US609227A - Heat-generator - Google Patents

Description

l ","I' 1 u -fV il 24 No. 609,227. Pannte Aug. I6, |896.

N. J. CAREY.-

. HEAT GENERATOR.

(Application led May 2, 1892.) (N o M od a l.)

HEAT GENERATOR. (Application med May 2, 1892.)

(No Model.)

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one. ...OAOOOO 'No. 609,227. Patented Aug. IB, |898.- N. J. CAREY.

:HEAT GENERATOR.

(Application filed May 2, 1892.)

3 sheets-sheet 3.V

NO Model.)

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V NEVTON J. CAREY, OF OSKALOOSA, IOWA.

HEAT-G EN ERAToR.

SPECIFICATIONVforming part of Letters Patent No. 609,227, dated August 16, 1898. Appleman ind May 2,1892. serai No. 431,505. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, NEWTON J. CAREY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Oskaloosa, in the county of Mahaska and State of Iowa, have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Heat-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a magazine Yheat-generator adapted to the consumption of coal-slack, bituminous, and other cheap and low grades of fuel with little or no smoke and to avoid, in a large degree, soot, dirt, and other disagreeable or objectionable conditions resulting from the use of such coal as fuel and which maybe adapted to be used 4 alone or attached or connected with heating or cooking stoves, heating-furnaces, boilers, or any other apparatus where heat is desired.

My invention consists in novel features of construction, as hereinafter described and claimed.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure I is a vertical section of my improved heat-generator on the line I I, Figs. II and III. Fig. II is a vertical section on the line II II, Figs. I and III. tion on the line III III, Figs. I and'II. Fig. IV is a side elevation showing the application of my invention to the end of a cooking-stove. Fig. V is a side elevation showing it applied to the top of a cooking-stove. Fig. VI is a side elevation showing it applied to a heating-stove.

My heat-generator is preferably constructed of fire-brick or iron walls 2,formin g a chamber, and with suitable grates 3. This fuel-chamber in its action is substantially divided into what might be termed a fire-chamber 4, a coking-chamber 5 above the fire-chamber, and a magazine 6 above the coking-chamber, the division between the fire-chamber and the coking-chamber being preferably marked by a draft or smoke iiue for the egressof the products of combustion. Outside of the walls forming the fuel-chamber is preferably located a casing l, leaving `a'space between it and the fuel-chamber to provide a vertical air-chamber 7, which may be entirely circumferential or may be dividedinto air-ducts by Fig. III is a horizontal secoutside sustaining-ribs. The coking-chamber is perforated with a large number of inwardly andpreferably downwardly inclined air holes or passages 8 and IO extending therethrough to form connection between the ducts or chambers 7- and the fuel-chamber.

In Figs. II and III the vertical passages are shown and constructed in the body of the wall of the fuel-chamber. In Fig. I they are shown as communicating with a circumferential air-space between the wall of the casing and the fuel-chamber.

Short air holes or passages IO are shown in` Figs. II and III as intermediate between the other inclined air-holes 8, the short air-holes forming a connection between the vertical air-ducts 9 and the fuel-chamber. The airchamber 7 and air-ducts 9 connect at their upper ends and with, if desired, drop airflues 24 within the coking-chamber.

11 indicates circumferential air-fines which may be used for the purpose of connecting the vertical air-ducts 9 withinthe lining with the vertical air-ducts 7 between the lining and the shell. The casing is preferably formed with an enlargement 12 around the cokingchamber to form the air-passage for connecting the vertical air-ducts 7.` A circumferential air-supply tlue 15, formedbetween plates 13 and 14:, is constructed at or near the bottom of the lining, which forms a common chamber supplying the vertical air-duets or vertical air-passages 9 through perforations 16. Air is admitted to the circumferential ue through an opening 17 in front of the generator, which is controlled by draft valve or door 18. If desired, for the purpose of admittin g more air than can be obtained through the circumferential walls and the openings 8 and IO an interior draft-flue or set-off draftflues or air-columns 20, made of fire-brick or iron, extend interiorly upwardly through the fire-box'and coking-chamber vand connect at their bottoms with a horizontal ue 19 between or under the grates. In the walls of theaircolumns 2O are also located a large number of small air-passages 2l, which connect the interior of the air-columns withaiireechamber and coking-chamber. At the top of the air-columns there maybe located an air-box 22, through which the heated air isdischarged by means of air-holes 2.4I into the coking- IOO chamber. 25 represents openings extending to the front of the shell and the walls of the fire-chamber, through which the fire may be built, observed, and stirred. They are closed off by doors 26. 27 indicates the ash-pit, having an opening 23, adapted to be closed by a door 29. The fuel-chamber is fed through an opening 30 in the top of the shell. This opening is preferably made air-tight by a vpendent ring 31, with a horizontal iange 32,

and a collar 33 surmounting the flange and forming a trough 34, in which liquid may be placed to provide a water seal and render the openingair-tight when the cover 36-is applied; but any effective means of sealing the opening against the pressure of air or the products of combustion could be utilized. As a receptacle for water to provide vapor for the apartment in which the heat-generator is placed is often desirable, the means specified would accomplish this object and also that of sealing the opening. It will be observed that this construction as a whole provides a fuelchamber with means at one end for receiving acharge of fuel into a magazine and means atthe other end of discharging the unburned residue, together With the various appliances necessary for controlling the draft, observing the fire, and regulating it, and that the draft which furnishes the burning fuel with air is one that is as evenly distributed throughout the-mass of the unburned fuel as is possible to make it, due to the large number of small orifices through which said draft is drawn into the .fuel-chamber. Preferably the arrangement is such that the air furnished through this multiplicity of small orifices to feed the fire is, after the fire is once started, heated. Hence even if the supply of fuel be Wet or contain a large amount of gas, as in the case of soft coal, it is dried and coked and the air intermingled with the gases generated before or as soon as the fuel reaches what might be termed the fire-chamber, thus enabling perfect combustion to be carried on in the dre-chamber. The heating of the inflowing air is an important feature, although it is possible to carry on the combustion and the operation with some fuels without it, as it is well known that an inflowing draft of air into a furnace tends to cool the furnace down, especially if such draft is a1- lowed to inflow from above the grates, and by heating the air in the manner specified I avoid this andat the same time place the heated air in direct contact with the cold fuel above, thereby vaporizing the moisture, raising it to the high degree of, temperature, and gradually, as the fuel descends, coking the contents of the magazine in the coking-chamber. At the same time I supply an abundant supply of oxygen to burn all of the gases, as Well as the coke that is formed.

It is obvious that the form of the heat-generator might be changed very materially without departing from the principles and mode of operation above stated and that it may be supplemented, if desired or found necessary, by other devices or by attachments such as hereinafter described. The generator, however, described might be used, as hereinbe* fore stated, with a cook-stove, as shown in Figs. IV and V, or it may be used alone, the draft-flue to the chimney being attached directly to it through the opening 4l. It is obvious, however, that a downdraft is essential. The draft-flue to carry away the smoke and products of combustion could not be connected with and lead out of the fuel-chamber at any point above the coking-chamber, although it may be placed anywhere between the top of whatis substantially the coking-chamber and the grates.

In order to complete, if found necessary, the colnbustion and completely burn all of the combustible gases generated, an attachment may be added at the lower part and on the rear side of the generator, consisting of a projection or an enlargement having a shell 37 and a lining 38, forming between them an ai r-space 39. The lining provides a combustion-chamber 40, which connects with the interior of the f nel-chamber through the draftiue 4l and also with the ash-pit by the opening 42. These openings may be provided with adjustable dampers 43 and 44.

Located in the combustionchamber 40 is a grate 37 which is adapted to catch and hold until consumed any pieces of coke which may be drawn from the fire-chamber into this combustion-chamber 40.

45 is the draft-fine leading from the cornbustion-chamber 40, through which they products of combustion pass and through which heat may be supplied to a stove or furnace or a boiler.

46 is an adjustable opening in the top of the shell 37, admitting air to the space 3S, surrounding the lining.

46c is an opening through the shell leading into the interior of the combustion-chamber, which is closed by the cover 46h.

The lining 33 is perforated with small holes 47 for the admission of air to the combustion-chamber to aid and complete the coinbustion. As many times a large amount of gas will be developed at and during the replenishing of the fuel, I preferably provide a pipe 48, extending from the magazine to the top of the chamber 40, to carry off this gas and burn it in chamber 40. While all of the air-holes might be horizontal, yet I prefer to have them inclined, yas they are kept clear and not so liable to get choked.

In operating this device kindling is first placed in the fire-box, which may be ignited from either the Iirin g-door or ashpit,the draftdoor connecting with the air-supply flues being closed, as is also the damper in the opening leading from the ash-pit, air being supplied through ash-pit door. On igniting the kindling the generator is fired with charcoal or nut-coal through an opening in the top of the generator until the top of the fire is burning IOC) IIO

above the flue 41. The coking-chaniber, inclu din g the magazine, is then filled to the top with the fuel to be consumed,and the top opening is closed and the air-supply opened. The rate of burning may be regulated as may be desired by means of the various dampers.

In the perforated form the draft-flue 41, through which the products' of combustion pass, is placed between the coking-chamber and the lire-pot, as thus the gases and products of combust-ion during the coking are led oif and do not pass through the burning coke below, whereas the burning coke receives fresh air from the draft-holes below this exit 41or through the grates, as may be desired. In fact, the air- holes 8 and 10 below the exit of the products of combustion might be omitted without particular detriment, as by the time the fuel has reached that point it is expected to be completely coked and the gas products burned off. Hence there is not the same necessity `for furnishing the air in the same way and to the same degree that there is to the unburned fuel above, which is undergoing the process of drying and coking as it descends. from my invention,` however, to have the draft-flue 41 located nearly or quite on a level with the grates.

I-Iaving thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a heat-generator, a fuel-chamber having an opening at or near the upper end for the admission of fuel, an opening at or near the other end for removing the unburned residue, anjintermediate opening to a draft-chimney, a circumferential series of draf t-holes in the upper part of the walls composing the fuel-chamber and above the opening to the draft-chimney, and an adjustable draft in the lower portion of the chamber andupon the opposite end relative to the f ucl-chamber and iiue; substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a heat-generator, the combination of a casing having means for the introduction of fuel at or near one end and means for the withdrawal of unburned residue at or near the opposite end, an intermediate flue leading to the draftchimney, an internal air-Hue extending above said intermediate ue and adapted to be surrounded by fuel, a multiplicity of `draft-holes in said air-Hue, a circumferential series of draft-holes above the intermediate iiue in the walls of the casing, means for regulating the amount of air entering the air-Hue, and means for regulating the amount of air delivered by the holes in the casing; substantially as described.

3. In a heat-generator, the combination of afuel-chamber having an opening at or near itsuupper end for the admission of fuel, an opening at or near the lower end for the discharge of unburned residue, an intermediate draft-flue to discharge the products of combustion, an air-tube adapted to be surround- It would not be a departurev ed by fuel and depending downwardly from the upper end of the generator, and adapted to discharge air into the fuel above the intermediate draftue; substantially as described.

4. A heat-generator, consisting of a fuelchamber, means for the admission of fuel at its upper end, means for the withdrawal of unburned residue at its lower end, a jacket surrounding said fuel-chamber and extending to or near its upper end and uniting thereto and forming an air-chamber, adjustable means for admitting air to the lower end of said air-chamber, a multiplicity of draft-openings through the walls of the fuel-chamber above the smoke-draft therefrom, and adjustable means for permitting air to enter the fuel-chamber below the smoke-draft therefrom, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. A heat-generator, consisting of a fuelchamber adapted to admit fuel at its upper end, and adapted to discharge unburnedresidue `at its lower end, an intermediate smokeiiue leading to a chimney, perpendicular iiues formed in the Walls thereof having adjustable means for admitting air at their lower ends, and closed at their upper ends, a series of perforations or draft-holes from said iues to the interior of the fuel-chamber above the draft-fine, and an adjustable air-draftA leading into the lower portion of the chamber below the draft-flue, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber and forlned with air-holes extending from the outer side to the inner side, with vertical air-ducts within the body extending from the bottom to the top thereof, and with short air-holes extending from the vertical air-ducts to the inner side of the lining; substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the .shell or casing having air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed with vertical airducts within the body extending from the bottom to the top thereof; substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casing, having air-ducts between it and the shell or casing, and formed with'air-holes extending from the outer side to the inner side and with vertical air-ducts within the body extending-from the bottom to the top thereof, substantially as described.

i 9. The combination, with ashell or casing; of a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casing having air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed with air-holes extending from the outer side to the in'ner side, with verticalair-ducts within the bodyex- IOO IIO

tending from the bottom to the top thereof, and with short air-holes extending from the vertical air-ducts to the inner side of the lining; substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a shell or casing; of a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber arranged within the shell or casing having air-ducts between it and the shell or casing and formed with vertical airducts within the body extending from the bottom to the top thereof and recesses by which the air-ducts between the shell or casing and the lining and the vertical air-ducts in the lining are connected; substantially as described.

11. The combination, of alining providing a lire-chamber and a coking-chamber, having air-ducts on the outer side thereof and a shell or casing formed with an enlargement which surrounds the lining and connects the airducts; subst-antially as described.

12. The combination, with a shell or casing, and a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, the horizontal flue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to the airsupply flue, and the vertical air-column extending from the horizontal iiue through the fire-chamber and into the Golfing-chamber and formed with air-holes connecting the interior of the aircolumn with the surrounding fire and coking chambers; substantially as described.

13. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber, of the air-supply iiue, the horizontal 'flue extending beneath the firechamber, and connected to the air-supply flue, and the upwardly-tapering vertical aircolumn extending from the horizontal flue through the fire-chamber and into the cokingchamber and formed with air-holes connecting the interior of the air-column with the surrounding lire and coking chambers; substantially as described.

14. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, the horizontal iiue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to the airsupply flue, and vertical air-columns extending from the horizontal flue through the lire-chamber and into the coking-chamber, having dropburners at their upper ends; substantially as described.

15. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing a {ire-chamber and a coking-chamber; of the air-supply flue, the horizontal flue extending beneath the firechamber and connected to the air-supply flue and the vertical air-columns extending from the horizontal flue through the fire-chamber and into the Golfing-chamber having air-tubes provided with drop-burners which are formed with air-holes; substantially as described.

16. The combination, with the shell or casing and a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber, having a flue extending from the coking-chamber through the lining, and through the shell or casing and an opening from the ash-pit extending through the shell or casing; of the projection or enlargement formed with a lining providing a combustion-chamber, and with a heat-discharge opening; substantially as described.

17. The combination, with the shell or casing and a lining providing a fire-chamber and a coking-chamber having a ilue extending from the coking-chamber through the lining and through the shell or casing and an opening from the ash-pit extending through the shell or casing; of the projection or enlargement consisting of a shell having an air-inlet, and a lining providing a combustion-chamber within an air-space between it and the shell and formed with air-holes for admitting air from the space to the combustion-chamber; the lining and shell being provided with aheatdischarge openin g substantially as described.

18. In aheat-generator, consisting of afuelchamber, means for the admission of fuel at one end, means for the withdrawal of unburned residue at the other end, with intermediate smoke-iiue to discharge the products of combustion, one or more air-tubes adapted to be surrounded by fuel and having openings for the entry of air into the fuel above the smoke-flue, and a multiplicity of airopenings in the walls of the generator; substantially as described.

19. Ina heat-generator consisting of a fuelchamber, means for the admission of fuel at its upper end, means for the withdrawal of unburned residue at the lower end, an intermediatedraft-opening for the discharge of the products of combustion, an air-box extending across the fuel-chamber above said opening to the chimney, and provided with openings to admit air to the fuel above said opening to the chimney, substantially as described.

20. In a heat-generator consisting of a fuelchamber, draft-openings for theadmission of air thereto, a draft for the products of combustion leading therefrom, a subcombustionchamber located in the line of said draft, an air-chamber located above said subcombustion-chamber and having downdraft-openings suitable for delivering air to the top of the flame and gases proceeding from the main combustion-chamber, substantially as described.

21. In a heatgenerator, a fuel-chamber having an opening at or near its upper end for admission of fuel, an opening at or near the other end for withdrawal of unburned residue, an intermediate opening to a draftchimney, a circumferential series of draftopenings between opening for fuel andthe draft-opening to the chimney; substantially as described.

NEWTON J. CAREY. Witnesses:

W. A. GREER, W. W. IIASKELL.

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