US777251A - Cooling means for gas-turbines. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED DEC. 13, 1904.

H. P. PULLAGAR.

COOLING MEANS FOR GAS TURBINES.

APPLIGATION FI LED APR. 28, 1902.

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alwenfoc I Q/mhwawo UNITED STATES 'Patented December 13,1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

COOLING MEANS FOR GAS-TURBINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 777,251, dated December 13, 1904. Application filed April 28,1902. Serial No. 105,071. (No model.\

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Be it known that I, IIUGH Farmers FULLA- GAR, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Newcastle-upen-Tyne, in the county of Northumberland, England, have invented Improvements in Cooling Means for Gas-Tu rbines, of which the following is a speeiing of the turbine-blades a jet of cold air,-

steam, or spray is caused to impinge upon a portion or portions of the ring of blades, while the hot gases impinge on another portion. The blades when rotating will thus pass alternately through a hot and through a cold atmosphere, so that they assume a mean temperature. The hot and cold streams can be led off from the blades by separate passages, the hot to the regenerator and the cold to the atmosphere or a condenser, and as both streams are at approximately atmospheric pressure they will have little tendency to mix. The turbine-casing is lined with refractory material and is so designed that the surface of the turbine-blades is small in proportion to the volume of gases passing, so that the heat lost due to cooling the blades is not serious. This method of cooling may be applied when two or more rings of rotating blades are necessary. In many cases it will be advantageous to employ such a pressure of motive fluid that only one ring of blades will be needed.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of one example of apparatus according to this invention, and Fig.2 is a section corresponding to the line A A of Fig. 1.

Fuel, which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, and highly-heated air are forced into a chamber 3', wherein combustion takes place at a very high temperature. The highly-heated air and gaseous products of combustion eonstituting the motive liuid pass from the chamher 7 through an inclined expanding segmental-shaped passage on, formed in the fire-brick or other refractory wall w of the combustionchamber y, so as to cause the gasesto emerge from the passage w at or slightly above atmospheric pressure and withthe full vclocitydue to the fall in pressure from that obtaining in the eombustion-chamber j-and impinge upon the blades c of the turbine-motor 6, wherein the pressure will be reduced to that of the external atmosphere, or approximately so. After leaving the motor the used motive fluid will pass through the passage 7 to a regeneratoigin which most of its remaining heat will bestored and whence it will finally escape into the atmosphere. To prevent overheating of the turbine-blades a, cold or relatively cold air or steam or a mixture of air and steam or spray is supplied through a pipe connection 1 to a chamber 2 in the casing of the motor, and

thence it passes through the upper part of the turbine-wheel into the chamber 3-of the easing, which it leaves by a pipe 4. The highlyheated motive fluid passes, in the manner before described, through the passage w in the lower part of the walls a and the corresponding portion of the turbine-wheel, so that the temperature of the turbine-blades e is approximately equal to the mean temperature of the motive fluid and cooling medium. Air may be supplied through the pipe connection 1 in any suitable manner, as by a pump or by injecting it by means of a jet of steam. By this means the turbine-blades can be so efi'ectively cooled that a very high temperature can be permitted to the working fluid.

What I claim is- 1. In the production of motive power by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a low pressure through a turbine-n1otor, the combination with the turbine-wheel, of a casing having separate inlets to admit of separate streams of working and cooling fluid entering the turbine-wheel at different parts and acting upon the portions of the turbine-wheel that are for the time being opposite said inlets.

2. In the production of motive power by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a low pressure through a turbine-motor, the

combination with the turbine-wheel, of a casing adapted to admit of streams of working and cooling fluid entering the turbine-wheel at different parts and to lead such streams therefrom at different parts and comparatively separate.

3. In the production of motive power by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a low pressure through a turbine-motor, the combination with the turbine-Wheel, of means for causing the blades, after being acted upon by the highly-heated motive fluid, to pass through a cooling medium so that they pass alternately through a hot and through a cold medium.

4. In a turbine worked by gases at a high temperature and low pressure, the combination with a turbine-wheel, of means for directing hot gases laterally against one portion of said turbine-wheel and means for simultaneously causing cooling fluid to flow transversely across the blades of the wheel at another portion thereof.

5. In a turbine worked by gases at a high temperature and low pressure, the combination with a turbine-wheel, of means for directing hot gases laterally against one portion of said turbine-wheel and means for simultaneously causing cooling fluid in the form of spray to flow transversely across the blades of the wheel at another portion thereof.

6. In the production of motive fluid by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a low pressure through a turbine-motor, the combination of a turbine-wheel, a working chamber of refractory material through which hot gases under pressure are caused to flow and in which said turbine-wheel is mounted to rotate, and a cooling-chamber into which a portion of said turbine-wheel extends, and through which chamber a cooling medium is caused to flow and impinge against the portion of the turbine-wheel that is for the time being passing through such cooling-chamber.

7. In the production of motive fluid by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a loW pressure through a turbine-motor, the combination of a turbine-wheel, a working chamber of refractory material having an inlet and an outlet for hot gases and in which said turbine-wheel is mounted to rotate, a cooling-chamber having an inlet and outlet for cooling fluid and into which a portion of said turbine-wheel is arranged to project, means for causing hot gases to flow through the inlet of the working chamber and act against one portion of said turbine-wheel, and means for causing cooling fluid to flow through said cooling-chamber and simultaneously act upon that portion of the turbine-wheel that is for the time being passing through such coolingchamber.

8. In the production of motive fluid by the passage of gases at a high temperature and a low pressure through a turbine-motor, the combination of a turbine-Wheel, a casing of refractory material made with two connected compartments, namely a main compartment in which the turbine-wheel is mounted to rotate and a supplementary compartment through which the outer peripheral portion of the wheel rotates, a combustion-chamber connected to the main compartment by a port or passage arranged to direct motive fluid at a high temperature against one portion of the turbine-wheel, and means for simultaneously causing cooling fluid to enter the supplementary compartment and impinge against the portion of the turbine-wheel that is for the time being passing through such supplementary compartment.

Signed at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the county of the same city, this 17th day of April,

HUGH FRANCIS FULLAGAR. lNitnesses:

W. H. GoLDINe, O. E. GRouNsELL.

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