[go: up one dir, main page]

US6799721B2 - Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object - Google Patents

Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6799721B2
US6799721B2 US10/069,377 US6937702A US6799721B2 US 6799721 B2 US6799721 B2 US 6799721B2 US 6937702 A US6937702 A US 6937702A US 6799721 B2 US6799721 B2 US 6799721B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
portable object
display device
peripheral display
card
peripheral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime, expires
Application number
US10/069,377
Other versions
US20020105065A1 (en
Inventor
Olivier Parrault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASK SA
Original Assignee
ASK SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASK SA filed Critical ASK SA
Assigned to ASK S.A. reassignment ASK S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARRAULT, OLIVIER
Publication of US20020105065A1 publication Critical patent/US20020105065A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6799721B2 publication Critical patent/US6799721B2/en
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07701—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction
    • G06K19/07703—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction the interface being visual
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10158—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G06K7/10178—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/20—Point-of-sale [POS] network systems
    • G06Q20/201—Price look-up processing, e.g. updating

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns peripheral objects for portable contactless objects such as smart cards, and particularly a contactless peripheral display device.
  • Portable objects such as smart cards, contact or contactless type
  • ISO format cards which are coupled to readers, by which they are remotely supplied, that is, by which they receive energy in the form of a magnetic field and with which they communicate.
  • remote toll cards have been developed by all of motorway operators in order to provide users with subscription possibilities and to simplify toll booth payment operations. Users of such systems present the cards in front of readers which are installed in the toll booths. Communication thus occurs between the card and the reader. This communication enables user recognition and the corresponding sum to be deducted from the customer's account at the toll booth.
  • peripheral display device on the card, enabling the user to retrieve the information contained in the chip, such as the available balance remaining after a transaction in the case of an electronic wallet or the number of trips still available on a transport card or even the number of hours worked, or the authorization or refusal to access areas reserved for the employees of a company.
  • a peripheral device may also be used to supply the user with more technical information about the card's operation.
  • the solution commonly used is the integration of a liquid crystal display in the reader which informs the user that communication has been properly established and displays the information related to the communication.
  • the drawback of having a display unit built into the reader is that the user can gain access to the information by passing the card in front of the reader. While this is not a problem in the case of an identification card, it becomes much more problematic in the case of an electric wallet or transport card. The user would like to be able to regularly consult his/her balance without having to find a payment terminal just to read the card.
  • the major drawback of these badges is their size.
  • the cases are dimensioned to receive an ISO smart card. As such, contrary to a smart card, they cannot be carried in a wallet and must be carried in a pocket or purse.
  • This drawback is that they require an internal power source.
  • This power source is typically a battery which enables the case to read and display the information stored in the card. The power source must thus be renewed once it is depleted.
  • the purpose of the invention is to mitigate these drawbacks by supplying a contactless peripheral display for contactless portable objects, such as a smart card, having the capacity to display the information sent by the portable object reader or by the portable object itself, for a period of time long enough so that the user can consult it at all times, even when the portable object is not in the proximity of the reader, this display requiring only a small amount of energy to operate, or even no energy whatsoever.
  • a contactless peripheral display for contactless portable objects such as a smart card
  • the present invention concerns a peripheral display device for a contactless portable object such as a smart card enabling information associated with the use of this portable object to be displayed.
  • This peripheral device includes at least one chip, a display means and a means for receiving energy and information, not connected by an ohmic contact to the portable object.
  • This receiving means is a flat coil which plays the role of the secondary of a transformer, the primary of which is formed by the antenna of the portable object, when the latter receives energy and information from a portable object reader via electromagnetic coupling.
  • this peripheral display device can be separated from the contactless object and features a bistable liquid crystal display screen.
  • FIG. 1 represents an ISO format contactless smart card featuring a built-in peripheral display device.
  • FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of the peripheral display device and its various components.
  • FIG. 3 represents the electrical schematic diagram of a contactless smart card.
  • FIG. 4 represents the circuit diagram of a peripheral display device.
  • FIG. 1 represents an ISO format contactless smart card featuring a built-in peripheral display device.
  • This card 10 consists of a chip 12 .
  • This chip enters into communication with the reader by means of the card's antenna 14 .
  • This antenna consists of turns of increasing circumference.
  • Each of the ends of this antenna is connected to the chip 12 .
  • the peripheral display device 20 consists of a chip (not visible in the figure), a screen 16 and a flat coil 18 connected to the chip of the peripheral display device and formed by turns of increasing circumference. The size of this flat coil varies depending on the special characteristics of the card with which the peripheral display device operates.
  • the peripheral display device operates only when magnetically coupled to the card, at the working frequency of the card's chip.
  • the peripheral display device preferably consists of a chip 22 , connected to the coil 18 and to the screen 16 .
  • the chip 22 is made up of 3 blocks: the analog block 24 , the message decoding block 26 and the display block 28 .
  • the role of the analog block 24 is to rectify and regulate the alternating signal, available on the terminals of the coil 18 .
  • This signal is created by a carrier signal of 13.56 megahertz (MHz), which is the coupling frequency between the contactless smart card and the reader, to generate the continuous supply voltage required to operate the peripheral display device. It shapes the main clock signals issued from this carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, which enables the sequential operation of the peripheral display device. It extracts and transforms the superimposed data according to the amplitude modulation at the carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, transmitted by the reader to the contactless smart card and the peripheral display device.
  • MHz 13.56 megahertz
  • the value of the retromodulation subcarrier frequency is equal to 847 kilohertz (kHz) (standard currently used). It can also be configured to receive the data which will be transmitted on the retromodulation subcarrier frequency by the card's chip.
  • the peripheral device is also equipped with a message decoding block 26 .
  • This block is more or less complex. It may be a microcontroller, a simple decoder or even a hardwired logic circuit. This block is designed to separate and process the messages that are sent to it among those which transit via the carrier and subcarrier frequencies during communication between the coupler and the contactless card.
  • the display control block 28 is an interface circuit allowing the data received by the peripheral display device to be converted into signals which are compatible with the display technology used, consisting of the screen 16 , in order to drive the corresponding pixels or segments.
  • the coil 18 of the peripheral device As far as the coil 18 of the peripheral device is concerned, its dimensions are very variable and depend on the consumption and the voltage required to supply the peripheral device.
  • the coil 18 of the peripheral display device will be much smaller in size than the antenna of the contactless card (see FIG. 1)
  • the coil may possibly be interlaced or superimposed on the antenna of the contactless card in order to benefit from better coupling.
  • the screen 16 is preferably a liquid crystal display screen.
  • FIG. 3 represents the electrical circuit diagram of the contactless smart card 30 . It is characterized by its coupling antenna 32 , at least one capacitor 33 enabling the card to have a tuning capacitor intervening in the coupling with the reader at the frequency of 13.56 MHz. It also includes several resistors, including at least one resistor 34 which can be switched with a switch 35 in order to generate a retromodulation frequency between the smart card and the reader.
  • FIG. 4 represents the electrical circuit diagram of the peripheral display device 36 .
  • the latter is characterized by its flat coil 37 .
  • the principle is to use the main resonant circuit of the card 30 as the primary of a transformer.
  • the flat coil 37 of the peripheral display device thus forms the secondary of this transformer and receives the energy and the information via electromagnetic coupling.
  • the peripheral display device 36 also includes a resistor 38 which is switched by means of a switch 40 and thus modifies the impedance in order to generate a retromodulation subcarrier frequency.
  • the impedance of the peripheral display device can be varied in order to transmit a response to the reader by means of retromodulation. This response is made by means of the contactless smart card's main resonant circuit.
  • the peripheral display device may also communicate directly with the chip of the contactless smart card, depending on the retromodulation format and the type of retromodulator incorporated in it.
  • the circuit of the peripheral display device 36 does not present a tuning capacitor. Thus, it cannot function as a standalone device. It must thus benefit from the overvoltage associated with the tuning of the contactless smart card with the reader, via coupling with the main antenna circuit.
  • the impedance presented by the electronics of the peripheral display device can be compared to the impedance presented from the chip on the main antenna of the contactless card, on the basis of a coupling mutual surge impedance m between the main antenna and the flat coil and the ratio n1/n2, n1 being the number of turns of the contactless card's antenna and n2 being the number of turns of the antenna of the peripheral display device.
  • the peripheral display device may be supplied when the contactless card is within the reader's magnetic field, and without significantly downgrading the latter's operation.
  • the latter exploits the data generated by the contactless card's chip in the form of a specific instruction and emitted by the latter's main antenna. This instruction is generated once the transaction between the contactless card and the reader is accomplished.
  • the latter can exploit data which are dedicated to it and that it receives from the reader at the time of energy transmission, this data being transmitted in amplitude modulation to the contactless card, and then emitted by the card's main antenna.
  • the screen of the peripheral display device maintains an after-image.
  • the information remains displayed on the screen after the transaction so that the user can see the information, up until the next transaction.
  • This long-persistence screen may consist of a bistable liquid crystal screen.
  • This recently developed technology consists in using liquid crystals which have the ability to remain in a certain state without consuming energy. These liquid crystals only use energy to change their state.
  • An alternative to using a bistable liquid crystal screen consists in using a peripheral display device which has at least one storage capacitor.
  • a sufficient voltage must be applied to the screen's terminals in order to maintain the liquid crystals in their state.
  • One of the possibilities is to insert a capacitance into the peripheral display device which charges when the card is in the reader's magnetic field. The energy is transmitted to the capacitor after rectification by the flat coil of the peripheral display device which receives the information and the energy. The electric charge stored in the capacitor(s) is used to supply the screen and to thus maintain the liquid crystals in their state for an above average period of time between two passages of the contactless card in the reader's magnetic field.
  • a battery Another alternative to obtain a persistent display is to use a battery. It is indeed possible to provide the peripheral device with a battery which is used to maintain the display. Preferably, a very thin “paper battery” is used.
  • the refreshing of the display is obtained exclusively when the contactless card is placed in the magnetic field of the reader when the information passes between the reader and the contactless card.
  • the contactless peripheral display device can be integrated into the contactless card during its fabrication; in this case it cannot be separated from the card. It can also be affixed to a pre-existing contactless card, especially by using adhesive, and thus can be, in this case, separated from the contactless card.
  • the contactless peripheral display device can be separated from the contactless card, display refreshing is only possible if it is near the contactless card when it is placed in the magnetic field of the reader.
  • the device according to the invention must be placed directly on the card or very near it.
  • the peripheral display device thus consists of a contactless display device which is independent and not electrically connected to the chip of the contactless card.
  • the interest in the independence of the peripheral display device is that it has no impact on the functionality of the contactless card nor on the transactions that are carried out between the card and the reader. In this manner, in the case where the peripheral display device is physically separated from the contactless card, a malfunction of either of the two devices has not impact on the other. One simply has to change the faulty device.
  • Such a device may be applied to telephone cards which will eventually become contactless. It could also be adapted to toll road payment cards in the future if they would be able to store money-credit or a number of toll booth passages in their memory.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

A peripheral display device for a portable contactless object such as a smart card (10) enabling information associated with the use of this portable object to be displayed. This peripheral device includes at least one chip, a display (16) and a receiver for receiving energy and information (18), not connected by an ohmic contact to the portable object. This receiver is a flat coil which plays the role of the secondary of a transformer, the primary of which is formed by the antenna (14) of the portable object, when the latter receives energy and information from a portable object reader via electromagnetic coupling.

Description

This application is a U.S. National Stage of International Application PCT/FR01/02010, filed Jun. 26, 2001 and published on Jan. 3, 2002 in the French Language.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention concerns peripheral objects for portable contactless objects such as smart cards, and particularly a contactless peripheral display device.
BACKGROUND ART
Portable objects, such as smart cards, contact or contactless type, are currently widely used in numerous applications. It generally entails ISO format cards which are coupled to readers, by which they are remotely supplied, that is, by which they receive energy in the form of a magnetic field and with which they communicate. In the transport sector, such systems, called remote toll cards, have been developed by all of motorway operators in order to provide users with subscription possibilities and to simplify toll booth payment operations. Users of such systems present the cards in front of readers which are installed in the toll booths. Communication thus occurs between the card and the reader. This communication enables user recognition and the corresponding sum to be deducted from the customer's account at the toll booth.
In public transport sectors, equivalent means have also be implemented in the form of ISO cards or in a smaller format such as tickets. Users present the subscription cards in front of readers in order to gain access to public transport. The communication which is established between the card and the reader enables user recognition and the cost of the trip to be deducted from the user's account.
These means have also been developed as a means of payment. This is the case, for example, of the electronic wallet. The latter can be used to pay for small purchases in shops. It consists of a smart card. This card is credited with money in a special distributor. The user may thus use the card to pay for purchases by presenting it in front of a reader. The communication established between the card and the reader debits the sum corresponding to the purchase from the card.
Many companies has also developed identification means for their personnel using contactless smart cards. Passing the card in front of a reader allows the cardholder to be identified, who is then granted or refused access to a controlled zone. The same card can also be used by employees to “punch in”.
These various applications have given rise to the need of a peripheral display device on the card, enabling the user to retrieve the information contained in the chip, such as the available balance remaining after a transaction in the case of an electronic wallet or the number of trips still available on a transport card or even the number of hours worked, or the authorization or refusal to access areas reserved for the employees of a company. Such a peripheral device may also be used to supply the user with more technical information about the card's operation.
The solution commonly used is the integration of a liquid crystal display in the reader which informs the user that communication has been properly established and displays the information related to the communication. However, the drawback of having a display unit built into the reader is that the user can gain access to the information by passing the card in front of the reader. While this is not a problem in the case of an identification card, it becomes much more problematic in the case of an electric wallet or transport card. The user would like to be able to regularly consult his/her balance without having to find a payment terminal just to read the card.
A solution currently exists which entails the use of an additional badge which plays the role of both a card reader and display unit. It is in fact a sort of case in which the card is inserted. The reader provides power to the card by direct contact, which enables communication to take place between the card and the case. The information is then displayed on the screen of the case. The latter is used particularly for electronic wallet cards and allows the balance remaining on the card to be consulted at all times. The major drawback of these badges is their size. The cases are dimensioned to receive an ISO smart card. As such, contrary to a smart card, they cannot be carried in a wallet and must be carried in a pocket or purse.
Another drawback is that they require an internal power source. This power source is typically a battery which enables the case to read and display the information stored in the card. The power source must thus be renewed once it is depleted.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the invention is to mitigate these drawbacks by supplying a contactless peripheral display for contactless portable objects, such as a smart card, having the capacity to display the information sent by the portable object reader or by the portable object itself, for a period of time long enough so that the user can consult it at all times, even when the portable object is not in the proximity of the reader, this display requiring only a small amount of energy to operate, or even no energy whatsoever.
The present invention concerns a peripheral display device for a contactless portable object such as a smart card enabling information associated with the use of this portable object to be displayed. This peripheral device includes at least one chip, a display means and a means for receiving energy and information, not connected by an ohmic contact to the portable object. This receiving means is a flat coil which plays the role of the secondary of a transformer, the primary of which is formed by the antenna of the portable object, when the latter receives energy and information from a portable object reader via electromagnetic coupling.
According to a special embodiment of the invention, this peripheral display device can be separated from the contactless object and features a bistable liquid crystal display screen.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The purposes, objects and characteristics of the invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 represents an ISO format contactless smart card featuring a built-in peripheral display device.
FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of the peripheral display device and its various components.
FIG. 3 represents the electrical schematic diagram of a contactless smart card.
FIG. 4 represents the circuit diagram of a peripheral display device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The peripheral display device according to the invention may thus be installed on a contactless portable object such as a smart card. FIG. 1 represents an ISO format contactless smart card featuring a built-in peripheral display device. This card 10 consists of a chip 12. When the card is placed in the field of the reader, this chip enters into communication with the reader by means of the card's antenna 14. This antenna consists of turns of increasing circumference. Each of the ends of this antenna is connected to the chip 12. The peripheral display device 20 consists of a chip (not visible in the figure), a screen 16 and a flat coil 18 connected to the chip of the peripheral display device and formed by turns of increasing circumference. The size of this flat coil varies depending on the special characteristics of the card with which the peripheral display device operates. The peripheral display device operates only when magnetically coupled to the card, at the working frequency of the card's chip.
According to FIG. 2, the peripheral display device preferably consists of a chip 22, connected to the coil 18 and to the screen 16. The chip 22 is made up of 3 blocks: the analog block 24, the message decoding block 26 and the display block 28.
The role of the analog block 24 is to rectify and regulate the alternating signal, available on the terminals of the coil 18. This signal is created by a carrier signal of 13.56 megahertz (MHz), which is the coupling frequency between the contactless smart card and the reader, to generate the continuous supply voltage required to operate the peripheral display device. It shapes the main clock signals issued from this carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, which enables the sequential operation of the peripheral display device. It extracts and transforms the superimposed data according to the amplitude modulation at the carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, transmitted by the reader to the contactless smart card and the peripheral display device. It can modify the impedance which it presents to the coil 18, by switching a resistance, at a retromodulation subcarrier frequency issued from the main clock, in order to enable the transmission of data from the peripheral display device to the reader, by means of data modulating this subcarrier frequency (modulation of the coupling with the antennas directly opposite). According to a specific example, the value of the retromodulation subcarrier frequency is equal to 847 kilohertz (kHz) (standard currently used). It can also be configured to receive the data which will be transmitted on the retromodulation subcarrier frequency by the card's chip.
The peripheral device is also equipped with a message decoding block 26. This block is more or less complex. It may be a microcontroller, a simple decoder or even a hardwired logic circuit. This block is designed to separate and process the messages that are sent to it among those which transit via the carrier and subcarrier frequencies during communication between the coupler and the contactless card.
The display control block 28 is an interface circuit allowing the data received by the peripheral display device to be converted into signals which are compatible with the display technology used, consisting of the screen 16, in order to drive the corresponding pixels or segments.
As far as the coil 18 of the peripheral device is concerned, its dimensions are very variable and depend on the consumption and the voltage required to supply the peripheral device.
Thus, in the case of a peripheral display device having energy consumption much lower than that of the card's chip, the coil 18 of the peripheral display device will be much smaller in size than the antenna of the contactless card (see FIG. 1) In the case of a peripheral display device having energy consumption only slightly less than the chip of the contactless card, the coil may possibly be interlaced or superimposed on the antenna of the contactless card in order to benefit from better coupling.
The screen 16 is preferably a liquid crystal display screen.
FIG. 3 represents the electrical circuit diagram of the contactless smart card 30. It is characterized by its coupling antenna 32, at least one capacitor 33 enabling the card to have a tuning capacitor intervening in the coupling with the reader at the frequency of 13.56 MHz. It also includes several resistors, including at least one resistor 34 which can be switched with a switch 35 in order to generate a retromodulation frequency between the smart card and the reader.
FIG. 4 represents the electrical circuit diagram of the peripheral display device 36. The latter is characterized by its flat coil 37. In order to be able to draw energy from the reader in order to operate the peripheral device, the principle is to use the main resonant circuit of the card 30 as the primary of a transformer. The flat coil 37 of the peripheral display device thus forms the secondary of this transformer and receives the energy and the information via electromagnetic coupling. The peripheral display device 36 also includes a resistor 38 which is switched by means of a switch 40 and thus modifies the impedance in order to generate a retromodulation subcarrier frequency. Actually, according to a specific operating mode, the impedance of the peripheral display device can be varied in order to transmit a response to the reader by means of retromodulation. This response is made by means of the contactless smart card's main resonant circuit. The peripheral display device may also communicate directly with the chip of the contactless smart card, depending on the retromodulation format and the type of retromodulator incorporated in it.
As shown in FIG. 4, the circuit of the peripheral display device 36 does not present a tuning capacitor. Thus, it cannot function as a standalone device. It must thus benefit from the overvoltage associated with the tuning of the contactless smart card with the reader, via coupling with the main antenna circuit.
As with all transformers, the impedance presented by the electronics of the peripheral display device can be compared to the impedance presented from the chip on the main antenna of the contactless card, on the basis of a coupling mutual surge impedance m between the main antenna and the flat coil and the ratio n1/n2, n1 being the number of turns of the contactless card's antenna and n2 being the number of turns of the antenna of the peripheral display device.
If the peripheral display device has a strong impedance and a very weak parasite capacitance in front of the rectifier, it may be supplied when the contactless card is within the reader's magnetic field, and without significantly downgrading the latter's operation.
According to an operating mode of the peripheral display device, the latter exploits the data generated by the contactless card's chip in the form of a specific instruction and emitted by the latter's main antenna. This instruction is generated once the transaction between the contactless card and the reader is accomplished.
According to another operating mode of said peripheral display device, the latter can exploit data which are dedicated to it and that it receives from the reader at the time of energy transmission, this data being transmitted in amplitude modulation to the contactless card, and then emitted by the card's main antenna.
According to another specific mode, the screen of the peripheral display device maintains an after-image. The information remains displayed on the screen after the transaction so that the user can see the information, up until the next transaction. This long-persistence screen may consist of a bistable liquid crystal screen. This recently developed technology consists in using liquid crystals which have the ability to remain in a certain state without consuming energy. These liquid crystals only use energy to change their state.
An alternative to using a bistable liquid crystal screen consists in using a peripheral display device which has at least one storage capacitor. In order to obtain a persistent image on the liquid crystal display, a sufficient voltage must be applied to the screen's terminals in order to maintain the liquid crystals in their state. One of the possibilities is to insert a capacitance into the peripheral display device which charges when the card is in the reader's magnetic field. The energy is transmitted to the capacitor after rectification by the flat coil of the peripheral display device which receives the information and the energy. The electric charge stored in the capacitor(s) is used to supply the screen and to thus maintain the liquid crystals in their state for an above average period of time between two passages of the contactless card in the reader's magnetic field.
Another alternative to obtain a persistent display is to use a battery. It is indeed possible to provide the peripheral device with a battery which is used to maintain the display. Preferably, a very thin “paper battery” is used.
Regardless of the means used to obtain a persistent display, the refreshing of the display is obtained exclusively when the contactless card is placed in the magnetic field of the reader when the information passes between the reader and the contactless card.
The contactless peripheral display device according to the invention can be integrated into the contactless card during its fabrication; in this case it cannot be separated from the card. It can also be affixed to a pre-existing contactless card, especially by using adhesive, and thus can be, in this case, separated from the contactless card.
In the case where the contactless peripheral display device can be separated from the contactless card, display refreshing is only possible if it is near the contactless card when it is placed in the magnetic field of the reader. The device according to the invention must be placed directly on the card or very near it.
The peripheral display device according to the invention thus consists of a contactless display device which is independent and not electrically connected to the chip of the contactless card. The interest in the independence of the peripheral display device is that it has no impact on the functionality of the contactless card nor on the transactions that are carried out between the card and the reader. In this manner, in the case where the peripheral display device is physically separated from the contactless card, a malfunction of either of the two devices has not impact on the other. One simply has to change the faulty device.
Such a device may be applied to telephone cards which will eventually become contactless. It could also be adapted to toll road payment cards in the future if they would be able to store money-credit or a number of toll booth passages in their memory.

Claims (11)

What is claimed is:
1. A peripheral display device for display of information associated with the use of a contactless portable object, comprising
at least one chip,
a means for receiving energy and said information, said receiving means comprising a flat coil which is not connected by ohmic contact to said portable object,
at least one energy storage means, and
a display means,
wherein an antenna of said portable object and the receiving means are capable of acting as the primary and secondary, respectively, of a transformer when said portable object receives energy and information from a reader of said portable object through electromagnetic coupling.
2. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said energy and information transmitted by the antenna of said portable object are generated by said portable object reader.
3. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said information transmitted by the antenna of said portable object is generated by the chip of said portable object.
4. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said information transmitted by the antenna of said portable object are generated by the chip of said portable object.
5. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said energy storage means is a capacitor.
6. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said display means is capable of generating a persistent display, such that information remains displayed on said display means for a predetermined period of time.
7. The peripheral display device of claim 6, wherein the long-persistence display means is a bistable liquid crystal screen.
8. The peripheral display device of claim 6, wherein the display means is provided with a long-persistence screen feature due to energy stored in said energy storage means.
9. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said device is integrated into said portable object, said flat coil being in the same plane as said antenna of said portable object.
10. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said device can be separated from said portable object.
11. The peripheral display device of claim 1, wherein said device is capable of sending a response to said portable object reader by retromodulation, via said flat coil, coupled to the antenna of said portable object.
US10/069,377 2000-06-29 2001-06-26 Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object Expired - Lifetime US6799721B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR00/08438 2000-06-29
FR0008438A FR2811108B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2000-06-29 NON-CONTACT PERIPHERAL DISPLAY DEVICE FOR NON-CONTACT PORTABLE OBJECT
FR0008438 2000-06-29
PCT/FR2001/002010 WO2002001496A1 (en) 2000-06-29 2001-06-26 Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020105065A1 US20020105065A1 (en) 2002-08-08
US6799721B2 true US6799721B2 (en) 2004-10-05

Family

ID=8851900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/069,377 Expired - Lifetime US6799721B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2001-06-26 Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6799721B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1295248A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4861595B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100833331B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1175376C (en)
AU (1) AU2001270659A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2382083C (en)
FR (1) FR2811108B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1051590A1 (en)
IL (2) IL147979A0 (en)
TW (1) TW550516B (en)
WO (1) WO2002001496A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040171406A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-02 Gary Purk Transaction card providing displayed information
US20050263596A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-12-01 Solicore, Inc. Portable charger, including portable sleeve, for an electronically readable card
KR100798858B1 (en) 2007-08-02 2008-01-29 패스테크 주식회사 A traffic card that combines a portable traffic card balance checker and its balance checker
WO2008091065A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Lg Electronics Inc. Contactless interface within a terminal to support a contactless service
US20100127820A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2010-05-27 Herbert Froitzheim Quality adjustment of a receiving circuit
US20100141465A1 (en) * 2008-11-03 2010-06-10 Oberthur Technologies Electronic Device Enabling Near-Field Contactless Communications
US20140028444A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2014-01-30 Medical IP Holdings LP Interrogator and interrogation system employing the same
US9027242B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-05-12 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Cell attachment method
US9887450B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2018-02-06 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device and electronic device including the same

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100437286B1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2004-06-25 주식회사 아이엔에이 A discern device of data processing status for ic card terminal from outside
FR2829853B1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2004-01-02 A S K MODULATOR FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS TRANSMITTED BY A CONTACTLESS TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION SYSTEM
FR2834857B1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2004-06-25 Gemplus Card Int TRANSPONDER EQUIPPED WITH A CENTRAL CIRCUIT AND AT LEAST ONE PERIPHERAL CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR EXCHANGING DATA BETWEEN SAID CIRCUITS VIA A STATION IN INDUCTIVE COUPLING WITH THE TRANSPONDER
KR20030090965A (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-01 주식회사 케이디엔스마텍 Integrated circuit card having lighting element
JP4373396B2 (en) * 2003-09-04 2009-11-25 富士通株式会社 Display element, display element driving method, and portable display device
US7233250B2 (en) * 2004-12-29 2007-06-19 Avery Dennison Corporation Radio frequency identification device with visual indicator
CN101142587A (en) * 2005-03-18 2008-03-12 富士通株式会社 Information medium with display function
WO2008103870A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Newpage Wisconsin System Inc. Multifunctional paper identification label
JP4673331B2 (en) * 2007-03-19 2011-04-20 日本電信電話株式会社 IC card service information display system
WO2009022387A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-19 Panasonic Corporation Portable wireless device
EP2051189A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for electronic identification of items
JP4806387B2 (en) * 2007-11-12 2011-11-02 富士通株式会社 Portable display device
CN104022580A (en) * 2008-07-07 2014-09-03 鲍尔拜普罗克西有限公司 Contactless power receiver and system
JP2010257159A (en) * 2009-04-23 2010-11-11 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Non-contact ic card with display
JP2011060121A (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-24 Jr East Mechatronics Co Ltd Non-contact ic card and non-contact communication device
CN103004101B (en) * 2010-02-02 2015-08-26 诺基亚公司 A kind of device and method for magnetic field induction
KR101070453B1 (en) 2010-04-01 2011-10-05 주식회사 웨이온 Display protection film with wireless communication function
EP2390823A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 Gemalto SA Bank card with display screen
EP2393045A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 Gemalto SA Bank card with display screen
NZ586175A (en) * 2010-06-15 2013-11-29 Powerbyproxi Ltd An icpt system, components and design method
JPWO2012035816A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2014-02-03 株式会社エクスプロア Non-powered data display device
US9152912B2 (en) * 2011-10-13 2015-10-06 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Smart card capable of independently displaying information
KR20160129336A (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-09 엘지전자 주식회사 Mobile terminal
EP3182338A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-21 Gemalto Sa Method for manufacturing a device including a radiofrequency electronic module and an indicator
FR3053504B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-08-17 Idemia France COMPONENT ELECTRONIC ENTITY SUPPLIED BY INTERNAL ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING
FR3142579A1 (en) * 2022-11-30 2024-05-31 Smart Packaging Solutions Multiple chip electronic module for contactless smart card

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2615984A1 (en) 1987-05-30 1988-12-02 Toshiba Kk SMARTCARD
US4818853A (en) * 1986-05-26 1989-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Data card with inductive signal transfer device
US5198647A (en) 1989-11-28 1993-03-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Plural-coil non-contact ic card having pot cores and shielding walls
WO1996003713A1 (en) 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Security access circuit using embedded antennas
US5699074A (en) 1995-03-24 1997-12-16 Teletransaction, Inc. Addressing device and method for rapid video response in a bistable liquid crystal display
US5751257A (en) 1995-04-28 1998-05-12 Teletransactions, Inc. Programmable shelf tag and method for changing and updating shelf tag information
WO1999038117A1 (en) 1998-01-27 1999-07-29 Viztec Inc. Transmitting advertisements to smart cards
US5971587A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-10-26 Kato; Kiroku Package and mail delivery system
EP0977145A2 (en) 1998-07-28 2000-02-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Radio IC card
US6107920A (en) * 1998-06-09 2000-08-22 Motorola, Inc. Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna
US6223990B1 (en) * 1995-06-16 2001-05-01 Rohm Co., Ltd. Communication system including a dual passive antenna configuration
US6249263B1 (en) * 1993-09-03 2001-06-19 Display Edge Technology, Ltd. Article-information display system using electronically controlled tags
US6269342B1 (en) 1995-04-28 2001-07-31 Telxon Corporation Programmable shelf tag system
US20010054005A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 2001-12-20 Hook Christopher D. Programmable shelf tag and method for changing and updating shelf tag information
US20020047781A1 (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-04-25 Michel Fallah Electronic label
US6378774B1 (en) * 1997-11-14 2002-04-30 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. IC module and smart card
US20030109303A1 (en) * 1993-02-17 2003-06-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Ace Denken Game hall system utilizing storage media

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1111567A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-10-27 Paul E. Stuckert Personal portable terminal for financial transactions
JP3122535B2 (en) * 1992-08-03 2001-01-09 三菱電機株式会社 IC card
JP2845095B2 (en) * 1993-06-29 1999-01-13 凸版印刷株式会社 IC card system
JP3427663B2 (en) * 1996-06-18 2003-07-22 凸版印刷株式会社 Non-contact IC card
JPH11129659A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-18 Konica Corp Id card, and id booklet
JPH11353438A (en) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-24 Canon Inc Card device
JP2000010109A (en) * 1998-06-25 2000-01-14 Seiko Epson Corp Color liquid crystal device and electronic equipment using the same
JP2000172812A (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-23 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Noncontact information medium
JP4223114B2 (en) * 1998-12-24 2009-02-12 大日本印刷株式会社 IC card
JP2000339423A (en) * 1999-05-26 2000-12-08 Toshiba Corp Radio recording medium, radio recording medium system, automatic ticket examination system and fare collecting system

Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4818853A (en) * 1986-05-26 1989-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Data card with inductive signal transfer device
US4851654A (en) * 1987-05-30 1989-07-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba IC card
FR2615984A1 (en) 1987-05-30 1988-12-02 Toshiba Kk SMARTCARD
US5198647A (en) 1989-11-28 1993-03-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Plural-coil non-contact ic card having pot cores and shielding walls
US20030109303A1 (en) * 1993-02-17 2003-06-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Ace Denken Game hall system utilizing storage media
US6249263B1 (en) * 1993-09-03 2001-06-19 Display Edge Technology, Ltd. Article-information display system using electronically controlled tags
WO1996003713A1 (en) 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Security access circuit using embedded antennas
US20010054005A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 2001-12-20 Hook Christopher D. Programmable shelf tag and method for changing and updating shelf tag information
US5699074A (en) 1995-03-24 1997-12-16 Teletransaction, Inc. Addressing device and method for rapid video response in a bistable liquid crystal display
US5751257A (en) 1995-04-28 1998-05-12 Teletransactions, Inc. Programmable shelf tag and method for changing and updating shelf tag information
US6253190B1 (en) 1995-04-28 2001-06-26 Telxon Corporation Programmable shelf tag and method for changing and updating shelf tag information
US6269342B1 (en) 1995-04-28 2001-07-31 Telxon Corporation Programmable shelf tag system
US6223990B1 (en) * 1995-06-16 2001-05-01 Rohm Co., Ltd. Communication system including a dual passive antenna configuration
US20020047781A1 (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-04-25 Michel Fallah Electronic label
US5971587A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-10-26 Kato; Kiroku Package and mail delivery system
US6378774B1 (en) * 1997-11-14 2002-04-30 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. IC module and smart card
WO1999038117A1 (en) 1998-01-27 1999-07-29 Viztec Inc. Transmitting advertisements to smart cards
US6107920A (en) * 1998-06-09 2000-08-22 Motorola, Inc. Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna
EP0977145A2 (en) 1998-07-28 2000-02-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Radio IC card

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7440771B2 (en) * 2003-02-28 2008-10-21 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Transaction card providing displayed information
US20040171406A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-02 Gary Purk Transaction card providing displayed information
US20140028444A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2014-01-30 Medical IP Holdings LP Interrogator and interrogation system employing the same
US9646182B2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2017-05-09 Medical I.P. Holdings Lp Interrogator and interrogation system employing the same
US20050263596A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-12-01 Solicore, Inc. Portable charger, including portable sleeve, for an electronically readable card
WO2008091065A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Lg Electronics Inc. Contactless interface within a terminal to support a contactless service
US20100019033A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2010-01-28 Paul Jolivet Contactless interface within a terminal to support a contactless service
US8827164B2 (en) 2007-01-26 2014-09-09 Lg Electronics Inc. Contactless interface within a terminal to support a contactless service
US9148189B2 (en) * 2007-01-31 2015-09-29 Continental Automotive Gmbh Quality adjustment of a receiving circuit
US20100127820A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2010-05-27 Herbert Froitzheim Quality adjustment of a receiving circuit
KR100798858B1 (en) 2007-08-02 2008-01-29 패스테크 주식회사 A traffic card that combines a portable traffic card balance checker and its balance checker
US8537025B2 (en) * 2008-11-03 2013-09-17 Oberthur Technologies Electronic device enabling near-field contactless communications
US20100141465A1 (en) * 2008-11-03 2010-06-10 Oberthur Technologies Electronic Device Enabling Near-Field Contactless Communications
US9887450B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2018-02-06 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device and electronic device including the same
US10468748B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2019-11-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device and electronic device including the same
US10862193B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2020-12-08 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device and electronic device including the same
US9027242B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-05-12 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Cell attachment method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020105065A1 (en) 2002-08-08
HK1051590A1 (en) 2003-08-08
CA2382083C (en) 2010-03-16
CN1175376C (en) 2004-11-10
EP1295248A1 (en) 2003-03-26
IL147979A (en) 2011-08-31
JP2004502246A (en) 2004-01-22
WO2002001496A1 (en) 2002-01-03
JP4861595B2 (en) 2012-01-25
CA2382083A1 (en) 2002-01-03
CN1383526A (en) 2002-12-04
KR100833331B1 (en) 2008-05-29
KR20020042656A (en) 2002-06-05
FR2811108B1 (en) 2002-09-27
TW550516B (en) 2003-09-01
FR2811108A1 (en) 2002-01-04
AU2001270659A1 (en) 2002-01-08
IL147979A0 (en) 2002-09-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6799721B2 (en) Contact-free display peripheral device for contact-free portable object
US6724103B2 (en) Contact-free portable object comprising one or several contact-free peripheral device
JP3293610B2 (en) Detection of distance between electromagnetic transponder and terminal
US6910634B1 (en) Information input/ output unit
US5412192A (en) Radio frequency activated charge card
US20040112966A1 (en) Non-contact portable object comprising at least a peripheral device connected to the same atenna as the chip
US20090159678A1 (en) Token and reader
US20060172702A1 (en) Sizing of an electromagnetic transponder system for an operation in extreme proximity
US8485436B2 (en) Simulated contactless identification card reader
CN101324932A (en) Contactless Individual Components
US20090206994A1 (en) Card having rfid tag
US8899490B1 (en) Smart card
CN101430773B (en) Cards with RFID tags
CN201364474Y (en) Watch with IC card function
KR20060083443A (en) RFID card showing remaining amount
JP2003067684A (en) Ic card, and communication terminal provided with ic card function
KR200302586Y1 (en) Transponder
US20220122055A1 (en) System and method for generating a bank card distancing warning
KR20130071661A (en) Functionality display type's rfid card
JP2002366908A (en) Reader/writer and communication system using the same
KR20090002715U (en) RFID Card which can check information frequently
KR20040032225A (en) Transponder

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ASK S.A., FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PARRAULT, OLIVIER;REEL/FRAME:012779/0990

Effective date: 20020221

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

SULP Surcharge for late payment

Year of fee payment: 11