[go: up one dir, main page]

US6924382B2 - Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids - Google Patents

Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6924382B2
US6924382B2 US10/431,318 US43131803A US6924382B2 US 6924382 B2 US6924382 B2 US 6924382B2 US 43131803 A US43131803 A US 43131803A US 6924382 B2 US6924382 B2 US 6924382B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
weight
fatty acids
fatty acid
trans
equivalents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10/431,318
Other versions
US20040224070A1 (en
Inventor
George K. Strohmaier
Eiler D. Frederiksen
Nestor D. Luchini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ESMAH Inc
Nusci Laboratories LLC
Virtus Nutrition LLC
Original Assignee
Nusci Laboratories LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nusci Laboratories LLC filed Critical Nusci Laboratories LLC
Priority to US10/431,318 priority Critical patent/US6924382B2/en
Assigned to NOREL ACQUISITION CORPORATION reassignment NOREL ACQUISITION CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ESMAH, INC.
Assigned to ESMAH, INC. reassignment ESMAH, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FREDERIKSEN, EILER D.
Assigned to NOREL ACQUISITION CORP. reassignment NOREL ACQUISITION CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUCHINI, NESTOR D., STROHMAIER, GEORGE K.
Priority to US10/840,494 priority patent/US6998496B2/en
Priority to AT04760737T priority patent/ATE402616T1/en
Priority to DE602004015471T priority patent/DE602004015471D1/en
Priority to JP2006514325A priority patent/JP2007526346A/en
Priority to CA2524451A priority patent/CA2524451C/en
Priority to PCT/US2004/014377 priority patent/WO2004098312A1/en
Priority to ES04760737T priority patent/ES2311840T3/en
Priority to PL04760737T priority patent/PL1656034T3/en
Priority to PT04760737T priority patent/PT1656034E/en
Priority to EP04760737A priority patent/EP1656034B1/en
Publication of US20040224070A1 publication Critical patent/US20040224070A1/en
Assigned to VIRTUS NUTRITION LLC reassignment VIRTUS NUTRITION LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NOREL ACQUISITION CORPORATION
Publication of US6924382B2 publication Critical patent/US6924382B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to CITY NATIONAL BANK reassignment CITY NATIONAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VIRTUS NUTRITION, LLC
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
    • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids that are of particular interest as nutritional supplements.
  • the most familiar form in which fatty acids in general are protected from microbial action in the rumen are the fatty acid calcium salts disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,642,317; 4,826,694; 4,853,233 and 4,909,138. This form of fatty acid protection is widely accepted in the dairy and beef cattle industries.
  • Unsaturated fatty acids do not readily react to form calcium salts using the processes disclosed by the above-listed patents. Instead of forming free-flowing granules, a mass develops that hardens into a tough material that resists grinding into the fine particles required for consumption by cattle. The resulting material also lacks storage stability. The product tends to auto-oxidize through an exothermic reaction that leads to a congealing of the product mass horn its free flowing granular state to a hard amorphous state, suggesting that significant quantities of unreacted starting materials are present in the final product.
  • rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acid cattle feed supplements must be in a form acceptable to the cattle industry. Therefore, a need exists for unsaturated fatty acid calcium salts that are storage stable and easily formed into particles small enough for cattle to consume that also confer a nutritional benefit to the cattle.
  • cows fed a rumen-protected source of trans-C18:1 fatty acids will have decreased concentrations of milk fat, hepatic triacylglycerol, and lower incidence of sub-clinical ketosis during early postpartum, and that feeding a rumen-protected source of linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids during the transition period will increase synthesis of PGF 2a .
  • the linoleic fatty acids are will thus hasten uterine involution and reduce the incidence of clinical and subclinical uterine inflammation; which translates to increased fertility.
  • the present invention combines both sources of fatty acids into one calcium salt feed supplement product that when fed to a lactating cow will achieve a better transition phase.
  • a free-flowing unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt product containing from about 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of calcium hydroxide relative to the fatty acid content, with the fatty acid content consisting essentially of
  • the ratio of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 is between about 60 and about 80% by weight of trans-C18:1 to between about 20 and about 40% by weight of C18:2.
  • the present invention employs a process by which highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks may be converted to free-flowing powder or granular fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplements.
  • the use of highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks represents a significant departure from conventional processes for the manufacture of fatty acid calcium salt feed supplements.
  • the process is employed as either a batch or a continuous process.
  • fatty acid feedstocks are added to a production vessel.
  • the mixing should be accomplished in a kettle designed so that intensive and intimate contacting occurs between the calcium oxide and fat admixture so that a homogeneous dispersion of the calcium oxide particles results.
  • Kettles may be either vertical or horizontal in configuration, and there is no need for jacketing for the purpose of heat input since the unit is operated adiabatically (no external heat input or output).
  • the types of internal mixing elements span a wide gap but would include those with propeller, turbine, plows with chopper blades, or preferably ‘Cowles-type’ mixing blades as examples, but others may apply. These same devices are also be suitable for dispersing and homogenizing the water fraction into the fat admixture and calcium oxide.
  • Unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks are employed containing from about 40 to about 95% by weight of unsaturated C:16-C:22 fatty acids.
  • the feedstocks should contain no more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insolubles and unsaponifiables and no more than about 20% by weight of the fatty acids should be in the form of glyceride.
  • unsaturated fatty acids having from 16-22 carbon atoms and from one to six double bonds are suitable for use with the present invention.
  • any source of unsaturated fatty acids may be employed, inclusive of fatty acid sources of animal, vegetable or fish origin.
  • Pre-treatment processes may be needed to reduce moisture, insolubles, unsaponifiables, and glycerides below about 10% by weight.
  • the level of glycerides which include monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, may be reduced by hydrolysis or saponification.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks are selected on the basis of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 content.
  • Fatty acid feedstocks high in trans-C18:1 content (about 50 weight percent and higher, and typically between about 50 and about 75 weight percent) arc obtained from soybean oil.
  • Fatly acid feedstocks high in C18:2 content (about 50 weight percent and higher, and typically between about 50 and about 75 weight percent) are obtained from safflower oil, although any appropriate source of either or both fatty acids may be used with the invention.
  • the amount of saturated fatty acids in the feedstock must be at a level of 25% by weight or greater. Feedstocks having less than 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids must be blended with another fatty acid feedstock having greater than 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids in an amount effective to produce at least 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids in the resulting admixture.
  • a preferred source of saturated fatty acids is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
  • PFAD palm fatty acid distillate
  • the fatty acid feedstock with higher levels of saturated fatty acids can be present in a blend at a level up to about 5 and about 60% by weight, and preferably between about 5 and about 30% by weight. Such blends can be reacted with greater than 1.75 equivalents of calcium oxide, although such calcium oxide levels arc not necessary to produce a commercially acceptable product when saturated fatty acid levels exceed 25% by weight.
  • Saturated fatty acids have higher melting points than unsaturated fatty acids. Accordingly, it may be necessary to heat the unsaturated fatty acid feedstock to form a uniform, liquid admixture with the second fatty acid feedstock having a combined saturated fatty acid content of 25% by weight or greater.
  • a temperature up to about 80° C. is suitable, with a temperature between about 50 and about 60° C. being preferred.
  • Calcium oxide is added to the fatty acid feedstock in the range of from about 1.0 to about 2.5 equivalents relative to the fatty acid feedstock.
  • a calcium oxide level above about 1.4 equivalents is preferred, with about 1.75 equivalents being more preferred, so that highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks may be employed.
  • a calcium oxide level between about 2.0 and 2.3 equivalents is most preferred.
  • the excess water is converted to steam by the exothermic heat generated, which boils off rapidly.
  • the reaction can be performed under atmospheric pressure, or under vacuum to draw off the steam.
  • the amount of time required for the reaction is typically between about 5 and about 60 minutes, and more typically between about 6 and about 10 minutes.
  • the reaction is easily identified by the transformation of the admixture into a solid granular mass Upon further agitation, the mass further transforms into a free-flowing granular material, which, upon transfer from the reaction vessel, can easily be processed into free-flowing particles.
  • Products according to the present invention will contain from about 40 to about 65% by weight of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids. Particularly preferred products have a total fatty acid content of about 85 weight percent.
  • the trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatly acids are present in a ratio between about 60 and about 80 weight percent trans-C18:1 to between about 20 and about 40 weight percent C18:2, with a ratio of between about 65 and about 75 weight percent trans-C18:1 to between about 25 and about 35 weight percent C18:2 being more preferred.
  • a 70:30 weight ratio of trans-C18:1 to C18:2 is most preferred.
  • a biologically active material can be included as an optional ingredient in the invention process.
  • biologically active material it is meant any substance capable of being administered orally in a feed composition.
  • Preferred biologically active materials are susceptible to inactivation in the rumen bimicrobes and digestive juices, and are thereby protected therefrom by incorporation into the fatty acid calcium salts of the present invention.
  • the biologically active material can be selected from a broad variety of nutrients and medicaments, either as a single component or as a mixture of components, which are illustrated by the following list of active molecular species:
  • Sugars and complex carbohydrates which include both water-soluble and water insoluble monosacchandes, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Particularly preferred carbohydrates include cane molasses and sugar beet byproducts.
  • Amino acid ingredients either singly or in combination, which include arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, tyrosine ethyl HCl, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, sodium glutarnate, potassium glutamate, glycine, proline, serine, cystine ethyl HCl, and the like; and analogues and salts thereof.
  • Vitamin ingredients either singly or in combination, including thiamine HCl, riboflavin, pyridoxine HCl, niacin, inositol, choline chloride, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, Vitamin B,Z, p-aminobenzoic acid, Vitamin A acetate, Vitamin K, Vitamin B, Vitamin E, and the like.
  • Trace element ingredients either singly or in combination, including compounds of cobalt, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, iodine, chlorine, silicon, vanadium, selenium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium
  • Medicament ingredients either singly or in combination, including promazine hydrochloride, chloromedoniate acetate, chlorotetracycline, sulfamethazine, monensin, sodium monensin, poloxalme, oxytetracycline, BOVATEC, and the like.
  • Antioxidants including butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, tocopherols, propyl gallate and ethoxyquin; and preservatives, including sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, ⁇ -hydroxybutenc acid, and the like.
  • the biologically active material is present at a level up to about 20% by weight relative to the fatty acid.
  • the unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplements of the present invention may be conveniently fed to a ruminant admixed with a conventional ruminant feed.
  • the feeds are typically vegetable materials edible by ruminants, such as legume hay, grass hay, corn silage, grass silage, legume silage, corn grain, oats, barley, distiller's grain, brewer's grain, soya bean meal and cottonseed meal.
  • ruminants such as legume hay, grass hay, corn silage, grass silage, legume silage, corn grain, oats, barley, distiller's grain, brewer's grain, soya bean meal and cottonseed meal.
  • the present invention thus provides a method by which rumen-protected fatty acid calcium salts high in trans-C18:1 and C18:2 content may be prepared in a form familiar to and accepted by the dairy and cattle industry for supplementation of cattle diets to improve cow fertility.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

Free-flowing unsaturated fatty acid calcium salts containing from about 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of calcium hydroxide relative to the fatty acid content, with the fatty acid content consisting essentially of
    • (a) from about 40 to about 95% percent by weight of unsaturated C:16-C:22 fatty acids; (b) from about 5 to about 60% by weight of saturated C:14-C:22 fatty acids; and (c) no more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insolubles and unsaponifiables; with no more than about 20% by weight being in for form of glycerides;
    • wherein from about 40 to about 65% by weight of the total product weight consists of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids; provided that when less than 0.75 equivalents of calcium hydroxide is present, the fatty acid content is at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acids.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids that are of particular interest as nutritional supplements.
Unsaturated fatty acids undergo hydrogenation to saturated fatty acids by microbial action in the rumen and must be fed to ruminants in a protected form. U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,737 discloses the encapsulation of unsaturated fatty acids with non-toxic organic materials to protect the unsaturated fatty acids from microbial action in the rumen. The most familiar form in which fatty acids in general are protected from microbial action in the rumen are the fatty acid calcium salts disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,642,317; 4,826,694; 4,853,233 and 4,909,138. This form of fatty acid protection is widely accepted in the dairy and beef cattle industries.
Unsaturated fatty acids, however, do not readily react to form calcium salts using the processes disclosed by the above-listed patents. Instead of forming free-flowing granules, a mass develops that hardens into a tough material that resists grinding into the fine particles required for consumption by cattle. The resulting material also lacks storage stability. The product tends to auto-oxidize through an exothermic reaction that leads to a congealing of the product mass horn its free flowing granular state to a hard amorphous state, suggesting that significant quantities of unreacted starting materials are present in the final product.
To be commercially viable, rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acid cattle feed supplements must be in a form acceptable to the cattle industry. Therefore, a need exists for unsaturated fatty acid calcium salts that are storage stable and easily formed into particles small enough for cattle to consume that also confer a nutritional benefit to the cattle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This need is met by the present invention. It has been discovered that storage stable calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids can be produced in fine particle form either by using elevated levels of calcium oxide, or by reducing the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid feedstock. The preparation of such fatty acids is disclosed in co-pending and commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,559,334, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
It has further been discovered that cows fed a rumen-protected source of trans-C18:1 fatty acids will have decreased concentrations of milk fat, hepatic triacylglycerol, and lower incidence of sub-clinical ketosis during early postpartum, and that feeding a rumen-protected source of linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids during the transition period will increase synthesis of PGF2a. The linoleic fatty acids are will thus hasten uterine involution and reduce the incidence of clinical and subclinical uterine inflammation; which translates to increased fertility. The present invention combines both sources of fatty acids into one calcium salt feed supplement product that when fed to a lactating cow will achieve a better transition phase.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a free-flowing unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt product is provided containing from about 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of calcium hydroxide relative to the fatty acid content, with the fatty acid content consisting essentially of
    • (a) from about 40 to about 95% percent by weight of unsaturated C:16-C:22 fatty acids; (b) from about 5 to about 60% by weight of saturated C:14-C:22 fatty acids; and (c) no more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insolubles and unsaponifiables; and with no more than about 20% by weight being in the form of glycerides;
    • wherein from about 40 to about 65% by weight of the total product weight consists of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids; provided that when less than 0.75 equivalents of calcium hydroxide is present, the fatty acid content is least 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids.
In preferred products according to the present invention the ratio of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 is between about 60 and about 80% by weight of trans-C18:1 to between about 20 and about 40% by weight of C18:2.
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following description of the preferred embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention employs a process by which highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks may be converted to free-flowing powder or granular fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplements. The use of highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks represents a significant departure from conventional processes for the manufacture of fatty acid calcium salt feed supplements.
The process is employed as either a batch or a continuous process. In a typical process fatty acid feedstocks are added to a production vessel. The mixing should be accomplished in a kettle designed so that intensive and intimate contacting occurs between the calcium oxide and fat admixture so that a homogeneous dispersion of the calcium oxide particles results. Kettles may be either vertical or horizontal in configuration, and there is no need for jacketing for the purpose of heat input since the unit is operated adiabatically (no external heat input or output). The types of internal mixing elements span a wide gap but would include those with propeller, turbine, plows with chopper blades, or preferably ‘Cowles-type’ mixing blades as examples, but others may apply. These same devices are also be suitable for dispersing and homogenizing the water fraction into the fat admixture and calcium oxide.
Unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks are employed containing from about 40 to about 95% by weight of unsaturated C:16-C:22 fatty acids. The feedstocks should contain no more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insolubles and unsaponifiables and no more than about 20% by weight of the fatty acids should be in the form of glyceride. In general, unsaturated fatty acids having from 16-22 carbon atoms and from one to six double bonds are suitable for use with the present invention.
Essentially, any source of unsaturated fatty acids may be employed, inclusive of fatty acid sources of animal, vegetable or fish origin. This includes distillates and soap stocks of lard, tallow, vegetable oils such as canola oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, corn oil, and the like, and byproducts thereof, as well as fish oils and byproducts thereof Pre-treatment processes may be needed to reduce moisture, insolubles, unsaponifiables, and glycerides below about 10% by weight. The level of glycerides, which include monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, may be reduced by hydrolysis or saponification.
The unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks are selected on the basis of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 content. Fatty acid feedstocks high in trans-C18:1 content (about 50 weight percent and higher, and typically between about 50 and about 75 weight percent) arc obtained from soybean oil. Fatly acid feedstocks high in C18:2 content (about 50 weight percent and higher, and typically between about 50 and about 75 weight percent) are obtained from safflower oil, although any appropriate source of either or both fatty acids may be used with the invention.
When the amount of calcium oxide falls below 1.75 equivalents relative to the amount of fatty acid, the amount of saturated fatty acids in the feedstock must be at a level of 25% by weight or greater. Feedstocks having less than 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids must be blended with another fatty acid feedstock having greater than 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids in an amount effective to produce at least 25% by weight of saturated fatty acids in the resulting admixture. A preferred source of saturated fatty acids is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). The fatty acid feedstock with higher levels of saturated fatty acids can be present in a blend at a level up to about 5 and about 60% by weight, and preferably between about 5 and about 30% by weight. Such blends can be reacted with greater than 1.75 equivalents of calcium oxide, although such calcium oxide levels arc not necessary to produce a commercially acceptable product when saturated fatty acid levels exceed 25% by weight.
Saturated fatty acids have higher melting points than unsaturated fatty acids. Accordingly, it may be necessary to heat the unsaturated fatty acid feedstock to form a uniform, liquid admixture with the second fatty acid feedstock having a combined saturated fatty acid content of 25% by weight or greater. A temperature up to about 80° C. is suitable, with a temperature between about 50 and about 60° C. being preferred.
Calcium oxide is added to the fatty acid feedstock in the range of from about 1.0 to about 2.5 equivalents relative to the fatty acid feedstock. A calcium oxide level above about 1.4 equivalents is preferred, with about 1.75 equivalents being more preferred, so that highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks may be employed. A calcium oxide level between about 2.0 and 2.3 equivalents is most preferred.
Water is then added to hydrate the calcium oxide to its hydroxide form, creating a large amount of exothermic heat. The heat that is evolved is sufficient for the fatly acid neutralization reaction to proceed to completion, so that it is not necessary to supply heat to the reaction mixture from external sources from this point forward. Between about two and about five equivalents of water relative to the calcium oxide is added to the reaction mixture, with between about 2.5 and about 3.5 equivalents being preferred. Calcium hydroxide may be substituted for equivalent quantities of calcium oxide and water.
The excess water is converted to steam by the exothermic heat generated, which boils off rapidly. The reaction can be performed under atmospheric pressure, or under vacuum to draw off the steam.
The amount of time required for the reaction is typically between about 5 and about 60 minutes, and more typically between about 6 and about 10 minutes. The reaction is easily identified by the transformation of the admixture into a solid granular mass Upon further agitation, the mass further transforms into a free-flowing granular material, which, upon transfer from the reaction vessel, can easily be processed into free-flowing particles.
Products according to the present invention will contain from about 40 to about 65% by weight of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids. Particularly preferred products have a total fatty acid content of about 85 weight percent. The trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatly acids are present in a ratio between about 60 and about 80 weight percent trans-C18:1 to between about 20 and about 40 weight percent C18:2, with a ratio of between about 65 and about 75 weight percent trans-C18:1 to between about 25 and about 35 weight percent C18:2 being more preferred. A 70:30 weight ratio of trans-C18:1 to C18:2 is most preferred.
A biologically active material can be included as an optional ingredient in the invention process. By the term “biologically active material”, it is meant any substance capable of being administered orally in a feed composition. Preferred biologically active materials are susceptible to inactivation in the rumen bimicrobes and digestive juices, and are thereby protected therefrom by incorporation into the fatty acid calcium salts of the present invention. The biologically active material can be selected from a broad variety of nutrients and medicaments, either as a single component or as a mixture of components, which are illustrated by the following list of active molecular species:
1. Sugars and complex carbohydrates which include both water-soluble and water insoluble monosacchandes, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Particularly preferred carbohydrates include cane molasses and sugar beet byproducts.
2. Amino acid ingredients, either singly or in combination, which include arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, tyrosine ethyl HCl, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, sodium glutarnate, potassium glutamate, glycine, proline, serine, cystine ethyl HCl, and the like; and analogues and salts thereof.
3. Vitamin ingredients, either singly or in combination, including thiamine HCl, riboflavin, pyridoxine HCl, niacin, inositol, choline chloride, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, Vitamin B,Z, p-aminobenzoic acid, Vitamin A acetate, Vitamin K, Vitamin B, Vitamin E, and the like.
4. Trace element ingredients, either singly or in combination, including compounds of cobalt, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, iodine, chlorine, silicon, vanadium, selenium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium
5. Protein ingredients obtained from sources such as dried blood or meat meal, meat and bone meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower seed meal, canola meal, safflower meal, dehydrated alfalfa, corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, potato protein, dried and sterilized animal and poultry manure, fish meal, fish and poultry protein isolates, crab protein concentrate, hydrolyzed protein feather meal, poultry byproduct meal, liquid or powdered egg, milk whey, egg albumen, cascin, fish solubles, cell cream, brewer's residues, and the like.
6. Medicament ingredients, either singly or in combination, including promazine hydrochloride, chloromedoniate acetate, chlorotetracycline, sulfamethazine, monensin, sodium monensin, poloxalme, oxytetracycline, BOVATEC, and the like.
7. Antioxidants, including butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, tocopherols, propyl gallate and ethoxyquin; and preservatives, including sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, ∝-hydroxybutenc acid, and the like.
The biologically active material is present at a level up to about 20% by weight relative to the fatty acid.
The unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplements of the present invention may be conveniently fed to a ruminant admixed with a conventional ruminant feed. The feeds are typically vegetable materials edible by ruminants, such as legume hay, grass hay, corn silage, grass silage, legume silage, corn grain, oats, barley, distiller's grain, brewer's grain, soya bean meal and cottonseed meal. There is no particular lower limit of the calcium salt to be added to the ruminant feed, although in practice, amounts of the calcium salt below about 1% of the dry solids content of the feed are too small to provide significant benefits.
The following non-limiting example illustrates certain aspects of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight, and all temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
EXAMPLE
13.8 pounds of calcium oxide was added to a vertical mixer with Cowles-type mixing blades containing 78.2 pounds of a mixture of soybean oil (hydrogenated to provide a transC18:1 content of 60 weight percent) blended with safflower oil. The respective amounts of the two oils were selected to provide 60 percent total product weight of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 in a 70:30 ratio of trans-C18:1 to C18:2. The oils had by concentration 95% by weight free fatty acid. The total unsaturated fatty acid content was 90% by weight. Prior to adding the calcium oxide, the oil blend was heated to a temperature of 60° C. After the calcium oxide was uniformly dispersed, 10.8 pounds of water was added, and the temperature of the mixture rose to 120° C. Agitation continued until a uniform, homogenous mixture was obtained, which was dumped from the vessel into a tray, in which the reaction went to completion and the product cooled. Milling of the finished product produced a free-flowing granule that was not dusty having a total fat content of about 83% by weight.
The present invention thus provides a method by which rumen-protected fatty acid calcium salts high in trans-C18:1 and C18:2 content may be prepared in a form familiar to and accepted by the dairy and cattle industry for supplementation of cattle diets to improve cow fertility. The foregoing examples and description of the preferred embodiment should be taken as illustrating, rather than as limiting, the present invention as defined by the claims. As will be readily appreciated, numerous variations, and combinations of the features set forth above can be utilized without departing from the present invention as set forth in the claims. Such variations are not regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (3)

1. A free-flowing unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt comprising from about 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of calcium hydroxide relative to the fatty acid content, said fatty acid content consisting essentially of:
(a) from about 40 to about 95% percent by weight of unsaturated C:16-C:22 fatty acids; (b) from about 5 to about 60% by weight of saturated C:14-C:22 fatty acids; and (c) no more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insolubles and unsaponifiables; with no more than about 20% by weight being in the form of glycerides;
wherein from about 40 to about 65% by weight of the total product weight consists of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids; provided that when less than 0.75 equivalents of calcium hydroxide is present, said fatty acid content is at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acids.
2. The fatty acid calcium salt of claim 1, wherein the ratio of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids is between about 60 and about 80% by weight of trans-C18:1 fatty acids to between about 20 and about 40% by weight of C18:2 fatty acids.
3. The fatty acid calcium salt of claim 2, wherein the ratio of trans-C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids is between about 65 and about 75% by weight of trans-C18:1 fatty acids to between about 25 and about 35% by weight of C18:2 fatty acids.
US10/431,318 2003-05-06 2003-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids Expired - Lifetime US6924382B2 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/431,318 US6924382B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2003-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids
AT04760737T ATE402616T1 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 CALCIUM SALTS OF TRANS- AND POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS BYWARDING THE TRUMEN
EP04760737A EP1656034B1 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
PCT/US2004/014377 WO2004098312A1 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
PT04760737T PT1656034E (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
DE602004015471T DE602004015471D1 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 CALCIUM SALT OF TRANS AND MULTIPLE UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
JP2006514325A JP2007526346A (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
CA2524451A CA2524451C (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
US10/840,494 US6998496B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
ES04760737T ES2311840T3 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 CALCIUM SALTS OF TRANS AND POLYINSATURATED FAT ACIDS NOT DEGRADABLE IN THE RUMEN.
PL04760737T PL1656034T3 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/431,318 US6924382B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2003-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/840,494 Continuation-In-Part US6998496B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040224070A1 US20040224070A1 (en) 2004-11-11
US6924382B2 true US6924382B2 (en) 2005-08-02

Family

ID=33416432

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/431,318 Expired - Lifetime US6924382B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2003-05-06 Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US6924382B2 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070092617A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-26 Arnaldo Burgos Apparatus for use in making ruminant feedstuff
US20070292572A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-12-20 Rohwer Gary L Preparing oil seed for ruminant feed
US8178707B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2012-05-15 Jost Chemical Company Co-precipitated salts of fatty acids
US9078847B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-07-14 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional products including a novel fat system including monoglycerides

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007066232A2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-06-14 Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd. Salts of fatty acids and methods of making and using thereof
CA2862398A1 (en) * 2012-01-04 2013-07-11 Nutriquest, Llc. A high energy rumen inert feedstuff

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4642317A (en) 1981-06-16 1987-02-10 The Ohio Agricultural Research And Development Center Process for feeding ruminant animals and composition for use therein
US4826694A (en) 1985-10-14 1989-05-02 Balfour Manufacturing Company Ruminant feedstuffs, their production and apparatus for use therein
US4853233A (en) 1984-04-10 1989-08-01 Balfour Manufacturing Company Ruminant feedstuffs, their production and apparatus for use therein
US5004728A (en) 1988-03-11 1991-04-02 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Methods of increasing milk yields in ruminants
US5143737A (en) 1989-10-13 1992-09-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Method to produce unsaturated milk fat and meat from ruminant animals
US5250307A (en) 1991-12-04 1993-10-05 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Production of feed supplement compositions
US5416115A (en) 1992-06-19 1995-05-16 University Of Maryland, Dept. Of Animal Sciences Method for regulating milk fat and milk production using trans-fatty acids
JPH10327766A (en) 1997-05-30 1998-12-15 Nof Corp Feed composition for treatment of urolithiasis and its production
WO1999066877A2 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Agricultural Research Organization Dietary manipulation to increase fertility
WO1999066876A2 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Agricultural Research Organization Dietary manipulation to increase freezability and hypothermic storage of sperm and eggs
US6521249B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2003-02-18 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Feedstock for prepartum dairy cattle

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4642317B1 (en) 1981-06-16 1996-12-31 Ohio Agricultural Res & Dev Process for feeding ruminant animals and composition for use therein
US4642317A (en) 1981-06-16 1987-02-10 The Ohio Agricultural Research And Development Center Process for feeding ruminant animals and composition for use therein
US4853233A (en) 1984-04-10 1989-08-01 Balfour Manufacturing Company Ruminant feedstuffs, their production and apparatus for use therein
US4909138A (en) 1984-04-10 1990-03-20 Balfour Manufacturing Co. Ruminant feedstuffs, their production and apparatus for use therein
US4826694A (en) 1985-10-14 1989-05-02 Balfour Manufacturing Company Ruminant feedstuffs, their production and apparatus for use therein
US5004728A (en) 1988-03-11 1991-04-02 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Methods of increasing milk yields in ruminants
US5143737A (en) 1989-10-13 1992-09-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Method to produce unsaturated milk fat and meat from ruminant animals
US5250307A (en) 1991-12-04 1993-10-05 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Production of feed supplement compositions
US5416115A (en) 1992-06-19 1995-05-16 University Of Maryland, Dept. Of Animal Sciences Method for regulating milk fat and milk production using trans-fatty acids
JPH10327766A (en) 1997-05-30 1998-12-15 Nof Corp Feed composition for treatment of urolithiasis and its production
WO1999066877A2 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Agricultural Research Organization Dietary manipulation to increase fertility
WO1999066876A2 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Agricultural Research Organization Dietary manipulation to increase freezability and hypothermic storage of sperm and eggs
IL125096A (en) 1998-06-25 2001-10-31 Israel State Dietary manipulation to increase freezability and hypothermic storage of sperm
IL125097A (en) 1998-06-25 2003-01-12 Israel State Dietary manipulation to increase fertility
US6521249B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2003-02-18 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Feedstock for prepartum dairy cattle

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070092617A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-26 Arnaldo Burgos Apparatus for use in making ruminant feedstuff
US20070292572A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-12-20 Rohwer Gary L Preparing oil seed for ruminant feed
US9167834B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2015-10-27 Gary L. Rohwer Preparing oil seed for ruminant feed
US8178707B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2012-05-15 Jost Chemical Company Co-precipitated salts of fatty acids
US9078847B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-07-14 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional products including a novel fat system including monoglycerides
US9078846B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-07-14 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional products including monoglycerides and fatty acids
US9433586B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2016-09-06 Abbott Laboratories Methods of improving tolerance related to feeding in an infant, toddler, or child
US9446005B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2016-09-20 Abbott Laboratories Methods for improving tolerance, digestion, and lipid soluble nutrient absorption in an infant, toddler, or child
US9844517B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2017-12-19 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional products including a novel fat system including fatty acids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040224070A1 (en) 2004-11-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6229031B1 (en) Method for manufacturing rumen bypass feed supplements
US6392075B1 (en) Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturated fatty acids
US8093415B2 (en) Polyunsaturated fatty acid monovalent and divalent metal salt synthesis
AU2001293191A1 (en) Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturated fatty acids
CN104093321A (en) Animal feed and a process for its preparation
US5382678A (en) Batch process for fatty acid alkaline earth metal salt production
US5928687A (en) Rumen by-pass feed supplement
US6998496B2 (en) Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
US6924382B2 (en) Rumen bypass calcium salts of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids
US20050171367A1 (en) Method for manufacturing a combined fatty acid / lecithin ruminally protected feed supplement.
JPH02286047A (en) Feed for milk cow
MXPA05011915A (en) Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
HK1081524B (en) Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturation fatty acids

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ESMAH, INC., NEVADA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FREDERIKSEN, EILER D.;REEL/FRAME:014884/0424

Effective date: 20031130

Owner name: NOREL ACQUISITION CORPORATION, OHIO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ESMAH, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014884/0427

Effective date: 20031130

AS Assignment

Owner name: NOREL ACQUISITION CORP., OHIO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STROHMAIER, GEORGE K.;LUCHINI, NESTOR D.;REEL/FRAME:014925/0240;SIGNING DATES FROM 20031029 TO 20031031

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

AS Assignment

Owner name: VIRTUS NUTRITION LLC, OHIO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NOREL ACQUISITION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:016275/0707

Effective date: 20041223

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAT HOLDER CLAIMS SMALL ENTITY STATUS, ENTITY STATUS SET TO SMALL (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: LTOS); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

SULP Surcharge for late payment
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

AS Assignment

Owner name: CITY NATIONAL BANK, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VIRTUS NUTRITION, LLC;REEL/FRAME:048865/0621

Effective date: 20190410