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US6923385B2 - Nozzle for coating surfaces - Google Patents

Nozzle for coating surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US6923385B2
US6923385B2 US10/482,113 US48211304A US6923385B2 US 6923385 B2 US6923385 B2 US 6923385B2 US 48211304 A US48211304 A US 48211304A US 6923385 B2 US6923385 B2 US 6923385B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
channel
orifice
channels
gaseous medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US10/482,113
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English (en)
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US20040251320A1 (en
Inventor
Vesa Koponen
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20040251320A1 publication Critical patent/US20040251320A1/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/061—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with several liquid outlets discharging one or several liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle designed to be used for coating, painting and/or otherwise treating surfaces with a reaction product of at least two fluid substances mixing and/or reacting with each other or possibly with a reaction product of said substances and the surface material of the object to be sprayed, in which nozzle the mixing of the substances takes place in an outer space after the nozzle, and which nozzle has concentric channels for each fluid substance, the orifices of said channels being placed close to each other at the end of the nozzle.
  • substance pairs reacting quickly with each other are often sprayed from separate nozzles with a sufficient distance between them.
  • the mixing of the sprayed substances in this type of nozzles is more or less non-uniform—resulting in non-uniform quality of the reaction product.
  • the distance between the nozzles also means a larger size of equipment and a greater possibility of external conditions—such as e.g. wind—influencing the result.
  • nozzles in which substance pairs are sprayed from contiguous apertures and in which the substances therefore only meet and react with each other in the air space outside the nozzle.
  • the use of such nozzles is subject to limitations such as—on the one hand—turbulence of air currents occurring in the outflow area of the nozzle, as a result of which a solid reaction product sticks to the outer surface of the nozzle, thus increasing the layer that blocks the nozzle, and—on the other hand—clogging of the nozzle due to the small size of the nozzle apertures.
  • Patent specification U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,011 discloses a nozzle for supplying two fluid substances that react with each other, producing a powdery salt, separately from two concentric channels, which fluid substances are set into gyratory motion about the nozzle axis by means of spiral fins before being discharged from their channels, so that they are discharged from their channels as conical jets intersecting outside the nozzle.
  • This nozzle is not intended for the coating of surfaces and it would not be applicable for that use due to the type of spray it produces and the risk of clogging caused by the fins.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to achieve a manually operated and reliable nozzle of the type specified in the preamble for the coating of surfaces, the spray discharged from said nozzle being easy to direct to a desired spot, even narrow places.
  • the essential point about the nozzle of the invention is that, between the concentric channels for fluid substances to be mixed together, such as liquids, suspensions, masses, powders etc., it has a likewise concentric intermediate channel for a gaseous medium, such as air, steam, nitrogen or the like, which is connected to a pressure source.
  • a gaseous medium such as air, steam, nitrogen or the like
  • the flow of gaseous medium supplied from the intermediate channel serves to keep the fluid substances coming from the middle and outer channels clear of the edge of the channel orifice—thereby greatly contributing towards keeping the nozzle unclogged.
  • the gaseous medium prevents the flows of fluid substances from getting mixed prematurely on the surface of the nozzle—thus preventing clogging of the nozzle.
  • the gaseous medium may also participate in the reaction between the fluid substances as a catalyst and/or reactant, e.g. as an oxidizer.
  • the intermediate channel for gaseous medium connected to a pressure source has a conically tapering shape in the region near the orifice so that the diameter of the tapered orifice of the intermediate channel is equal to or somewhat smaller than the inner diameter of the actual intermediate channel.
  • the orifice of the intermediate channel is larger than the orifice of the middle channel, so that the fluid substance supplied from the middle channel will not touch the edges of the intermediate channel orifice.
  • the flow of gaseous medium from the intermediate channel also functions as an ejector of the fluid substance supplied from the outer channel.
  • the conical part of the intermediate channel guides the ejected mixture issuing from the outer channel towards the flow of gaseous medium coming from the intermediate channel, which intersects the flow of the substance to be mixed coming from the middle channel, thus causing the substances supplied from the channels of the nozzle to be effectively mixed with each other.
  • the gas flow simultaneously functions—as is known in prior art—as a factor determining the angle of dispersion of the mixture of the fluid substances merged, as well as a key factor determining the jet length and droplet or particle formation of the spray.
  • a third essential feature of the nozzle of the invention is that the intermediate channel of circular cross-section tapers in the part near the orifice obliquely towards the center axis of the nozzle. This feature contributes to the formation of a uniform and symmetric flow field and to a uniform quality of the spraying result. In the free space, the inwards directed gas flow spreads out, causing the fluid substances to be effectively mixed together.
  • the efficiency of the nozzle of the invention can additionally by increased by providing it with a concentric outermost channel placed outside the outer channel for fluid substance and connected to the pressure source for gaseous medium.
  • a gas flow as mentioned above promotes the ejection and mixing of especially fluid substances having a greater viscosity. It can also be utilized for influencing the direction of the mixture flow, the droplet or particle formation and jet length. In certain cases, the same effect can be achieved by connecting the middle channel and/or the outer channel for fluid substance to the pressure source for gaseous medium, in which case a mixture of fluid substance and gaseous medium is discharged from the channel or channels in question.
  • the part of the outer channel for fluid substance near the orifice is conically tapered and directed obliquely towards the center axis of the nozzle.
  • the inner edge of the outer channel for fluid substance extends farthest from the nozzle, forming a kind of “material umbrella” between the flows of fluid substances. Together with the gaseous medium discharged from the intermediate channel, it prevents the fluid substances from merging in the nozzle, yet at the same time bringing the fluid substance flowing from the outer channel as close as possible to the fluid substance flowing from the middle channel, thus enhancing the ejector effect of the intermediate channel as well as the mixing of the fluid substances.
  • the diameter of the orifice of the inner edge of the outer channel is preferably larger than the diameter of the middle channel orifice in order that the fluid substance supplied from the middle channel should not come into contact with it.
  • the channel orifices preferably have sharp edges. This has a favorable effect, among other things, on the gas flow in the immediate vicinity of the surface and helps achieve more effective sweeping of the surfaces while reducing turbulence at the edge of the orifice. This also allows easier detachment of droplets or particles from the orifices of the channels of the nozzle.
  • the conicality of the nozzle channels in the area near the orifices increases from the middle channel towards the outermost channel.
  • This arrangement is designed to direct the flows discharged from all channels substantially to the same “focus or focal area” on the center axis of the nozzle, which further increases the efficiency of mixing of the substances with each other.
  • the inner surfaces of the orifices may be of conical shape.
  • their tapering form may also be curvilinear, in which case the gas currents will follow these curved surfaces more readily. In this case, the currents will follow the surface in the rounded area as well, without causing turbulence (Coanda effect). This is another factor that helps keep the surfaces clean.
  • the nozzle may be provided with compressed air jets, preferably of a point-form design, placed at either side of the nozzle end and directed obliquely towards each other and towards a point in front of the nozzle, said jets serving to flatten the conical spray discharged from the nozzle into a substantially planar plume when necessary, e.g. when coating the edges of a planar surface.
  • compressed air jets preferably of a point-form design
  • the middle channel and/or any tube surrounding it is axially movable e.g. by means of a screw-type coupling, to allow adjustment of the size of the orifice of any channel, preferably within a range of about 0-2 mm.
  • FIG. 1 presents a sectioned side view of a nozzle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 presents a sectioned side view of another nozzle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 presents a detail of the nozzle in FIG. 2 .
  • the nozzle is generally designated by reference number 1 while the nozzle frame is indicated by reference number 2 .
  • the frame 2 encloses a compressed air chamber 13 , which is connected to a compressed air source via channel 12 .
  • a central tube 3 passing through the frame 2 forms a middle channel 4 for a fluid substance, such as e.g. a hardenable liquid coating substance.
  • the fluid substance is discharged from the central tube 3 orifice 4 ′, which has sharp edges formed by chamfering the end of the central tube 3 from the outside so as to form a cone tapering towards the edge.
  • the nozzle 1 in FIG. 1 has an intermediate tube 5 outside and concentric with the central tube 3 . Between the intermediate tube 5 and the central tube 3 , an intermediate channel 6 of circular cross-section is thus formed, and this channel communicates with the compressed air chamber 13 via an aperture or apertures 15 . In the portion near the orifice 6 ′, the end of the intermediate tube 5 is so tapered that both the inner surface and the outer surface of the intermediate tube 5 are tapering cones. The edges of the narrowed orifice 6 ′ of the intermediate tube 5 are sharp and its diameter D 1 is smaller than the external diameter D 2 of the non-tapered part of the actual central tube 3 .
  • the diameter D 1 of the orifice 6 ′ of the intermediate tube 5 is larger than the diameter of the orifice 4 ′ of the central tube 3 , so that the fluid substance supplied from the central tube 3 will not touch the edge of the orifice 6 ′ of the intermediate tube 5 .
  • the intermediate tube 5 extends farthest of all in the nozzle over the central tube 3 , thus forming a kind of umbrella over the central tube 3 .
  • the intermediate tube 5 is again concentrically surrounded by a tube 7 which, together with the intermediate tube 5 , forms a channel 8 of circular cross-section for a fluid substance, such as e.g. a liquid accelerant, which is supplied into the channel 8 from a pipeline 11 .
  • tube 7 is slightly shorter than the central tube 3 and its sharp-edged orifice 8 ′ has a diameter smaller than the external diameter of the intermediate tube 5 .
  • the outermost concentric tube 9 and the tube 7 inside it delimit between them a channel 10 of circular cross-section, which communicates with the compressed air chamber 13 via an aperture or apertures 14 .
  • the end of the outermost tube 9 near the orifice 10 ′ is also tapered so that both the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube 9 are tapered cones and the orifice 10 ′ has sharp edges.
  • the diameter D 5 of the orifice 10 ′ is approximately the same as the external diameter D 4 of the intermediate tube 5 in its non-tapered part.
  • the outermost tube 9 is shorter than the intermediate tube 5 but longer than the central tube 3 .
  • the orifices 4 ′, 6 ′, 8 ′, 10 ′ of all the tubes 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 are chamfered and sharp-edged.
  • the ends of all the tubes 5 , 7 , 9 concentrically surrounding the central tube 3 have been narrowed by being formed as tapering cones.
  • the nozzle has an angular shoulder between the cylindrical tubes and the cones, but the tube ends can also be narrowed in a gentle fashion by using curved surfaces. Such an embodiment is not presented in the drawings.
  • the jet of liquid coating substance sprayed from the middle channel 4 and the jet of accelerant sprayed from channel 8 meet outside the end of the nozzle 1 somewhere near its center axis and are mixed in the air space outside the nozzle in a controlled manner, assisted by the compressed air jets discharged from the intermediate channel 6 and the outermost channel 10 , without a risk of the nozzle being clogged.
  • the tubes forming the aforesaid channels are preferably separable from each other to allow them to be cleaned.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to the embodiment in FIG. 1 in all other respects except that the end of the tube 7 surrounding the intermediate tube 5 is not shaped in the form of tapering cones as in the embodiment presented in FIG. 1 . Instead, a sharp edge the orifice 8 ′ has been formed by chamfering the outer surface of the tube 7 into a conical form, as in the case of the central tube 3 , too.
  • FIG. 3 presents a detail of the nozzle 1 .
  • the intermediate tube 5 and the outermost tube 9 have conically tapered end portions 5 b and 9 b , which direct the circular currents of gaseous medium towards the center axis of the nozzle.
  • the tapered portions 5 b and 9 b are shaped as conical surfaces, but instead of these it would also be possible to have surfaces curved in the direction of flow. In that case, the nozzle would have no angular shoulder 16 between the cylindrical channel and the tapering cone.
  • the flow of gaseous medium discharged from the middle channel 6 is narrowed and directed at an angle ⁇ towards the center axis of the nozzle.
  • the diameter D 2 of the orifice 6 ′ of the intermediate channel 6 which is the most protruding part of the nozzle 1 , is preferably larger than the diameter D 1 of the orifice 4 ′ of the middle channel 4 .
  • D 4 is approximately equal to D 5 .

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  • Nozzles (AREA)
US10/482,113 2001-06-25 2002-06-25 Nozzle for coating surfaces Expired - Fee Related US6923385B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20011341 2001-06-25
FI20011341A FI111054B (fi) 2001-06-25 2001-06-25 Suutin pintojen päällystämiseksi
PCT/FI2002/000560 WO2003000430A1 (en) 2001-06-25 2002-06-25 A nozzle for coating surfaces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040251320A1 US20040251320A1 (en) 2004-12-16
US6923385B2 true US6923385B2 (en) 2005-08-02

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US (1) US6923385B2 (fi)
EP (1) EP1414583A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI111054B (fi)
WO (1) WO2003000430A1 (fi)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080203184A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Wayne Garrison Pneumatic Seasoning System
US20110111124A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-05-12 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for lubricating rollers and a rolled strip of a rolling stand
US20120100496A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2012-04-26 Anne Boer Burner
US20130305799A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2013-11-21 Ns Plant Designing Corporation Rolling mill roll-cleaning device and cleaning method
US8616465B2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2013-12-31 Ep Systems Sa Nozzle body for a liquid droplet spray device
US9032623B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2015-05-19 Shell Oil Company Method of manufacturing a burner front face
US20170284662A1 (en) * 2013-12-04 2017-10-05 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Apparatuses and methods for combustion and material synthesis
US10125324B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-11-13 Praxair Technology, Inc. Integrated system for bitumen partial upgrading

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RU2438796C2 (ru) 2005-05-06 2012-01-10 Дитер ВУРЦ Распылительная насадка, распылительная установка и способ эксплуатации распылительной насадки и распылительной установки
EP2255850B1 (en) * 2005-05-26 2012-07-25 Kidde IP Holdings Limited Suppressing explosions
CN101507908B (zh) 2009-04-09 2010-12-01 北京化工大学 微通道套管式装置及其应用
KR101091088B1 (ko) * 2009-10-09 2011-12-09 세메스 주식회사 2 유체 노즐
US9873096B2 (en) * 2009-12-29 2018-01-23 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Feed nozzle assembly
CN104874498B (zh) * 2015-05-11 2017-06-23 山东科技大学 一种高低压内外混合式空气雾化喷嘴
CN105863720A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-08-17 太原理工大学 一种矿用气泡雾化细水雾降尘设备
CN114682402A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-01 大连理工大学 一种外部射流交叉孔喷射器
CN115870117B (zh) * 2023-02-07 2023-05-19 山东浩纳新材料科技集团有限公司 一种新型喷雾喷嘴

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DE2326440A1 (de) 1973-05-24 1974-12-12 Pfrengle Otto Dr Ing Spruehmischduese
US3929291A (en) 1973-05-24 1975-12-30 Pfrengle Otto Spray mixing nozzle
US4284242A (en) * 1976-10-08 1981-08-18 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Spray head
DE3145390A1 (de) 1981-11-16 1983-05-26 Beiersdorf Ag, 2000 Hamburg Spritzpistole zum gleichzeitigen verspruehen beider komponenten einer beschichtungsmasse
US4502633A (en) * 1982-11-05 1985-03-05 Eastman Kodak Company Variable capacity gasification burner
US4525175A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-06-25 Texaco Inc. High turn down burner for partial oxidation of slurries of solid fuel
US4600151A (en) * 1982-11-23 1986-07-15 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Fuel injector assembly with water or auxiliary fuel capability
FR2594528A1 (fr) 1986-02-20 1987-08-21 Petavit Ets Embout de melange de fluides pour appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4788011A (en) 1983-08-24 1988-11-29 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of chemical compounds obtained as solids from liquid starting substances
US4887962A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-12-19 Shell Oil Company Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face
US5560896A (en) 1993-08-31 1996-10-01 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing granulated sodium percarbonate
JP2000153182A (ja) 1998-11-20 2000-06-06 Nippon Paint Co Ltd スプレー塗装機
US6360677B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2002-03-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Injector for a burner and corresponding injection system
US6565010B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2003-05-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hot gas atomization

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326440A1 (de) 1973-05-24 1974-12-12 Pfrengle Otto Dr Ing Spruehmischduese
US3929291A (en) 1973-05-24 1975-12-30 Pfrengle Otto Spray mixing nozzle
US4284242A (en) * 1976-10-08 1981-08-18 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Spray head
DE3145390A1 (de) 1981-11-16 1983-05-26 Beiersdorf Ag, 2000 Hamburg Spritzpistole zum gleichzeitigen verspruehen beider komponenten einer beschichtungsmasse
US4502633A (en) * 1982-11-05 1985-03-05 Eastman Kodak Company Variable capacity gasification burner
US4600151A (en) * 1982-11-23 1986-07-15 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Fuel injector assembly with water or auxiliary fuel capability
US4525175A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-06-25 Texaco Inc. High turn down burner for partial oxidation of slurries of solid fuel
US4788011A (en) 1983-08-24 1988-11-29 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of chemical compounds obtained as solids from liquid starting substances
FR2594528A1 (fr) 1986-02-20 1987-08-21 Petavit Ets Embout de melange de fluides pour appareil de fabrication de neige artificielle
US4887962A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-12-19 Shell Oil Company Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face
US5560896A (en) 1993-08-31 1996-10-01 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing granulated sodium percarbonate
JP2000153182A (ja) 1998-11-20 2000-06-06 Nippon Paint Co Ltd スプレー塗装機
US6360677B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2002-03-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Injector for a burner and corresponding injection system
US6565010B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2003-05-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hot gas atomization

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080203184A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Wayne Garrison Pneumatic Seasoning System
US7827929B2 (en) 2007-02-23 2010-11-09 Frito-Lay North America, Inc. Pneumatic seasoning system
US9032623B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2015-05-19 Shell Oil Company Method of manufacturing a burner front face
US20120100496A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2012-04-26 Anne Boer Burner
US20140060135A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2014-03-06 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for lubricating rollers and a rolled strip of a rolling stand
US20110111124A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-05-12 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for lubricating rollers and a rolled strip of a rolling stand
US9254513B2 (en) * 2008-06-18 2016-02-09 Sms Group Gmbh Method and device for lubricating rollers and a rolled strip of a rolling stand
US8616465B2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2013-12-31 Ep Systems Sa Nozzle body for a liquid droplet spray device
US20130305799A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2013-11-21 Ns Plant Designing Corporation Rolling mill roll-cleaning device and cleaning method
US9433986B2 (en) * 2011-05-16 2016-09-06 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd. Rolling mill roll-cleaning device and cleaning method
US20170284662A1 (en) * 2013-12-04 2017-10-05 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Apparatuses and methods for combustion and material synthesis
US10088152B2 (en) * 2013-12-04 2018-10-02 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Apparatuses and methods for combustion and material synthesis
US10125324B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-11-13 Praxair Technology, Inc. Integrated system for bitumen partial upgrading
US10508245B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2019-12-17 Praxair Technology, Inc. Integrated system for bitumen partial upgrading

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003000430A1 (en) 2003-01-03
US20040251320A1 (en) 2004-12-16
EP1414583A1 (en) 2004-05-06
FI111054B (fi) 2003-05-30
FI20011341A0 (fi) 2001-06-25
FI20011341L (fi) 2002-12-26

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