US780352A - Heating composition. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JAN. 17, 1905.

E. KAFKA. HEATING COMPOSITION.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 3. 190 1.

IIVI/E/l/TOR Ema? jfaf/a ATTORNEYS ployed in largeenough quantities. Mixing it x ar 780,352.

. I UNITED STATES EM'IL KAFKA",

- Patented 17, 1965.

OF'-NEW YORK, N. n, assienoa r FIRELESS HEATING GGMPANY, on NEW YORK, N. Y., a ,FIRM.

H EATING COM POSITION sracrmca'nou fominflart of Letters Patent No. 780,852, am January 17, 1908.

. the following is a'full, clear, and exact deerin,&c.produces no Now 1 have discovered that by the use of a -bodies is very being melted they will upon cooling to thelr temperature ofi fusion remain at that tempound.

scription. L

My invention relates to the retention of heat and emitting it for long periods.

It is well known that certain chemicals have the property of aqueous fusion-that is, when the crystals are heated to a certain tempera-1 ture they melt in their own water of crystallization. The latent heat of fusion of such high, and consequently after pera'ture a long time and give off a great amount of crystallized.

Its centigrade,'it will remain at that temperature for three or four hours while cooling if em Sodium acetate is such a coinwith indifferent bodiesas, for example, glyc-' better results.

composition of two or more of certain crystalline'salts a great increase in utility and effectiveness is produced, a higher temperature can be reached, the heat may be retained for much longer period smalleraniounts of material are required, and other advantages will'result, If a receptacle be provided with such a composition and heated until all the ingredients are melted, a source of heatis obtained which will remain at gradually-lowering temperature until all of the ingredients are recrystallized. Reference is' to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a receptacle constructed for use with my invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a carriage-warmer, showing another way Application flied October 3, 1904. Serial No. 226,998;

heat before they are entirely re- J temperature of fusion being 5&

. pouring the s, at the same time much of using my invention; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a massage implement with myinvention applied thereto.

1n Fig. 1, a represents a receptacle in the form of a coffee-pot; but it willbe obvious that the same principle could be applied to any other receptacle-such, for example, as a teapot, a dinner-pail, a soupoi, meat dish, a milk-bottle, a hot-water bag, a glue-pot, a chest for holding bottles, &c. The receptacle is provided with an lnner'lining 0', either at the bottom or sides, or both, so as tofurnish an inner receptacle for a compound 6. Of course it will depend upon circumstances whether the inner receptacle extends entirely around the receptacle or is located only at orfnear the bottom. When the receptacle is manufactured, the inner receptacle is provided with the compound and then sealedup. i p

in use the receptacle is. preferably immersed in warm or boiling water until the crystals melt and then is set aside. ,It will be found to keep warm for many hours. It-

may be heated in any other way, as by puttin'gjt on the stove; but this would require too much attention and care for ordinary use. In cases'in which the liquid to becontained in the receptacle can be-heated to a considerably higher temperature than that at which it is desired to retain it the necessary heat may be imparted to the composition by merely ceptacle. .lt'will be obvious that in designing receptacles for difierent materials the proportions and ingredients of the composition, as well as the location of the'inner receptacle, may be varied so as to retain the material at the desired temperature.

In Fig. 2, 0 represents a carriage-warmer. It may be provided with a receptacle, as before, for the composition 6, but ispreferably made hollow, so that it can be filled with the composition. It can bemade in any size and shape, and obviously the same principle can' be applied to foot-warmers, ear-bags, stemach-bags, and an infinite variety of articles used for keeping different "parts of the body warm. A ma sage implement (i may also be constructed on the same principle. It will be superheated liquidinto the re- 2 I i l understood that all of these'articles may be material.

drop to that of the atmosphere.

made of metal, rubber, or any other suitable The composition to be employed may be considerably varied; but I prefer a mixture of lead acetate and sodium sulfate. The lead-acetate crystals form (or melt) at 75 centigrade and those of sodium sulfate at 33. Both have the property of aqueous fusion and have high latent heat of fusion. Upon heating this mixture to a point above 75 the crystals of both substances melt, and

upon cooling again to 75 the lead acetate commences to crystallize. This is accompanied by the liberation ofconsiderable quantities of heat, and as itproceeds slowly the entire mixture will be reheated and retained at 7 5 for a long period. When the crystallization of this salt is completed, the resulting mass of crystals and liquid will cool to 33 when the sodium sulfate will begin to crystallize. A saturated solution of this material will cool considerably below 33 without crystallizing unless in the presence of crystals of other substances; but in this case crystals of lead acetate are present, and consequently crystallization will commence immediately. The great amountof heat given out will keep the entire mass at about 33 until the sodium sulfate is entirely crystallized; It will thus be seen that with this composition the temperature will remain at 75 for a long time, then drop to 33 andafter remaining stationary at that point for a considerable period will gradually In order to have a connecting-link between thetemperatures of 75 and 33 and to further increase the time of cooling, a little sodium acetate may be added. This will cause the mass to remain at 58 for a time and retard the cooling operation. An inert material, like gelatin, sand, or pulverized stone, can also be added to aid in holding the heat.

A. composition of twenty-five percent. lead acetate, fifty per cent. sodium sulfate, and twenty-five per cent. sodium acetate will act with such efficiency that one pound of it will evolve heat for about fifteen hours and a pound and a half fortwenty hours. It is only necessary to keep the receptacle containing the mixture in hot water for a few minutes in order to prepare it for this action. Another advantage of amixture of these two or three substances lies in the fact that if the receptacle is not heated enough to melt all of the ingredients it will still be eflective if any one or more of thembe melted. Furthermore, if it is not desired to heat the receptacle as high as 75 it can be retained at 58 or 33 as desired. It will be readily understood that thereare other substances which could be employed "in the same way without departing from the spirit of my invention and that the latter is not limited to those mentioned above. It will also be seen that non-crystalline sub stances can be added.

Having thus described my invention, Iclaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A composition of matter for retaining and gradually emitting heat, comprising lead acetate and sodium sulfate.

2. A composition of matter, comprising lead acetate, sodium sulfate, and sodium ace tate.

3. A composition of matter containing about twenty-five per cent. of lead acetate, fifty per cent. of sodium sulfate, and twenty-five per cent. of sodium acetate.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

v EMIL KAFKA. Witnesses: CARL FLEISHMAN, JNo. M. BITTER.

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