US732167A - Apparatus for construction of buildings of cement. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE, 30, 1903.

0. G. cANfIELD.

APPARATUS FOR GONSTRUOTION 0F BUILDINGS 0F CEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 18 1902.

10 MODEL.

UNITnD STATES Patented June 30, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES C. CANFIELD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 732,167, dated June 30, 1903.

Application filed October 18, 1902. Serial No. 127,846. (No model.) 7

T0 or. whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. OANFIELD, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Construction of Buildings of Cement; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to improvements in means employed in the construction of the walls and partitions of buildings where cement or artificial stone is used.

Buildings have heretofore been constructed with cement or artificial-stone walls; but owing to expensive methods and defective apparatus not only have the results been unsatisfactory, but expensive as compared with buildings whose walls were made of materials more ordinarily employed, such as stone, brick, and wood.

It is the object of the present invention to provide means whereby not only will the re sults be more satisfactory, but the building operations may be so systematized and each step so economically and expeditiously performed that the ultimate cost will be less than that of Walls of equal durability when constructed of other materials, with other apparatus, and in accordance with other methods.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through a partially-completed wall and apparatus employed in its construction embodying the present improvements. Fig. 2 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of one of the moldboards. Fig. 3 is a similar View of a collapsible core for use in forming hollow walls. Fig. 4 is a plan of one of the ties and core-supports.

Like letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

WValls and partitions of buildings have heretofore been constructed of cement or ar tificial stone molded in situ, and while for special purposes and under certain conditions they have been considered a success, yet such construction has not gone into general and extensive use in competition with other materials used for a like purpose, due largely to the fact that expensive, cumbersome, and slow methods and apparatus have been employed. In the invention of the present application the difficulties heretofore encountered have to a large extent been overcome and by a proper combination of means or mechanical aids in the performance of the work the work may be materially expedited and simplified, whereby the results show a degree of strength and regularity of appearance never before attained without the employment of expensive hand-labor.

In Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings a fragment of a wall is shown in section in a substantially completed condition, and it will be seen that it consists of inner and outer facings A, of cement or artificial stone, separated by a space B, said facings, however, being efiectually tied together by ties B, Figs. 1 and 4, preferably having the ends which are embedded in the cement split and curved away from each other to distribute the strains in the plane of the wall. Between the facings A of the wall are vertical timbers C, spaced apart any desired distance, but sufficient in number to form, with suitable riders and beams, as C, a skeleton framing which, while it is ultimately incorporated in the building, is one of the instrumentalities whereby the expeditious and economical construction of the wall is made possible. This skeleton framingis run upin advance of the wall proper, and it is preferably kept at least one story in advance of the walls, the floors being put in as reached by the walls, and a temporary tent-roof and curtain-walls are maintained by said franie over and around the area being built, whereby the work may proceed regardless of the weather conditions existing at the time and under conditions calculated to give the best results.

The facings A may be of any desired thickness and one thicker than the otheras, for instance, in the wall of a dwelling-house, where the inner facing would take the place of lath and plaster and might be finished in any usual artistic manner. Said facings are formed in st'tu'by pouring the ingredients, (cement, sand, &c.,) previously .mixed'and tempered to the proper degree, into the spaces between suitable moldboards on the outer sides and a suitable collapsible core on the The moldboards., Fig. 2, are prefinner side.

erably formed of two relatively thin hardwood boards E, suitably spaced apart and having filling-pieces E between their ends. These filling-pieces make the ends of the moldboard solid, and consequently said solid portions may be cut to make a board of less length or may be given an ornamental conformation to form ornamentation on the wallas,for instance, at the corners or around the window and door openings of a building. The intermediate portions of the boards are braced and twist or warp prevented by diagonal filling-pieces E the upper and lower ends of adjacent braces extending past each other, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 2, and the upper ends of which preferably project and are tapered somewhat at E to form guides for the lower edge of another moldboard should it be desired to superpose one upon another. For additional strength metal plates or strips E 'are also introduced between the boards and may be fastened to the edges of the pieces E so as to abut against the boards, and thereby prevent any possible warping. The effect of such construction is to form a trussed moldboard which will not be distorted by the moisture and varying conditions under which it is used and will therefore form a true wall-face, although as an addititional precaution and to permit the surface of the moldboard to readily separate from the face of the cement the board is preferably coated with a water repellant substance.

The collapsible core which forms the space in the wall is formed of two side boards G G, Fig. 3, and to the inner face of one or both of said boards spreaders H are hinged, so as to form braces to prevent warpage of the boards and also to hold the boards separated during the time the cement is being placed in position and setting. These spreaders preferably have one face it curved so as to read:

-ily swing back and allow the boards to approach each other when'the core is to be collapsed for removal.

In forming the wall the moldboards are held in place by clamps, to-be presently described, and together with said clamps are adjustably suspended from the skeleton frame, preferably by means of ropes I, attached to eyebolts I, passing through slots near the ends of the boards, said ropes running over pulleys carried by hangers K, clamped to the skeleton frame above the wall. The clamps which hold the moldboards in place are preferably formed of two members L L, pivotally and adjustably connected together near the upper end by a pivot-bolt Z, mounted in slots in the members. The members L L of the clamp are crossed at the pivot-point and have upwardly-extending portions Z, which are connected by a right-and-left' screw M, having a central hand-wheel and passing through swivel-nuts min the upwardly-extending portions 1. The lower arms of the members of the clamp fit around the outer. sides of the oppositely-disposed moldboards, while the extreme ends are adapted to rest against the finished portion of the wall. The moldboards fit into recesses, as it were, in the clamps,

such recesses being of a depth equal to the thickness of the boards. Thus the previouslycompleted portion of the wall forms a gage for determining the thickness of the subsequently-formed portion. The skeleton frame will to a certain extent form a gage to keep the wall plumb; but in addition the clamps may, where so desired, be provided with an indicator or plumb, as at N.

In the building of a wall in accordance with the present invention the moldboards are held and supported in place as just described, while the collapsible core is supported on the tie-pieces, which are embedded between each course,'care being taken that the lower edges of the moldboards overlap the previouslyformed course, so as to eliminate any appearance of joints in the finished face of the wall. The material having been tempered to the proper consistency is poured into the space between the moldboards and core and tamped down solid, preferably by a jarring mechanism imparting rapid but light blows. After it is properly set the collapsible core is released and raised up and supported in'position for the next course by ties placed across beneath it. The clamps and moldboards are then released and drawn up by the supporting-ropes and pulleys, the whole being properly positioned about the skeleton framing to form the next course. The construction of the skeleton frame may be proceeding at the same time, and when the wall has reached a sufficient height the hangers are moved from one rider to the next, thus permitting the work to proceed without interruption. In practice it is found that the shifting of the molds to form new courses may be accomplished in a very short time and with very little labor, and the whole constructionmay proceed with the workmen .on I

the inner sides of the walls, thereby avoiding the necessity for expensive scafiolding and staging, such as is ordinarily used.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with the skeleton frame adapted to be incorporated in a cement wall and a hanger carried by said frame, of'moldboards suspended from said hanger on opposite sides of the frame, clamps embracing said boards, secured together above the boards and positioned by the wall below the boards, a collapsible core in the plane of the frame between the boards, and tie-pieces for supporting said collapsible core; substantially as described.

2. Inamoldboardforformingcement walls, the combination with the side boards, of the filling-pieces between said boards at the ends forming solid end sections, and diagonal braces between said side boards interme- IIS diate the end filling-pieces; substantially as described.

'3. In a moldboard for formingcement walls, the combination with the side boards, of the end fillingspieces between said boards, and the intermediate diagonal braces between said boards, the upper and lower ends of adjacent braces extending past each other; substantially as described.

4. In a moldboard fo 1' form ing cement walls, the combination with the side boards, of the end filling-pieces between said boards, and the intermediate diagonal braces between the boards having tapered projecting ends; substantially as described.

5. A collapsible core for forming hollow cement walls embodying side boards and braces extending transversely of and hinged at one CHARLES e. GANFIELD.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER S. STEUART, THOMAS DURANT.

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