US799649A - Incandescent gas-burner. - Google Patents

Description

No. 799,949. PATENTED SEPT. 19, 1905.

J. HUDLER. INGANDESGENT 99s BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Jwa afiffudler Inventor Attorneys BIO- 799,649-

, PATENTED SEPT-19, 1905. J. HUDLER. INGANDESGENT GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION TILED IBB. 4,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

mnnew. B. GRMAM c0. mom-umocmmans, wlsnmowu, n C.

UNITED STATES PnTENT OFFICE.

INCANDESCENT GAS-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 19, 1905.

Application filed February 4, 1904. Serial No. 191,930-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OSEPH HUDL'ER, director, a subject of the King of Saxony, residing at Glauchau, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Gas-Burners, of which the following is a specification.

Hitherto in producing incandescent gaslight it has always been the practice to conduct the Bunsen flame employed for heating the mantle through the latter in the direction of its longitudinal axis and to avoid contact between the point of the flame and the walls of the mantle. In order to bring the mantle to as perfect a state of incandescence as possible, two points must be observed with the apparatus ordinarily employed: First, the form of the Bunsen flame must approximate as nearly as possible to that of the mantle, or vice versa, in order that the contact between flame and mantle may be as uniform and complete as possible; second, an ample supply of air must be conducted to all parts of the flame and mantle.-

To permanently fulfil the first condition in practice has hitherto been impossible, as the mantle from the moment it has undergone the burning-off process continually changes in shape and as the Bunsen flame shapes itself according to the pressure in the pipe, being thus likewise subject to perpetual alterations.

The second condition is sought to be met by means of a draft-creating deviceviz., a chimneywithout, however, as is Well known, perfectly satisfactory results having been obtained. With the well-known and most usual vertical incandescent gas-burners the chimney conducts the outside air to the bottom of the flame and compels it to rush through. the chimney and mantle in the same direction as the flame. Thus there is the disadvantage, first, of imperfect mixture of this air of com bustion with the burning gases -that is to say, the combustion is slowand incomplete;

secondly, the upper part of the flame, and

therefore of the mantle, is surrounded with air poor in oxygen and already consumed in heated, not by a Bunsen flame'lying coaxially with the mantle, but by one or more Bunsen flames which do not burn parallel with but are inclined or lie at right angles to the longitudinal axis-of the mantle and with their tips directed toward the direction of motion of the current of air of combustion, and, furthermore, it is not the sides, but the tips of the flames which contact with the mantle.

The accompanying drawings show several examples of burners constructed according to my invention.

Figure 1 is an elevation and part section of a burner designed for simple or single lamps. Fig. 1 is an end View of the same. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a cross-section, of a double burner. Fig. 3 is an elevation and part section of a simple burner in combination with a special form of pendant. Fig. 4 is an under-side view of a modified construction of burner. Figs. 5 and 6 are elevations of two further types of burner. Fig. 7 illustrates in side elevation guards for the purpose of preventing injury to the mantle.

The burner employed is a Bunsen burner, which, however, is so arranged that the bu rnertube (0 instead of standing vertically,as hitherto, lies horizontally or slightly inclined to the horizontal. This arrangement is essential to the invention. Furthermore, the tube a instead of being open is closed at the end 6 opposite the gas inlet nozzle. On the other hand, its periphery, and especially the downwardlydirected.half of the latter, is provided with the perforations 0. so that the jets leave the tube a at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the latter.

The apertures 0 may be small holes, as shown in Fig. 1, or slots, as shown in Fig. 2, or they may be of any other suitable form; but in any case they must be such that on the surface of the tube (60118 or more rows of jets or flame are formed, the rows running parallel with the longitudinal axis of the tube to. Over the Bunsen tube thus constructed a mantle (l is pushed. This may be done in such manner that the entire length of the upper half of the mantle rests upon the tube a, which thus serves as a means of support for the mantle, or the latter may be provided with a special holder or support, if desired. The mantle (Z can, as shown inFigs. 2 and 3, either lie fiat upon the tube a or on elevations 10, Fig. 1, furnished at certain distances apart on the tube a. In consequence of this arrangement, as will be readily understood, the surrounding air, which, owing to the heat generated by the burner, naturally plays round the I latter in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, will meet the burning jets issuing vertically downward from the apertures c. and particles of air free from products of combustion will be fed continuously to the jets.

The quantity of the pure air of combustion thus flowing through the mantle is always a function of the horizontal projection of the mantle, or, in other words, the cross-section of the column of air flowing to the mantle is always equal to the projection of the mantle on the horizontal plane. The horizontal projection of a mantle arranged in the ordinary manner viz. vertically-is relatively small that is to say, it is equal to a circle the diameter'of which is. equal to the diameter of the mantle. In the present case, on the contrary, this projection of the horizontal or inclined mantle is considerably greater-that is, it is equal to a rectangle one side of which is equal to the diameter of the mantle and the other side equal to the length of the mantle. The size of this projection area, which determines the favorable combustion in the burner-that is to say, the size of the aircolumn streaming to the mantleis in the case of the new arrangement about three and one-half times that of an ordinary vertical burner for the same size of mantle and same consumption of gas. In consequence of this increased supply of air and of the flow being toward the flame the latter will be short, and

therefore hot, and will thus render the mantle highly and brightly incandescent.

The mantle will glow most brightly below the axis of the burner. The elevations w (shown in Fig. 1) on the top portion of the burner in addition to supporting the mantle serve the further purpose of enabling the hot gases to circulate and contact with the mantle above the tube a also, and thus bring the up permost part of the fabric to a state of incandescence and illumination.

The mantle (Z employed with my new burner may be closed at one end, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or at both ends, as shown in Fig. 3, where mica disks g are employed for this purpose. or the mantle (Z may be open at both ends-that is to say, may be of tubular shapewithout the action of the burner being in any way injuriously affected.

A particular advantage of the new burner over prior burners is the following: The burner-tube a, and thus the row of jets c that is to say, the row of holes or slots, slits, or the like-may be of any desired length. It also offers no practical'difficulty to the manufacture of tubular mantles of any suitable length. With my improved burner,therefore, it is extremely easy to manufacture mantles of any desired superficial area or size, and therefore illuminating power, without the advantage of complete combustion with short flame having to be to any extent relinquished by making the length of the burner-tube a and its apertures c and the length of the tubular mantle d all of suitable dimensions, and, vice versa, burners of the smallest illuminating power (with only one or two apertures 0) are easy to manufacture. The well-known burners with vertically-pendent mantle, for obvious reasons, as regards their incandescent surface and their illuminating power are not so easy to manufacture and are not variable within such widelimits, for with any increase in the size of the flame the difficulty of sufiicient air-supply arises, whereas, onthe other hand, especially on reducing the flame, the condition that the periphery of the flame shall coincide with that of the mantle cannot be fulfilled. Furthermore, in order in the case of ordinary burners to alter the area of the incandescent surface the diameter of the mantle must be altered, which, however, for practical reasons is only permissible within very close limits; likewise alterations of the diameter of the Bunsen burner, of the chimney, &c.

The mantle (Z according to the new burner can be provided with a guardfor instance, in the form of a roof-shaped or other reflector or the like for the purpose of preventing the mantle being injured by external mechanical influences.

The two constructions shown in Figs. 1 and 3 for simple burners differ only in respect to the heat-insulating device for preventing heating of the cock For this purpose the mixing-tube of the Bunsen burner in Fig. l is simply constructed of some material which is a bad conductor of heat.

In Fig. 3 the burner-tube a is held between two points f and it only, so that there are only very small contacting surfaces between. the tube a and the yoke-shaped pendant i, and therefore only a very small portion of the heat of the tube a can possibly reach the nozzle m and the cock 0. The points 7t leave the necessary and ordinary apertures to the tube a for entrance of mixing air free. The nut Zserves for pressing the tube a firmly against the point f. The arrangement may, however, be such that the points f h are dispensed with and the tube a simply so suspended, by means of two chains is, from the yoke i that it hangs freely in front of the nozzle m, as may be seen in Fig. 7. The double burner shown in Fig. 2 has a common mixing-tube n, with two or more lateral branch burner-tubes a. This construction also can be furnished with means for preventing the conduction of heat and the like, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. This burner can also be constructed as simple burner with but one tube a, if desired.

With the burner shown in Fig. 2, in which from a common mixing-tube only two, or it may be several, burner-tubes a branch, asecondary air-supply of any desired extent can be fed to the issuing gas to be burned, the illuminating-surface being increased at the same time, for the more burner-tubes a that branch from the common mixing-tube n the greater the illuminating-surface without the consumption of gas being increased and the more outside or secondaryair is fed to the same quantity of gas.

The burner tube a instead of being provided with a single broad slot 0 may be furnished with two or more narrow slots 0, as shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 shows a construction of burner in which the burner-tube a is conical, the apex being at the outer end. In this manner an ordinary mantle with open top can be pushed over the burnerstube, and the usual reinforced fabric of the mantle-top constitutes a bearing resting on the burner-tube a.

In Fig. 6 a burner is shown in which the burner-tube a is bent at right angles, the vertical limb being pushed over the mixing-tube n of an ordinary Bunsen burner.

Having thus described my invention, Iclaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- 1. In combination, an incandescent gasburner having a Bunsen burner-tube closed at one end and located at an angle to the ordinary vertical position of such tubes and peripherally perforated on its lower side, and an incandescent gas-mantle encircling and resting upon the upper side of the tube, substantially as described.

2. In combination, an incandescent gas burner having a Bunsen burner-tube closed at one end and located at an angle to the ordinary vertical position of such tubes and peripherally perforated on its lower side, and having peripheral elevations on its upper side, and an incandescent gas-mantle encircling the tube and supported by the said elevations,sub stantially as described.

3. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a common vertical mixing-tube and a plurality of peripherally-perforated burnertubes each closed at one end and located at an angle to the mixing-tube, in combination with incandescent gas-mantles encircling the said burner-tubes, substantially as described.

4. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a vertical mixing-tube, and a burnertube having a plurality of peripheral slots, closed at one end and located at an angle to the mixing-tube, in combination with an incandescent gas mantle encircling the said burner-tube, substantially as described.

5. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a vertical mixing-tube, and a conical, peripherally-perforated burner-tube closed at one end and located at an angle to the mixingtube, in combination with an incandescent gasmantle encircling the said burner-tube, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed 'my name, this 21st day of January, 1904, in

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