US75893A - Benj n w - Google Patents

Description

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R E T S 0 F W. R

MACHINE FOR MAKING GARRIAGBAXLES.

No. 75,893'. Patented Mar. 24, 1868.

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MACHINE FOR MAKING CARRIAGE AXLBS.

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Patented Mar. 24, 1868.

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BENJAMAN W. FOSTER, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 FRANKLIN L. SHELDON AND CHARLES L. SHELDON, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent .No. 75,893, dated Zlfarck 24, 1863.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CON GERN: v

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN V. FOSTER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New .York,

7 have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Making Iron and Steel Axles; and Ido hereby declare that the follo'wjng,.taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention 'sufiieient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

In the manufadture of steeland iron axles, it is now the general practice to manufacture the same with but one journal, one collar, and a short b r; two such pieces, (now generally styled and known by the technicalterm axle,) when afterwards united together, with the journals at their outer ends, forming the. complete axle,

ready for applicationto the ear or vehicle for which it is designed. Such axles have heretofore been made by slow and laborious processes, enti rely or mainly byha'nd-labor.

The object of my invention is to form an axle complete, with its journal, its collar, and its tapering bar, all by. a continuous process, and from a single bar of metal, to cut the same off when finished, and repeat the action upon the remainder of the bar of metal; and it consists in the construction of a machine of such capacity, and having such an organism, as that upon feeding into it,'as hereinafter described, a heated square bar of metal of the appropriate size, it will, successively,flatten the four corners or edges for a. distance sufiicient for forming the journal; then round these edges, till they form a taperin'g cylinder; next, gripe the same in, and compress or upset it'lengthwise, between suitable dies, to form the collar, and the swell on'the journal, and, at the same time, centr'e the journal ready for a turn ingrla'the; next, roll the .'remainder of the axle tot he' proper taper; and finally, at the proper point, entail" the finished axle, and discharge from the machine.

The parts, in minute detail, which contribute to these ends, I will now proceed to describe.

A is aframework, of any suitable kind, having sufiicient strength to support and permit the pro'per action of the working parts. B is the main shaft, whichimparts motion to the system of shaping rolls, hereinafter described, and G is a counter-shaft.

D is a cross-bar, through the centre of which is a mouth or opening, into which the bar of metal to be made into axles irnfirst placed, preparatory to being acted upon by the rolls. This month is in line with the shapingspace between the peripheries of the rolls,a nd for-ms a rest or support for the bar, I

E F are two horizontal square shafts, placed one above the other, the upper one, E, having a cog-wheel at each end, meshing into a pinion at each end-of the main shaft. I The lower shaft,F, has at each end cog-wheels of equal size and number of teeth with those on shaft E, into .which they gear, and they also gearwith pinions on both ends of the counter-shaft G, these pinions being of the same size as those upon the main shaft.

A driving-pulley, G, is mounted on shaft 13, and a counter driving-pulley, H, on shaft 0.

At the centre of each of the shafts E and F are rigidly secured two cog-wheels, F, bctw een which-are firmly secured, bybolts, pins, or other wellknown means, the several removable parts, which, unitedly, make up the roll for shaping thejournal, and shaping and tapering the arm, and severing -it from the bar.

The periphery of each of these rolls, when the parts composing it are secured in place, is made up of'three shaping-parts and a cutting-edge, these several parts in each of these rolls being identical withlthose in the other. These parts consist -of a groove, d, for reducing the corners and partially-tapering that end,of the bar which is to be formed into ajournal; another groove, 6,-for still further reducing all corners and edges,'and':

producing the finished tapering journal; a fiat-but slightly eccentric cam, c, gradually increasing in diameter, fortapering the two opposite sides of the bar, after the journal and collar have been formed; and at the terminus of each of these cams, a projecting'edge, to act as a cutter, these twocutters, marked at, meeting at their edges near enough to cut oil the finished axle from the blank.

The grooves a are made.a quarter circle, transversely, and actin conjunction with corresponding grooves in the horizontal rollers, hereinafterdescribed, all these four grooves expanding gradually, both in breadth and depth, fromitheir forward totheir rear ends. The grooves b are made each a. half circle, transversely, and also expand similarly in breadth and depth, but the horizontal rollers have no corresponding grooves. 'The parts in which these grooves are formed are of segmental form, and'removableand changeable;

' the'inner endofwhich serves to limit the'beckward nietion of the'toggle and -slides,-and to'dctermine the extent of, such ime; i p Instead of this toggle (but not so powerful and elficient in its action) may be employed a'screw,15, passing through the rear cross-bar of the auxiliary frame, and'also turning freely in the sliding frame, as shown in Figure 9, and having ailat dish or button on its inner end. By turning" this screw, thebarrel may be forced forward, and held'firmlyin the'position desired; and by reversing the motion of the scmmthebarrcl and. the frame in'which it swings arebrought back agaiu,,as desired. -'The head of the screw, whilst free to revolve in the'crossb'ar, has no longitudinal movement therein.

1 The operation of the machine is as follows: The parts of the machine-being all in the relative positions, as shown in fig. 3, the hinged gate 3 and the swinging barrel being raised, and, the vertical rolls in a position somewhat in advance ot'that shown in Figure'T, the blank bar of metal is'p assed by the workman into the mouth in cross-bar D far eno'ugh to place its forward end iutofthe spao g betwcen the rolls,-and so that this end shall coincide with the smaller or'commencing ends of the grooves a. The machine-is then putinto operation, and therolls turned far enough to draw in the bar and take ofi' or reduce its four corners or'edges, as showniu the figure, by the pressure of the rollsupou them,

' .At this istage, the notched'spring-lever R flies into place to hold the pin 2 upon the face of cog-wheel P,

and arrst its further revhlutiom-at the movements of the machine are then reversed,'and this causes the rolls to run back the bar upon which they areoperating to-free it fromthe grasp of the grooves The -belt is again shipped, and a forward motion of the rolls takes place, and just as the grooves 6 meet at their forward ends (the bar being properly h'eld'in position for this purpose) they seize and gripe the bar, and the arm" of'the axle is now rolled to the proper conical ortaper form, thus'rounding oil the'corners left by the groovesa. Gross-bar X, with its solid square die, is now brought up, so that the die shall be in close pro ximityto the bite of the rolls, and is secured in this position. The barrel (with its tubular die firstinserted therein) is now let down. The hinged bar or gate is closed, over it and locked to its place, and this barrel having been: advanced to the proper position toreceive the arm of the'metal bar, and yet to leave sufiicient spacebehteen the dies 1 and 2 for the formation of the collar, and the screw13 being properly adjusted for centring the arm, power is applied either to the toggle-joinh or to the screw 15,.whcn that is used, and this further advance of the barrel towards the die violently and surely compresses the bar lengthwise, and-compels it to'yield and spread laterally in every direction, the firm grasp of the rolls, which are now stationary, holding the bar rigidly against the pressure of the barrel. Thisac tion produces the collar, and at thesame time the enlargement or swell on the collar, and also centres the end of the journal. The degree of thickness of the collar. will at. determined-b mbo. adjustment of the screw 14.,or115 at the outer end of the auxiliary frame, .such adjustment regulating the stroke of the toggle orjoblique engine. The machine is'designed-to beeperated by two men, one to insert the bar and to start and stop the.

' machine, as required, and one at the side to operate the side lever Y, andthe' machinery for forming thecollar. After the hinge is thrown down and fasten'ed,.and power applied to the toggle, one revolution of the shaft "which operates it, forms the collar and swell, and withdraws the die from the journal of the axle, The hingedbsrrel is then again thrown up, as shown in fig; 3, and the die 2 thrown back, and at the some time the machine is again started, and, asthc sale is thus rolled forward by the movement of the rolls, the cross-barX,' withits die 1, is drawn back clear of the rolls, the action of the earns a on the rolls, at this stage,

flat taper towards the end of the required axle, which is then cut oil, as before described, a the rolls still continuing to revolve un forming the requisite, nd fallstothe ground, til they arrive at the proper position for commencing their action upon the bar to form another sale.

It will be-observed that by means of t also of thedies, the same machine is ado, action, or in its general construction. H The advantages of solid dies over those which are sectional in thedirection of their bore, and which hare hitherto been'used in forming the collar of an axle, are great and material. When made in parts, these parts areliable to get displaced, so thattheir ends arenot flush with each other, and they must then make an impel fect collar. They are also liable to become separated from each other by the pressure when in action, so as to leauemore or less space between t hem ,,,and so make imperfect work andthey also require additional devices to "be introduced into the-machine in order to clamp or press these parts together, and such pressure must be always accurately adjusted. Further, when such parts are not in closest contact, and under the proper amount of pressure, a sqluaredie would give rather an oblon'gthan a square form, and a round die'an oval rather than he provisionfdescribe d for-changing the size or style of the rolls, and. ptcd to' a great variety of work without any change ip itsprinciple of a cylindrical form to the metal. v p

What claim, and desirc tosecure by Letters Patent, is- 1. The combination, of the shaping-rollers, which form the journal and taper the bar of an axle, with the dies which form the collar by lengthwise pressure of the bar, substantially as described. Y

2. pair of" rolls, for acting simultaneously on opposite surfaces ofa bar'of metal, having dies, a I c," arranged in relation one to the other and to the rolls, substantially as herein set forth.

, 3. Incombination witli'the' die-rolls claimed in the above second clause, I claim the cutting-edge oi, as described.- p I p I 14. In combination with the die-rolls claimed in the above second clause, 1 claim a pair of rolls arranged perpendicularly thereto, and for joint action therewith, substantially as described. i

5. In combination with a pair of die-rolls, I claim the devices,- herein deacribed,-for accommodating dies of ore. as less thickness, substentially as set forth.

'6; Mounting one set of rolls' upon vertical slmfts, which revolve in bearings upon sleeves (m the Mlxer shaft,

substantially as and for t he' purposellescribcd.

7. In combi nationwitlx die 2 and socket 4, or their equivalents, I claim the p ointeri screw 13, as and for the purposes et forth. V

8. Th impl pved machine as a. whole, construtgd and ope rating substantially as set forth. BENJN W. FOSTER.

Witpesses; I

A.QB. SHELDON, RI HARD 0; STEEL.

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