US748959A - Ernst ksrting - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

2 s'H\E ETs- SBET 1.

Inventor;

APPLICATION FILED FEB.28, 19(12.

E. KORTING. INTERNAL GOMBUSIION ENGINE.

N0 MODEL attesa.-

PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

E. KETING.

INTERNAL GMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2B, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 M0 EL.

Inventor:

i5 STATES Patented January 5, 1904;.

PATENT OFFICE.,

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIONl ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 748,959, dated January 5` 1904.

Applicatiouiiled February 28. 1902. Serial No. 96.036. (No model.)

.To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

neer, of Krt ingsdorf, near Hanover, Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or' Appel-taining to Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in or appertaining to internal-.combustion engines in which the charge introduced into the cylinders by special devices at the end of the outward or at the begin ning` of the inward stroke sweeps away the residues of combustion of the preceding power-stroke. Accord` ing to the present invention the charge is as it enters the cylinder given a whirling and rolling motion more or lessv at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and this in such a manner that the charge is as far as practicable maintained in a coherent mass and is prevented from radiating and becoming mixed with the resid uesof the previous power-stroke. In such an engine it is, however, absolutely necessary that a layer or stratum'of inert gas' (air) should be located between the still glowing` residues, of the previous explosion and the new charge, so thatthe latter does not4 ignite by contact with the said residues. It is alsov necessary to provide special means whereby the'quantity of the charge may ber altered without aectingits location and re lation to the air and residues or altering its composition whenever the load on the engine varies. It is also desirable to provide a valve mechanism for the admission of the charge into the cylinder which acts at very short intervals of time and as noiselessly as possible, and, finally, a special device is requisite by means of which the combustible charge which in these engines varies in vvolume according to the load is made to burn completely and with sufficient rapidity.

In order to imparta whirling and rolling motion to. the new charge, which motion is necessary for separating Athe same from the residues ofthe previous power-stroke, I provide a number of liat disk-shaped puppet-` valves with axial motion in the bottom of the combustion -chamber. The current of gas entering through each valve is caused by the disk to assume the form of an annular jet at right angles to the axis of the cylinder.

All these jets impinge against one another land against the Walls of the cylinder, in

consequence of which the required motion is obtained. For bringing the necessary layer of inert gas (air) between the residues and the explosive charge I use two pumps which have equal strokes. One of these pumps delivers the air and the other supplies the combustible gas, the ratio of the pistonareas being equal (or nearly so) to that of the quantities of air and gas to be admitted. The gas-pump is tted with a device which is so contrived that the piston after having accomplished a certain portion of its instroke vcommences to compress the gas in the cylinder of the pump and continues the compression during the remaining portion of the instroke. The air-pump, on the contrary, compresses the air contained in its cylinder from the very beginning of the instroke. The delayed compression of the gas in the pump is edected either by throt- ,tling the gas-inlet duringY the suction-stroke of the pump-pistou or by establishing during the required portion of the stroke a communication between the suction and pressure chambers. The air-pump therefore forces first air alone into the engine-cylinder and as soon as the gas-pump begins to coperatie both pumps force into the said cylinder gas `and air in the ratio of* their piston areas, so

that the mixture in the required proportions is formed at the entrance into the cylinder. Owing to the above-described construction of the inlet this mixture is as far as practicable kept separated from the air that precedes it, while at the same time and for the same reason this air is as far as possible prevented from mixing with the residues of the ipr'evious power-stroke. For obtaining a variable quantity of the gaseous mixture having a constant composition the governor is connected either with the aforementioned throttle-valve in such a manner that when lthe load decreases the gas-inlet is throttled during the suction-stroke of the gas-pump or the governor is connected to the device which establishes thecommunication between 'the suction and delivery chambers of the said IDO the form of puppet-valves are self-acting valves and admit the air and gas into the engine-cylinder, while the closing is effected automatically through the action of springs.

For secu ring a regular ignition of a charge which is at one time large and at another small a number of igniters is provided. One of these igniters is located in proximity to the inlet-valve, while the other is near the limit of the piston-instroke.

The invention is best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal section of a double-acting gas-engine fitted with the hereinbet'ore-described improvements. This figure is diagrammatic as regards the parts of the engine which do not affect the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of the engine partly in section. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a modified construction for controlling the action of the gas-pump. Fig. 4 is a detail of parts shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a vertical cross section through the working cylinder.

yIn the drawings, ay is the working cylinder of the gas-engine, l? the piston, and c the piston-rod. The periphery of the middle part of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of exhaust-ports's, that open into a passage connectedto the exhaust-pipe. The air is supplied to the valve-chambers Z and Z' by the air-pump n through pipes o and o and openingsfand f, while the gas is delivered by gas-pump'm through pipes 1o and p and openings g and g' to said valve-chambers. 1 is the throttling-valve, disposed in the gas-supply pipe and actuated by the governor. The charge is introduced at the cylinder-head through a plurality of valves e and e', arranged in a circle, whereby the described internal motion of the particles of the entering .gas yby the impinging of thel annular gas streams against one another is also obtained.

The operation of the engine is as follows: As soon as the Working piston b uncovers the ports s the burnt charge escapes and the compressed contents of pipes o and p' pass through the valve-chamber Z', in which the mingling of the gases takes place, and then enter the combustion-chamber through the valves e, which open automatically when the pressure in the valve-chamber is sufliciently greater than the pressure in the combustioncliamber to move the valves against their springs. The action of the pumps is so regulated that their pistons are in or near the dead-points of their inward stroke When the engine-piston covers again the ports s on be'- ginning its insti-oke. The Whole of the compressed charge must, therefore, be delivered into the combustion-chamber during theshort time the ports s remain uncovered, and at the same time the vproducts of combustion must be swept out of the cylinder. The piston of the gas-pump begins to discharge the gas into the pipe e only after part of its instroke has already been achieved, Whereas the piston of the air-pump discharges the air into the discharge-pipeofrom the very`beginningofitsinstroke. The inlet-valves e will be closed when the two pump-pistons commence their instrokes, and since the discharge-pipes of the two pumps are in communication with each other through the valve-chamber Z part of the compressed air will enter through said chamber into the pipe lo', pushing the gas in the pipe backward and simultaneously compressing it until the piston of the gas-pump also begins to discharge. From this moment both pum ps act to compress, the pipe p', however, remaining partly filled with pure air. Then when the valves c open both pipes o and p discharge their contents through the valves e into the cylinder. These contents are pure air, to begin with, until the pipe p' is emptied so gas reaches the valves, whereupon the gas and air together enter the valve-chamber Z', and after being mixed therein pass through the valves e' into the combustion-chamber.

As soon as both pump-pistons reach the end of their stroke valves e close automatically under the action of their springs. The gas particles passing through valves e impinge against oneanother and so form a layer of gas whichv rolls and whirlson itself, more or less, at right angles to the axis of the cylinder as vit advances. This body of gas, consisting, tirst,of a stratum of pure air and then of a combustible gaseous mixture, sweeps the residues of the previous explosion through the aforesaid ports s. The charge is then' compressed by the instroke of the piston and ig-V nited by the igniters tand t. While these operations take place -on the one side of the piston, the other side of the same accomplishes its power-stroke, followed again by4 the working phases just described. The governor acts, as already stated, on the throttling-valve r, so as to decrease the free area for the passage of the gas as soon as the load on the engine decreases. By this means both the quantity of gas supplied bythe gas-pump and that of the combustible mixture are decreased. l

Figs; 3 and 4 illustrate a modified device for commencing the compressing of the gas in the gas-pu mp after the piston of this pump has accomplished a portion of its stroke, and consists otmeans for establishing during the required portion of the stroke a communication between the suction andthe pressure chambers. The distributing-valvesu are operated by the combined action of two crankV movements and regulated 'by the governorrod. For this purpose the two-armed lever 3 4 ot the valve mechanism is connected by means of the rod 2 and a two-armed lever l to the piston-rod r, which receives its reciprocating motion from a crank, the second crank movement being imparted to the valves u by a reciprocating rod '7. The movement of rod 7 is transmitted to the two-armed lever.A 3 4 by a link 6, swinging around a fixed point .'85 far that the pushed -back IIO ' attached to ther-od 5, connected with the twoarmed lever 3 4, the end of the rod 5 being connected with-the governor-rod 9; When this block is near the point 8 around which the link swings, the motion ofthe link has no eect on the'distributing-valve, and this valve is actuatedl by thel piston-rod alone."

In this position the-communication between thesuct-ion and pressure spaces is kept openv for a period of the stroke that corresponds to the minimum of power required from the engine.` If now the block is moved' to the other end of the link, the reciprocating movement y combination with a cylinder having an exof the link 6 exerts its full action, and the valve keeps the aforesaid communication open during' a smaller portion of the stroke of the gas-pump, so that the pump Ican' then deliver the maximumquantity ot' gas. Each intermediate position of the block correspouds'to a different rate of admission in the pump. The rod 5,V on which the slide-block is arranged, Vis soccnnected to the governor that when the power to be exerted is small the block comes nearer the point around which the link oscillates, andA vice versa.

What Ifclainnand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-V 1. In an internal -combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an exhaustport 'located at 'or near the point of the end ofthe power-stroke of the piston, a-combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstrokega pluralityv of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, and puppetvalves for controlling the passage of the charge through said inlet-openings and acting to imparta whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion-chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinder without diiusion with other gas, substantially as described.

2. In an internal-combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having an exhaustport located at or near the point of the end of the power-stroke of the piston, a combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstroke, a mixing-chamber, a pump for supplying air to the mixing-chamber, a pump for supplying gas to the mixing-chamber, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber leading from the mixing-chamber to the combustion-chamber, and puppet-valves controlling the passage of the charge through said openings and acting to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as itenters the combustion-chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinder, withoutdiusion with other gas, substantially as described.

3. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having an exhaust-port located at or near the point of the end of the poWer-stroke'of the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston niakeslits ,power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings in` the head of the combustion-chambepand means for deiiectng the charge as it enters through said openings, .to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it'enters the combustion-chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through the' combustion-chamber and the cylinder without diusion with other gas, substantially as described. y

4. In an internal-combustion engine the cylinder from which the piston makes itsA power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings through the head of the combustion-chamber, means for introducing a charge of inert gas l(as air) before the introduction of the charge'. of explosive gas for the purpose of separating the 'explosive gas from the residues of the previous explosion, and means for deecting the charges of inert gas and explosive gas as. they enter the combustion-chamber through said openings to impart a whirling and rolling motion to said charges, whereby they are caused to advance bodily through the combustion chamber and the cylinder without diffusion, substantially as described.

5.' In an internal-combustion engine the port located at or near the point ofn'the end of the power-'stroke of the piston, a combustionchamber located at the end of the cylinder from whichthe piston makes its power-stroke, a mixing-chamber, a pump for supplying air to the mixing-chamber, a pump for supplying gas to the mixing-chamber, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-` chamber leading from the mixing-chamber to the combustion-chamber, puppet-valves controlling the passage of the charge through said openings and acting to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion -chamber, whereby the .charge is caused to advance in a body through combination with a cylinder having an exhaust-port located at or near the point of the end of the power-stroke of -the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the end of the ICO A combination of a cylinderhavingan exhaust- IIO IZO

cylinder from which the piston makes its 1 power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, means for deflecting the charge as it enters through said openings, to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through the combustion chamber and the cylinder without Y diusion with other gas, a mixing-chamber communicating with said inlet-openings, a pum-p for air, a pump for gas, and means for establishing communication between the suction-pipe and the pressure side of the cylinder of the gasfpump during a part of each compression-stroke of the pump-piston and closing during such time communication between the pump-cylinder and its dischargepipe, substantially as described.

7. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having an eX- haust-port located at or near the point of the end of the power-stroke of the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston makes its power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of the combustion-chamber, means for deflecting the charge as it enters through saidopenings, to impart a whirling and roll- .ing motion to the charge as it enters the comlating the movement imparted to said valves for controlling the quantity of gas supplied to the combustion-chamber, substantially as described. v

8. In an internal-combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder having an exhaust-port located at or near the point of the end of the power-stroke of the piston, of a combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston makes its power-stroke, a plurality of inlet-openings in the head of. the combustion-chamber, means for deiiecting the charge as it enters through said openings, to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a -body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinder without diusion with other gas, distribution valves, and two or more igniters in the combustion-chamber for securing a regular ignition, substantially as described.

9. In an internal-combustion engine the combination of acylinder having an exhaustport located at or near the point of the end of the power-stroke of the piston, a combustion-chamber located at the end of the cylinder from which the piston makes its powerstroke, a plurality of inlet-openings arranged in a circle in the head of the combustionchamber, and puppet-valves for controlling the passage of the charge through said inletopenings and acting to impart a whirling and rolling motion to the charge as it enters the combustion-chamber, whereby the charge is caused to advance in a body through the combustion-chamber and the cylinder Without diffusion with other gas, substantially as described. v

. ERNST KORTING. Witnesses:

LEoNoRE RAscH, C. C. STEvENsoN.

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