US739281A - Blast-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

No. 739,281. PATENTED SEPT. 22, 1903.

M. BLANOHARD & G. D. WILLIAMS.

BLAST FURNACE.-

APPLICATION FILED D130. 31, 1902.

N0 MQDEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No.739,281, J PATENTED SEPT. 22, 1903.

BLANGHARDGzG. 1). WILLIAMS.

BLAST FURNACE.

APPLICATION Hun 111:0. a1. 1902.

no MODEL. 2 sums-sum 2.

wifgzsses: I 9 W I b ing parts,

. UNIT D STATES liatented September Q2, 190

PATENT OFFICE.

MAURICE BLANGHARD AND CHARLES D WILLIAMS, or BILL-ARI), OREGON;

BLAST-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. '739,281,dated September 22, 1903. Application filed December 31,1902l Serial No- 13'7323. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: Y Be it known that we, MAURICE BLANCHARD and CHARLES D. 'WILLIAMs, citizens of the United States, residing at Dillard, in the county of Douglas and State of Oregon, have invented a new and useful Blast-Furnace, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to blastfurnaces, and particularly to that class employed in smelting or reducing metallic oresj The object of the invention is in a ready, simple, thoroughly feasible, and practical manner to employ bituminous or lignite'coal in place of coke, to efiect complete combustion of the smoke and by a second combusion of the gases to generate the required heat at the expenditure of a minimum of fuel, (and that of a cheaper character than is generally'employed,) to render the gases practically innocuous, and to provide effective means to employ the gases for reducing purposes when necessary.

With these and other objects in view, as will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction and combination of parts of a blast-furnace, as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification, and in which like characters of reference indicate correspondthere are illustrated two forms of embodiment of the invention, each capable of carrying the same into practical operation, it being understood that the elements therein exhibited may be varied or'changed asto shape, proportion, and exact manner of assemblage without departing from the spirit thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 isa View in vertical longitudinal section of a furnace constructed in accordance with the, present in-' vention. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section through the primary furnace, taken at right angles to the plane of Fig.1. Fig. 3 is a view in vertical longitudinal section through a modified form of furnace.

Referring to the drawings, and to Figs. 1

and 2 thereof, 1 designates the primary furnace, 2 the secondary furnace, and 3 the flue connecting the furnaces, the floor of the flue constituting a slag-pit and hearth. The primary furnace 1 is similar in construction to an ordinarysmelter-furnace and is provided at intervals in its height and on opposite sides with a plurality of twyers 4, each having associated with it a damper 5 and at its upper end a blast-pipe 6, leading to a suitable source of air-supply. The tops of both of the furnaces are adapted to be closed by suitable covers 7 and 8, respectively. The

lower portion of each furnace adjacent to the slag-pit is constricted to present a throat 9, which operates to hold the material to be treated fromdropping into the pit before fusion has taken place, and the slag-pit of the primary furnace has tap-pipes 10 and 11 connected with it, by which the molten material may be drawn off from different levels;

In the operation of the furnace the primary furnace is charged with oreand flux to a point slightly above the lowest of the twyers,

as shown In Fig. 2, and upon this charge is placed a layer of coke, the amount being determined by the operator, and the furnace or stack is then filled nearly to the top with al-' ternate charges of ore, fiu'x, and coke, the last or top charge being of coal, (designated by12.) The charge of coal isthen fired by means of hot liquid slag or otherwise, and the dampers in all of the twyers are closed,

and a blast of air is admitted through the blast pipe 6. This. blast partly consumes the coal and passesdownward to the bottom of the primary furnace, thence horizontally along the flue 3 to the bottom of the second ary furnace 2, and thence upward to an escape-flue 13, in-the top of the last-named fur- When the heat has become sufficiently nace. intense at the upper set of twyers to ignite the smoke and gases, the dampers of these twyers are opened to admit air, and air is also admitted successively to the other sets of twyers as the heat reaches the desired degree at those points. The blast from the twyers completes the combustion of the fuel, con

sumes the smoke, and converts the carbon monoxid into carbon dioxid, and thus causes a progressive rise of temperature from the top of the furnace to the bottom, where the ore is fused. On reaching thebottom of the secondary furnace the blast is sufficiently heated tofuse the ore; but the heat may be augmented by openingthe dampers in the twyers. The blast consumes what carbon monoxid there may be at the secondary furnace, the quantity of this gas being controlled by adjustments of the dampers in the twyers. As the stock settles in the primary furnace the furnace is charged with ore, flux, and coal and is fired as first described. The secondary furnace is usually charged with ore and flux only; but if deemed advisable asmall quantity of coal may be employed. The slag and metal are drawn off at the taps 10 and 11, respectively, as desired.

The above-described procedure applies to the reduction of auriferous ores; but where the ore is of a character that needs the action of a reducing-gas at a moderate temperature, such as oxid of iron, the secondary furnace will be dispensed with and the primary furnace will be made of greater height and provided with more twyers. Under these conditions the furnace will be filled about onefourth of itsheight with coal and then with alternate charges of ore and coal until it is about two-thirds full and is then fired in the manner already described. Only sufficient blast will be admitted at the top and at the different twyers to keep the ores at the desired temperature, and the reduction of the ore is thereby rendered complete as soon as the gases in contact therewith are fully charged with carbon. When the reduction is nearly complete, sufficient blast is turned in at the lower twyers to consume the coal at the bottom, and the furnace is completely filled with ore and coal and again fired at the top, and this last charge is kept at a moderate heat, as before. As the coal at the bottom of the furnace is consumed the ore settles down and is fused.

As above pointed out, in smeltingiron only one furnace is employed, so that after the ore is fused and gas leaves'the furnace it is just as hot as when in use and contains a large amount of carbon. In order to utilize this carbon or hot gas where there is gold or other ore that does not require reducing-gases, a smaller secondary furnace 14: may be employed disposed adjacent to the primary furmace and connected therewith only by a fine 15 for conducting the waste heat from one furnace to the other, as shown in Fig. 3. This smaller or secondary furnace is provided with sets of twyers 16 to introduce fresh air for burning the carbon that has not been utilized, and by this procedure a large amount of ore can be smelted by using but a small amount of fuel. The waste heat may also be utilized for roasting ores to be separated by the cyanid process, for baking pottery after the intensity of the heat is somewhat reduced, for running stationary engines, and for any purpose where great heat is required.

It Will be noted that the air is introduced into the furnace above the narrow or neck portion thereof, and this arrangement renders the furnace less liable to freeze, a calamity that is carefully to be avoided, inasmuch as it entails a heavy expense each time it occurs.

While the structures herein shown are exceedingly simple in construction, they will be found thoroughly efficient for the purposes designed and may be cheaply and satisfactorily operated.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is-- An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a primary furnace and a secondary furnace, a fine connecting the lower portions of the furnaces and constituting a slagpit, tap-pipes communicating with the slag pit, twyers arranged at intervals in the height of the primary furnace, a blast-pipe communicating with the upper portion of the primary furnace, and an escape-pipe com municating with the upper portion of the second ary furnace.

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as our own we have hereto affixed our signatures in the presence of two Witnesses.

MAURICE BLANOHARD. CHARLES D. WILLIAMS.

tVitnesses:

O. L. HAMILTON, O. P. OosHoW.

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