US796917A - Apparatus for producing gas. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905.

J. LUHNE. 1 APPARATUS r011 PRODUCING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1903.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINGv GAS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Aug. 8, 1905.

Application filed April 27,1903. Serial No. 154,907.

To aZZ- whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JoHANN LUHNE, engineer, of Maxstrasse 10, Aix-la-Gh apelle, in the Empire of Germany, have invented acertain new and useful Apparatus for the Production and Carburization of Gas for Heating, Lighting, Motive Power, or the Like; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The subject of the present invention is an apparatus for the production and carbur-ization of gas for heating, lighting, motive power, &c., obtained from solid, liquid, or other substances by direct gasification or by distillation.

In the constructions shown as representative examples in the accompanying drawings the apparatusis essentially composed of two concentric generators. The interior generator, is preferably provided with a movable portion and a carburetor. The movable portion is charged with materials for the decomposition, the reduction, the formation, and the, fixation of the gasproduced in the exterior generator, while an operation by means of the carbureter enriches the gas with hydrocar- By means of this arrangement the hydrocarbons, water-vapors, &c., rising in the generator are maintained at a high uniform temperature and entirely transformed into gas in such a way that no tarry product can be formed. The whole of the solid or liquid generator-carbureter not only can the gases obtained by direct gasification or by distillawtiOI] be enriched, but also gases for lighting or non-lighting purposes can be obtained and all mixed gases can be carbureted and fixed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of an apparatus for gasifying brown coal, peat, &c. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of anapparatus for gasifying anthracite.

The concentric arrangement of the two generators A and B, of which A is charged through v the openings 1 and 2, enables the generator B'to be maintained at a uniformly high temperature by the combustion which takes place in the generator A. The position of the fire- 'bustible.

grate varies according to the nature of the substances to be gasified. For bituminous coal, brown coal, peat, &c., the sloping position, Fig. 1, is most advantageous, while the horizontal position, Fig. 2, should be used for drier coal, anthracite, &c.

In order to facilitate the charging of the interior generator B, this latter contains a movable portion C, access to which is rendered easy by the superstructure 3 on the cover of the generator A, Fig. 1. The access from the outside to the movable portion 0 can also be carried out in any other convenient way. The contents of the portion 0 consist for choice of refractory substances used in the manufacture of gassuch as, for example, pumice-stone, lime, carbid of calcium, iron-slag, &c.also, the supply may be several substances combined. (See Fig. 1.)

The concentric arrangement of the generators, as well as the facility with which the portion C can be charged from outside the apparatus, are essentially new arrangements for the production and treatment of gases, such as gas under suction, gas under pressure, water-gas, &c. Moreover, the contents of the portion C form a sort of filter which frees the gas of dust and tar and prevents any return of these, which is a great advantage in the production of gas; but most important of all is the treatmentof the gases resulting from their gasification and 'passage through the incandescent contents of the generator B, which transforms all the hydrocarbons contained in the gases into gas. The cap or dome G above the central generator B is principally for the purpose of collecting and mixing the gases for reduction. If the cap is extended to the level of the combustible, as is indicated by the dotted lines, the gaseous vapors, especially those saturated with hydrocarbons and which tend to the formation of tar, accumulate between the cover and the wall of the generator A and can be drawn from above the combustible through the pipes 4, to be brought down and reintroduced into the incandescent com- The effect of the reintroduction into the incandescent combustibles of these vapors, which consist chiefly of carbonic acid, heavy hydrocarbons, water-vapor, &c., is to produce a mixture of gas, consisting of hydrogen, carbonic oxid, and light hydrocarbon gases. Gondensable gas exists only in very small quantities, and this arrangement is only important and advantageous as well for the construction of generators as for the con or by afall, &c. y and evaporate in the iron-slag.

side andfeeding the carbureter with liquid hydrocarbons under the pressure of a pump The hydrocarbons expand Any liquid not decomposed, due to too rapid a supply to the carbureter, is collected at the bottom into areceiver 6 in the shape of a funnel and flows outside into a reservoir 7 to be used again. The vapors rise naturally into the carbureter and pass through the openings 8, below the cover G, to mix with the gases produced in the generator A, and this mixtureafterward descends through the incandescent contents of the movable portion C of the generator B to finally emerge by the pipe This arrangement insures the decomposition and the complete transformation into gas of the va- For carbureting it is better to use inexpen-' sive gas-oils, petroleum with addition of alcohol, xylol, &c., which latter serve the purpose of eliminating the naphthalene from mixed gas. The filling of the carburetor with ironslag has not only the advantage of affording a larger surface for the vaporization, but also it insures the-decomposition of all the vapors into fixed gases.

To carburet mixed gas, the gas is impelled from the generator into the retort; but it can also be impelled from the retort into the generator, where the gases are carbureted and fixed in the manner described. It is thus possible to do away altogether with the first condenser of distilling-retorts.

The mixture of steam and air necessary for the manufacture of gas is accomplished in the following manner: The water is heated above the generator, Fig. 2, and is brought by pipe 10, controlled by valve 10, into pipe 11. This pipe empties into the highly-heated perforated tube 9, where the water is vaporized. The steam passes out of the openings in the tube, where it mingles with the air coming in through the opening 12. A conical plate F is situated below the tube 9. This plate serves to distribute the air, and it will also vaporize any particles of water coming from the tube 9, this plate being also highly heated. It is evident that by introducing the water through the perforated tube 9 to drop onto-the conical plate F, both of which are heated by the radiant heat from the grate,

there is no need for independent steam-generators. This arrangement therefore permits of the preliminary heating of mixtures of vapor and air and of their utilization under any conditions of working. One construction for the complete utilization of the heat consists in the combination of the apparatus with a steam-generator H directly connected with the generator A. (See Fig. 1.) The steam generated in-H on issuing through the injector 12, Fig. 1, conveys with it a quantity of air, and thus serves to maintain the production of gas. Also a spray of water on escaping from the rose 13, Figs. 1 and 2, not only cools the gases which have been manufactured, but also assists in maintaining the fiow through the apparatus.

In Fig. 1,1) is a washing-chamber where all condensable gases and those soluble in water are collected. The water enters the chamber by the pipe which serves for the 7 exit of the gases and a constant level of the water is automatically maintained by a floatvalve.

On starting the generation of gas the generator A is at its upper end placed in communication with the atmosphere through a pipe (6 by the opening of a valve I), which valve is afterward closed. Also at the commencement of proceedings the chamber D is exhausted of air through the branch pipe 0 by opening a valve d, which is afterward closed. By such means imperfectly-formed and diluted gases are got rid of.

In Fig. 2 the washing arrangements are omitted; but a pipe 9 is fitted to draw off condensed fluids.

I claim 1. An apparatus for the production of gas consisting of an exterior generator A, means therein for producing heat and initial gasification, an interior generator B, means for maintaining said interior generator at a high temperature by the heat developed in A, a dome Gr surrounding the open end of B and a separately-removable superstructure 3.

2. An apparatus for the production of gas consisting of an exterior generator A, means therein for producing-heat and initial gasification, an interior generator B, means for maintaining said interior generator at a high temperature by the heat developed in A, a receptacle C fitting B and having a perforated bottom, a dome G surrounding the open end of B and a separately-removable superstructure 3 constructed to permit of the withdrawal of C for renewal of the charge contained therein.

3. An apparatus for the production of gas consisting of an exterior generator A, means therein for producing heat and initial gasification, an interior generator B, means for maintaining said interior generator at a high temperature by the heat developed in A, a

dome G afiixed to the cover of A surrounding the open end of B, the sides of the dome extending downward sufiiciently to be embedded in the charge in A which is undergoing gasification, and a separately-removable superstructure 3.

4. An apparatus for the production of gas consisting of an exterior generator A, means therein for producing heat and initial gasification, an interior generator B, means for maintaining said interior generator at a high temperature by the heat developed in A, a

receptacle C fitting B, a carbureter G situated amidst the contents of C constructed to be fed with liquid fuels, and a dome Gr affixed to the cover of A surrounding the open end of B.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention 1 have signed my name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHANN LUHNE. Witnesses:

HENRY QUADFLIEG, E. M. BRUNDAGE.

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