechanism is-imparted by means of the bell-crank-lever 6 and will hereinafter a pear:

The present va ve-gea'r depends for its action upon a motive device WhlOh is constantly moving to andfro either in astraight line or. in the arc'of a circle.

, In order to transmit motion from the main shaft of the turbine to saiddevice, which may for thepurposesof. this description be called a steam-lever, the

ing mechanism wherein the valves are ositlvely actuated by mechanical means-w I ch 1s cal movements.

other. parts, as

- following mechanism is employed: Mounted on the main shaft at a pointbelow the middle bearing 1s a ear 7, meshing with'a pinion 8, the latter being mounted on a horizontal 'lshaft'carrying a worm 9 for transmitting its motion to the worm-wheel 10. The wormwheel 10 is mounted on a'suitable-shaft, that carries a disk 11 at its outer end. On the disk is mounted-a crank-pin which is con-. nec'ted' by the connectin -rod 11 'with the arm.12, the latter being ieyed or otherwise connected to the steam-levers which actuate the valves.

As many valves maybe provided as are desired. These valves may regulate the ad mission of steam or other elastic fluid to the turbine, or theymay regulate the passage of steam from one stage to the next in a multi- 'sta emachine. I may provide each valve Wit a separate stem, or two or more valves may be provided with the same stem and so located that one valve will control the admission of steam to the turbine, another valve the assage of steam from one stage to anotheroi lower pressure, and \so on. The

number of admission-valves can be increased .or decreased from that shown in the drawings. They are designed to operate succes sively'both in opening and in closing, under normal conditions but'under abnormal conditions the governor may so shift the parts that two ormore of the valves in the same stage Patented March 20, 1906.

will open'or close simultaneously, or practiy callyso', to satisfy any sudden change indoad. Since all of the valves and their actuating mechanisms are alike, a detail description of one of them will be suflicient. l

13 represents the stem of an imbalance admission-valve located in the chest 14, Fi s.

1 .and 2, and controllin the passage of t e .-motive fluid to the nozz e or nozzle-sections 15 of the turbine- The stem is provided with one or more guides 16 for directing its verti- I prefer to have a guide 'above'as well as below the actuating mechan ism. In the present embodiment of the in-' vention the valveis attached to the lower end of the stem. 1 At one side of the center of the valve-stem it-is slightly flattened, and the ends of the flattened ortion are 'rovided with shoulders forms of detacha le har- 'dened'steel blocks 17. Mounted in one of the uides is a spring-pressed lunger 18 that is a apted to enter a beveled epression in the .30 tion on the valve.

I other portion which valve-stem, and thus serve to hold the valve in a definite open position with respect to its seat. In Fig. 3 the valve is assumed to be wide open. When the valve is seated, it is unbalanced,'and hence the pressure of the steam in the chest serves to keep it closed.

Situated at one side of the valve-stem and extending at right an'le's thereto is a fixed spindle 19, upon whic the steam-levers are loosely mounted. To one of the levers is attached the downwardly-extending arm 12, which in turn is .connected by the connecting-rod 11 with the main driving-shaft, and as the connecting-rod moves to and fro a rocking or to-and-fro motion is im arted to the steam-lever. In order that al of the steam-levers may be driven from the same crank-shaft, they are united by the horizontally-extending bars 22. They may also be united by rods 23 and 24, acting as pivots for the actuating- dogs 25 and 26. The dogs are-normally pressed into engagement with the valve-stem by fiat springs 27 and 28, mounted on the frame-pieces 22. The toe of each of the pivoted dogs is adapted to engage one of the shoulders 17 on the valve-stem, and by a pushing action open or close the valve. The dog 25 is provided with a tail portion 29,,that is adaptedv to govern its ac- The dog 26 is provided with a tail portion 30 for the same purpose. Surrounding the spindle 19 and loosely mounted thereon is a sleeve 31, upon which the twoart shields 36 for governing the action 0 each pair of dogs are mounted. Each part of these shields is provided with a cut-away portion, as indicated at 37, and anresents an unbroken cylindrical surface to t e tail of the dog. One part of the shield controls the action of the upper dog and the other the action of the lower do In order that these dogs shall not-.inte ere with each other in their action, they are slightly ofiset and under certain conditionsoverlap. It will be noted in Fig. 3 that. the tail portion of the upper dog is situated in. the out-away portion 37, which means that the spring 27 is holding the dog in a. position to engage the upper shoulder on the. valve-stem. It will also be seen that the tail-portion of the lower dog is riding on the peripheral surface of'the shield and that the dog is held in an inoperative position against the stress of the flat spring 28'. Assuming now that the steam-lever is rocked about the axis of the spindle 19, the upper dog 25 will move until' it just touches the shoulder 17,

when its motion will be reversed by reason of the reversal of motion of the connecting-rod 11, and the dogs will move downward. So

' long as the lower dog 26 is held in the position shown the rocking or to-and-fro movemerits of the steam-leve will have no effect;

but -just as soon as the'shield is shifted. so

that the upper dog is thrown out of engagement and the'lower dog into engagement with the valve-stem, the next stroke of the steam-lever will close the valve, it being understood that a sin le stroke of the steamlever closes the valve and a single stroke 0 ens it. It is evident from the foregoing t at as the load changes it will become nocessary to cause this dog or that to engage the valve-stem and actuate the valve. 'lo accomplish this, the parts 35 and 36 of each. shield are mounted upon the sleeve 31 and fastened by screws or other devices. These shields are set one behind the other by such amount as will cause the valves to normally open one after the other and close in like order. To the sleeve 31 is attached an arm 38, the latter being connected by the rod 39, bellcrank lever 40, Fig. 1, adjustable connectingrod 41 with the bell-crank lever 6, which responds to changes in position of the shaftgovernor. As the shaft-governor changes its position it shifts the shields of the different valves to such ositions that the proper relation between t e motive fluid admitted and the load is established. Under normal conditions some of the valves are opened, someof the valves are closed, and at least one valve is opening and closing more or less frequently for regulating purposes. When the load on the turbine is at a maximum, all of the valves will be open except the last, whichwill 0 en and close rather slowly to compensate or minor load changes. For a definite load the shields for the different valves will remain stationary, while all of the steam-levers are constantly moving to and fro at any predetermined ratefor example, one hundred strokes per minute. The upper dogs work by a push action to 0 en the valves, and the lower dogs by a pus 1 action to close the valves. It is preferable to locate the axes of the dogs as near as possible to the stem, so that the push will be nearly in a straight line, and hence not force the stems over against the opposing surfaces of the guides 16.

Referring to Fig. 4, the steam-lever 20 is shown in its extreme upper position, and the dog 25 is in engagement with the shoulder on the valve-stem. The position of the part 35 of tlga shield is such that the dog. is permitted to assume the position shown. The position of the part 36 of the shield is, however, so disposed as to hold the lower dog 26 out of action.

In Fig. 5 the steam-lever 20 is shown at the end of its downward stroke, the dog 25 havingmoved downward over the flatt ned face of the valve-stem, the relative position of the dog 26 with respect to the steam-lever remaining unchanged. The next stroke of the steam-lever 20 in the upward direction will merely raise the dog 25 until it touches the j upper shoulder of the valve-stem. In other words, the dogs do no work except when it is-necessaryto move a valve. t In Fig. 6 the valve is shown in the closed position, with the steam-lever 2Q in its ex-, treme upper pcesition. In this case the art of the shi is moved to a position w ere it engages the tailpiece of and holdsthe do 25 out of action. The part 36 of the 'shiel has, however, been moved by the governor to a point where the tail iece of thedog'26 erative position.

stead of a push action. I In this figure 42 rep resentsthe steam-lever, which is supported and actuated in the manner previous y described. 43 and 44 are dogs loosely pivoted v on the steam-lever and normally pressed into engagement with thevalve-stem b the flat springs 45. The up erdog'is provi" ed with a tailpiece 46 and the ower one'with a tailpiece 47. The former cooperates with the part 48 i of the shield'and the latter. with the art 49 'of the shield. 'Owingto the fact t at .the.

dogs act by a pulling action instead of a is cut awa pushing actionilthe connection between the governor and t e arm 38 has to be reversed. This construction has the advantage that the axes of the dogs can be arranged directly in line with the points of engagement of the dogs, and in this way eliminate any side thrust upon the parts.

Referringizo Figs. 9 to12, inclusive, I haveshown a modification of my invention, 'wherein the shields for controlling the dogs are laced inside of the valve-stems, thus slmpliying the parts, reducing the size of the a paratus as a whole, and eliminating some 0 the structural difficulties involved in mounting a number of individually-moving parts on the same spindle 19, as in the prevlous figure. represents the valve-stem, which is bored longitudinally to receive theshield 51. The shield in the present instance takes the form of a cylindrical rod containing the transverse notches 52 and 53. These notches corres ond in function to the depression in thec [lmdrical shields. previously referred to. T e

steam-lever for each valve is mounted on the spindle 19 and receives its motion therefrom; The spindle is keyed to and moved by the arm 12, the latter receivin motion from the connecting-rod 11. In a dition to the cylindri'cal opening in the shield the valve-stem 56 of the ogs 57 and 58. With the parts as shown in Fig. 9 the upper dog 57 is active and the lower dog 58 inactive. As the steam-le at 54 to receive the tails and 'ver moves downward about its axis the wall of the de ression 52 gradually moves the dog 57 to t -e position shown. in Fi 10, while the tail. portion 56 of the lower og .merel rides. downward 'onthe-surface of'the' shiel 'sition, while the steam-lever is in the raised position. The position of the shield 51.-has

een so changed by the governor, which is ator depression 52 no longer afiects t e move- -ments of the u per dog 57, while the lower de- 'pression 53,- w 'ch was. formerly inactive, is now iactive and controlling the in and-out movements of the dog 58. In Fig; 12 the valveis shown in'the closed position, as bevbut the steam-lever'is new at itslowest position, and thede ression 53 006 crating with the fiat spring as'permitted the iower dog to dro into its normal operative position.

typified by those in Fig. 8, as wi 1 be readily understood. 5

As stated in connection with the previous figures, only one stroke of thesteam-lever is necessary to open or close a valve, and sub- ,the valve, has been opened or closed have no effect-thereon until such time as the governor machine, the shields'for-the different valves are connectedto ether'in sucha mannerthat they will cause t e valves -to open and close 4 one after'the other for normal load changes or close' simultaneously for abnormal load chan es. A satisfactory means for accomother in point of operation.

The invention has been nection with a steam-turbine having a plurality of valves; but it is within the scope of .my invention to provide the turbine with only one regulating-valve and.to open and close it in accordance to the demand for motive fluid. I may; utilize this feature in sta e-valve, or with a single admission-valve an a stage-valve either mounted on the same or separatestems- The several constructions, as shown and described, possess -stem,whe re it can readily be seen by the operator, and, further, the arrangement described reduces the over-alldimensions of the mechanism to the In Fig. 11 the valve is shown in the closed po-' tached to the upper end, that the upper notch fore, the shield keeping the same position;

makes a change in the position of the shield. 1 due to a change in load. Where a number of .valvesare employed-in governing the same I and to permit twoor more valves to open j described in con- ,1

.85 V Instea of using dogs that, operate by a pushing action to-move the valves, I mayemploy I dogs which operate by a pulli-n action, as

sequent movements of the steam-lever'after plishlng. this is to connect all of the shields together and set the notches or depressions 52 and 53 of the several shields onebehind the connection with an admission-valveor with'a re o . the advantage that all of the actuating mechanism can be located on one side of the valve- In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principles of operation of my invention, together with-the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means. What I'claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stem for the valve, a lever situated at one side of the stem, dogs mounted thereon which engage the stem, and actuate the valve, a ivot for the lever situated on the same side of ashield responsive to load changes for controlling the effective action of the dogs.

2. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stem for the valve, a lever situated Wholly on one side of the stem, dogs mounted thereon which engage the stem and actuate thevalve, tailpieces for the dogs, a

shield which cooperates with the tailpieces to control; the effective action of the dogs, 'and a load-responsive device for moving the shield.

3. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a stem forthe valve, alever right angles thereto, a valve-opening and a other, and a speed-responsive valve-closing dog mounted on the lever, tailpieces for the dogs, a shield for governing the effective action of the dogs onthe valve, depressions into which the tails of the dogs enter as the lever is moved from one osition to the device for moving the shield.

5. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of regulating-valves, steam-levers for the valves situated wholly onone side thereof, a pivot common to the levers and situated on the same side of the. valves, dogs mounted on the end of the levers adjacent to the stems, shields for controlling the action of the dogs which are alsomounted on the same side of the valves, the said shields beingset to give successive action of the dogs 66 on the valves, and a shaft-governor for shiftthe stem as the dogs, and

ing the position of the dogs as the load chan es.

6. n a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a ivoted steam-lever, dogs mounted on" the ever for opening and closing the valve by a ulling action, and a s eed responsive device that determines WhlCll dog shall act on the valve.

7. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of valves, ivote'd steamlevers which open and close t e valves by'a pulling action, shields that determine which dog or do s shall act on the valve or valves, and a loa -responsive device that moves the shields. I

8. In a governing mechanism, the combination of an unbalanced valve which is held against its seat by fluid-pressure, a lever for opening and closing it, a motor for constantly keeping the lever moving to and, fro, a governor for controlling the action of theleveron the valve, and a spring pressed plunger which engages the valve-stem and holds the valve open when released by the lever.

9; In a governing mechanism, the combination of a regulating-valve, a stem therefor, a lever which has a constant to-and-iro motion, a dog carried by the lever for moving the valve, a shield located in the valve-stemfor determiningthe effective. action of the dog on the valve, and a load-responsive device for actuating the shield.

10. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a re ulating-valve, a stem therefor having shoulders thereon and containing a longitudinal opening, a steam-lever whlch has a constant to-and-fro motion, dogs carried by the lever and arranged for engagement with the shoulders, a shleld for controlling the effective action of the dogs, which is located in the longitudinal opening in the valve stem, and a speed responsive device which actuates the shields.

1 1. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a plurality of regulatingvalves,

erforated stems therefor, steam-levers which ave a constant to-and-fro motion for opening and closing the valves, shields that are located in the stems for controlling the effective action ofathe levers on the valves, and a s eed-responsive device that causes the shie lds to act on the dogs in a manner to produce successive movements of the valves.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of August, 1905.

DANIEL HUitLEY.

Witnesses:

ALEX. F. MACDONALD, COMPTON D. BRAY.

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