US580189A - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

t e e h s e e h s 3. am. Nmv mn V .A WG .u G n d M 0 w No. 580,189. Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

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G. W. KING. BXGAVATOR.

I Patented Apr. 6, 1897.

DIRIS PUE ww mfllwo., WASHINGON, D o,

(No Model.) I a sheets-sheet 3.

Gr. W. KING.

EXGAVATOR.

No. 580,189. PatentedApr.6,1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OYEEICE.

GEORGE IV. KING, OF MARION, OHIO.

EX CAVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 580,189, dated April 6, 1897.

Application filed March Z, 1896. Serial No. 581,424. (No model.)

To all whom t 11mg/ concern;

Be it known that I, GEORGE IV. KING, of Marion, in the county of Marion and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Excavators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in excavators; and it consists, among other things, in an improved construction of the floor or lower portion of the stationary framework or body portion of the machine and trussing said Hoor and iioor-supports without interfering with the strength of the bolsters over the trucks.

My invention consists also in improvements in bracing the machine externally and laterally, and comprising a brace whose framework is composed of two approximately horizontally-arranged rods or bars pivoted vertically or uprightly at their inner ends to the stationary part of the machine and converging toward and detachably secured at their outer ends to the outer and lower end of a diagonally-arranged bar, whose upper or opposite end is connected with the machines body portion in such a manner as to render` it capable of being swung laterally alongside the machines body portion.

My invention consists also in employing a peculiar hinged connection between the upper or diagonal member of the brace and machines body portion that will come apart and release said member from the body portion in case the lower members or supports of the brace break, and thereby avoid other damage to the brace and mutilation of the aforesaid hinge connection.

My invention consists also in improvements in the apparatus employed for feeding the dipper or shovel, and particularly in a novel shovel-feed apparatus capable of slowly and powerfully thrusting or feeding the shovel outwardly in excavating and quickly returning the shovel after excavation.

My invention consists, moreover, in other meritorious features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a side elevation of a steam shovel or excavator embodying my invention. Fig. 2 isa top plan of port-ions of the same. Portions are broken away in said gures to more clearly show the construction. Fig. 3 is a front end elevation of the cardioor and shows also the so-called A-frame, the forward truck, the bolster over said truck, the external jack or brace at one side of the machine in its operative position, and the members of the frame of the brace at the opposite side of machine swung laterally alongside the inachines body portion. Fig. 4 is a top plan of the stationary bracket that bears the upper end of the diagonally-arranged bar of a braces frame and shows the connection of said bal-s end with said bracket. Fig. 5 is afront side elevation relative to Fig. ji. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a portion of the shovel-arm and shows my improved means for retaining the rack or racks upon said arm in mesh with the pinion or pinions upon a shaft that is borne by the boom and forms a part of the shovel-feed apparatus. Fig. 7 is an elevation, partly in transversesection, on line 7 7, Fig. 6. Fig. 8v is a side elevation of the upper end of the so-called A-frame and a vertically and laterally swinging bracket supported from the said frames head and bearing a sheave that is instrumental in supporting and guiding the hoisting chain or cable.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the body of the car of a steam shovel or excavator embodying my invention. The car is mounted upon two wheeled trucks a a, arranged at opposite ends, respectively, of the car.

B designates the bolsters over the trucks. Girders O extend lengthwise of the car and rest upon the trucks. in the case illustrated and are arranged at suitable intervals between the extremities of the trucks. Each of the two centrally-located girders is composed, preferably, of two channel-bars arranged with their hanged sides visa-vis and wood-lling between said bars, as shown in Fig. 3. Each of the two outer girders is composed of a channel-bar at its inner side and an I-beam at its outer side and Woodilling between said beam and bar. Said I- beam is comparatively wide and extends be- Four girders are shown IOO low the girder, as at C', and over the ends of the bolsters, andV has its lower inner iange engaging the under sides of the holsters, as

shown in Fig. 3. Any suitable number of cross-beams C2 are preferably interposed between the lower portions of the two I-beams at suitable intervals between the bolsters. The I-beams are also preferably connected together by any suitable number of tie-rods C3. It will therefore be observed that the I- beams effectually truss the lower portion of the machines body portion without interfering with the strength of the bolsters.

The car or body portion at the forward end of the car-body has a forwardly-extending platform A', and E designates the so-called A-frame, that is mounted upon and suitably secured to said platform, preferably at the platforms rear portion just forward of the car-body. Said frame E is instrumental in supporting' the laterally-swinging boom or crane of the machine, and at its upper end is provided with a metallic cap or head e, that embraces the upper end of the A-frame, and the rearwardly and downwardly extending diagonally-arranged bar E', that supports and braces the A-fra'me in a rearward direction. Cap or head e at its upper end is provided with a horizontally-arrangedV and forwardlyprojecting ear e', that bears the upper pivotal center of the laterally-swim ging boom or crane and bears the horizontally-swinging bracket e2, that is vertically pivoted at its inner end to said ear and has its axis forming the aforesaid pivotal center. To the' outer and forward end of bracket e2 is suitably connected the rear end of a rod e3, whose forward end is attached to the upper and outer end of boom F, that projects outwardly and upwardly from and is operatively connected with the suitably-actuated horizontally-arranged turntable F', (shown mounted upon the forward portion of platform B and upon a vertical hollow box or trunnion a', rigid with platform A.) The boom comprises in the main two bars or beams arranged parallel with each other, as shown in Fig. 2.

G designates the excavating clipper or shovel, g the shovel-arm, and G the shovels bail.

G2 represents the hoisting chain or cable that is suitably attached at one end to the shovelbail, thence leads upwardly to and over a vertically-arranged sheave G3, suitably supported from and between the upper end of the two bars or beams composing the boom and having its axis extending transversely of the boom. From sheave G3 cable G2 leads rearwardly and approximately horizontally to and over a vertically-arranged sheave G4, having its axis parallel with the boom-sheave G3 and supported from a vertically and laterally swinging bracket G5, preferably journaled at its upper end upon the arm e4 of bracket e2. From sheave G"l the hoisting chain or cable leads downwardly and rearwardly to and operatively engages a windin gdrum G6, that is called the hoisting-drum, and is loosely mounted upon a shaft H, arranged transversely of and supported within car-body A a suitable distance rearward of the A-frame, and it is obvious that the excavating-shovel is hoistedwhen the hoistingcable is wound upon the hoisting-drum, and lowers by gravity when said drum is rendered free to pay out the engaging cable. Shaft H is intergeared at h with a suitably-actuated driving-shaft I, arranged rearward of and parallel with shaft H, and operative connection between the hoisting-drum and the shaftbearing is controlled by a suitably-operated clutch G7. (See Fig. 2.)

The A-frame straddles the rear portion of the turn-table without interfering with the latters operation, and the space or interval between said table and hoisting-drum-supporting shaft should be large enough to accommodate the location of the suitably-driven shaft J, that is arranged forward of and par- Again referring to the means for supporting and guiding the hoisting chain or cable over the turn-table, it will be observed that the axis of sheave-bearingbracket G5 is arranged parallel or approximately parallel with the cable-section extending between sheave G4 and the boom-sheave G3, and said axis preferabl y traverses the upper pivotal center of the boom, by which construction and arrangement of parts said section of the hoisting-cable and sheave G4 are kept in their proper relative positionk or alinement in swinging the boom laterally. Fig. 8 shows bracket G5 swung laterally into a position it assumes upon swinging the boom laterally and rearwardly in one direction. The journaling of bracket G5 upon the adjacent arm of bracket e2 dispenses with the employment of a separate piece or member for supporting said bracket G5.

The two chains or cables ff (see Fig. 2) instrumental in swinging the boom laterally in opposite directions, respectively, are suitably attached to the turn-table at opposite sides, respectively, of and in close proximity to the boom, and said cables lead from the table rearwardly to and operatively engage different winding-drums f' f', respectively, loosely mounted upon shaft J and a suitable distance apart, and itis obvious that the boom is swung laterally in the one or the other direction according as the one or the other of said cables is Wound upon the engaging drum. A suit- IOO ably-operated clutch f2 is provided for each drum f for controllingv operative connection between the drum and shaft.

Shovel-arm gis shown composed of a single beam, (see Fig. 7,) and upon its rear side is provided with two parallel racks g g', arranged a suitable distance apart and longitudinally of the arm. Racks g' g' mesh with two different pinions Z Z, respectively, that are operatively mounted upon a suitablydriven shaft Z, arranged horizontally and transversely of and suitably supported from the boom, as shown in Figs. 2 and 7, and it is obvious that the shovel-arm,and consequently the shovel, is thrust or fed outwardly as required to excavate or returned or moved inwardly after excavating, according as said shaft Z is rotated in the one or the other direction.

To retain the shovel-arm racks in operative engagement with the aforesaid pinions during the feeding operation of the shovel, and at the same time accommodate the construction of the shovel-arm of a single beam, I provide a yoke or strap g2, that is U-shaped and has its central portion straddlin g the pinion-bearing shaft, as shown very clearly in Figs. 6 and 7, and has its ends terminating in laterally-projecting and external flanges g3, suitably secured, preferably removably,by means of bolts and nuts g4 and g5, respectively, to a block or plate g,that easily tits within a recess gi, formed within the shovel-arms rear side between and behind the inner portions of the rack-bars and long enough to accommodate the feed of the shovel. Member Q6 overlaps, therefore, the back sides of the rack-bars.

Two spur-gears Z2 Z2 (see Fig. 2) are operatively mounted upon shaft Z at opposite sides, respectively, of the boom and mesh with pinions L2 L2, respectively, that are operatively mounted upon opposite ends, respectively, of a shaft L, that is arranged parallel with and a suitable distance rearward of shaft Z, and is supported from the boom. A windingdrum L is operatively mounted upon shaft L between the two bars or beams that compose the boom. A suitably-actuated shovelfeed chain or cable M leads over an d is adapted to wind upon one end of drum Ll in the one direction, and another suitably-actuated shovel-feed chain or cable m leads in under and is adapted to wind upon the opposite end portion of said drum and in the opposite direction, so that when one of said cables is actuated and in the direction required to pay it out from the engaging drum the other feedcable is wound upon the engaging drum and the shovel is fed in or out, according as said drum is rotated in the one direction or 'the other.

The two chains or cables M m lead downwardl y and rearwardly from drum L' to and over vertical sheaves Mm, respectively, supported from the lower end of the boom and arranged side by side just forward and at opposite sides, respectively, of the turn-tables axis, with their axes coincident with each other and extending transversely of the boom. From sheaves M m said cables M and m lead downwardly through the hole a2, extending centrally through trunnion a', upon which the turn-table is mounted, and throughplatform A to and in under the two suitably-supported sheaves M2 m2, respectively, that are arranged side by side below said table and at oppositev sides, respectively, and just rearward of the tables axis, and thence cables M and fm lead upwardly and rearwardly into operative engagement with dierent drums M3 and m3, respectively, loosely mounted upon shaft J. A suitably-operated clutch J is provided for each of said drums for controlling operative connection between the drum and shaft. It will also be observed that drum M3 is diametrically larger than drum m3, and consequently cable M when wound upon its actuating-drum M3 is more rapidly driven than cable m when the latter is wound upon its actuating-drum, and the arrangement of parts is, furthermore, such that the smaller drum m3 is instrumental in eectin g the excavating stroke or movement of the shovel, and the larger drum M3 nds employment in returning or inwardly moving the shovel after excavating. It is obvious, therefore, that a slow and powerful thrust 'is given to the shovel in excavating and a quick return of the shovel after excavating is effected.

Any suitable means, not considered necessary to describe or illustrate in this application, for maintaining the shovel-feed cables under proper tension during the shovel-feeding operation is preferably provided.

I would here remark that shaft J when operated is driven continuously in one direction and is intergeared with shaft H by a pinion H', operatively mounted upon said shaft H and meshing with a diametrically larger spurgear J2, operatively mounted on shaft J. (See Fig. 2.) The placing of the shovel-feed drums M3 and m3 and boom-swinging drums upon a shaft forward of the hoisting-drum shaft is important, because it admits of placing simple lever mechanism (not shown) for operating the clutches provided for said drums within the attendants convenient reach and also admits of the provision of motion for the boom and shovel-feed slower than the motion employed for hoisting the shovel.

O designates a vertically-tilting lever fulcrumed at its upper end at O to the shovelarm in suitable proximity to the hinged end of the hinged bottom of the shovel. Said lever is shown only in Fig. l and is instrumental in releasing the shovel-bottom from latch mechanism (not shown) employed to retain the bottom closed. Lever O is operated bya rope O2, suitably supported and leading to and over the operators stand within convenient reach of the operator and engaged by a poise O3, that holds said rope under a suitable tension.

The machines body portion should be ad- IOO IIC

equately braced laterally and externally, especiallyimmediately adjacent to the A-frame. It will of course be understood that an excavator of the character indicated is braced at both sides, and a description of the brace employed at either side of the excavator is therefore considered sufficient. The brace employedcomprises a base or foot P, (see Figs. l, 2, and 3,) arranged to bear upon the ground or supporting surface a suitable distance from the adjacentside of the machine. Said foot or base is borne upon by an upright screw Q, that extends through and engages an upright nut R', (shown in dotted lines,) formed internally of the outer and lower end of the brace-frames diagonally-arranged bar R. Screw Q at its upper end is provided with suitable means, such, for instance, as a bar Q', extending through it,for turning the same. Bar R at its upper end is vertically journaled within a bracket A2, rigidly secured to the machines body portion adjacent to the A-frame, whereby said bar is capable of being swung laterally. The braces frame also comprises two approximately horizontallyarranged rods or bars S, vertically pivoted at their inner ends, as at S', to the under side of the machines body portion and a suitable distance apart, and said bars or rods S S extend,laterally of the machine and converge toward their outer ends, where they are detachably secured, preferably by means of a single horizontally-arranged bolt or pin S2, to opposite sides, respectively, of the outer end of bar R. The forward lower member S of the braces frame is pivoted, preferably, to the under side of the bolster over the forward truck, and the rear member S is preferably pivoted to the under side of the cross-beam C2, located next rearward of said bolster. It will be observed, therefore, that the framework of vmy improved brace forms a horizontally-arranged tripod, whose three members are connected at three dierent points, respectively, to the machines stationary part below and adjacent to the A-frame, and that by removing the ground-engaging platform or foot from, or releasing it relative to, the screw of the jack or brace the three members of the braces frame are rendered free to be swung laterally alongside of the machine as a convenience in the transportation or shipment of a machine. The members of the frame of one of the braces are shown swung laterally in Figs. 2 and 3.

The hinge connection between the machines body portion and the upper end of the diagonally-arranged bar R of the framework of the jack or brace consists, preferably, of a vertical cylindrical journal r, (see Figs. 4 and 5,) formed upon the upper end of said bar and seated upona comparatively narrow shoulder, flange, or rib A3, formed upon bracket A2 at the inner and rear sides of said journal. The upper end of bracket A2 overhangs the journal, as at A", and the overhanging portion of said bracket is provided upon its under side with a comparatively shallow recess A5, engaged easily by the journals upper end, and said peculiar hinge connection will, in case the lower members 0r supports of the braces frame break, come apart and permit the diagon ally-arranged bar immediately to drop or become disconnected from the machines body portion, and thereby avoid breakage of said bar and the hinge connection.

Vhat I claim is- 1. An excavator of the character indicated, mounted upon trucks arranged at opposite `ends, respectively, of the machine, and havsides, respectively, of the body portion and resting upon the bolster and composed, partially, of comparatively wide I-beams that extend downwardly over the ends of the bolsters, and have their lower inner lianges extending in under the bolsters; intermediate beams or girders extending between and over and `resting upon the holsters, and the tumtable-bearing platform upon the forward portion of said girders, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the machines stationary portion, of an external brace for the same, said brace having its frame composed of three members extending laterally from said stationary portion, said brace members being capable of being swung laterally and hinged or pivoted to said stationary portion independently of each other, and a single bolt or pin detachably securing together the outer ends of said brace members, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination with the machines stationary portion and an external brace for the same, said brace comprising any suitable number of lower rods or bars extending laterally and outwardly from the lower part of the machines stationary portion, and a diagonally-arranged bar suitably secured, at its lower and outer end, to the outer end or ends of said lower member or members, and terminating in an upright journal at its upper end, of a bracket suitably secured to the machines stationary portion and voverhanging said journal and provided, at the lower end of the journal, with a comparatively narrow: rib or seat bearing the journal, and the brackets overhangin g portion being provided with a recess engaged by the journals upper end, substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of the boom, the excavating-shovel, winding-drum suitably supported from the boom, a suitably-actuated cable adapted to wind upon and drive said drum in the one direction, another suitablyactuated cable adapted to wind upon and drive the drum in the opposite direction, and a suitable operative connection between the drum and shovel whereby the latter is fed in the one or the other direction according as said drum is driven in the one direction or the other, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of the boom, the excavating-shovel, a suitably-supported windingdrum, a suitably-actuated cable operatively connected with said drum and arranged to drive said drum in one direction, another more rapidly-speeded cable operatively engagin g and arranged to drive the drum in the opposite direction, and a suitable operative connection between the drum and shovel whereby the latter is fed in the one or the other direction according as said drum is driven in the one direction or the other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination with the boom, a pinion or pinions suitably supported from the boom, the excavating-shovel having an arm provided with a rack or racks meshing with said pinion or pinions, a suitably-supported drum operatively connected with said pinion or pinions, a suitably-actuated cable leading in under and operatively engaging said drum, and another suitably-actuated cable leading over and operatively engaging said drum, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

S. The combination with the boom, a pinion or pinions suitably supported from the boom, the excavating-shovel having an arm provided with a rack or racks meshing with said pinion or pinions, of a suitably-supported drum operatively connected with said pinion or pinions, a suitably-actuated cable leading in under an d operatively engaging said drum, and another suitably-actuated cable leading over and operatively engaging said drum, and one of said cables being speeded more rapidly than the other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination of the boom, excavatin g-shovel,a suitably-supported and suitablyactuated shaft driven, when operated, continuously in one direction, two drums loosely mounted upon said shaft and differing in size diametrically, a clutch for each of said drums for establishing operative connection between the respect-ive drum and shaft, two cables operatively engaging the diiferent drums, respectively, and mechanism or apparatus establishing operative connection between said cables and the excavating-shovel and so arranged that the cable engaging the diametrically larger drum shall be instrumental in effecting the return stroke of the shovel after excavatin g, and the other cable shall be instrumental in effecting the shovels excavating stroke, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l0. The combination with the boom, a pinion or pinions suitably supported from the boom, the excavating-shovel having an arm provided with a rack or racks meshing with said pinion or pinions, of a drum operatively connected with'said pinion or pinions, a cable leading in under and operatively engaging one portion of said-drum, another cable leading over and operatively engaging another portion of said drum, and the arrangement of parts being such that the shovels excavating stroke or return stroke is eected according as said drum is turned in the one or the other direction, a shaft driven, when operated, continuously in one direction, two drums loosely mounted upon said shaft and operatively engaging the different cables, respectively, a clutch foreach of said loosely-mounted drums for controlling operative connection between the drum and shaft, and the clutch-controlled drum engaging the cable instrumental in effecting the shovels excavating stroke being diametrically smaller than the other clutchcontrolled drum, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. p

l1. A machine of the character indicated having the so-called hoisting-drum loosely mounted on a shaft arranged transversely of and suitably supported from the machines body portion and suitably driven, when operated, continuously in one direction, a'clutch for controlling operative connection between said drum and shaft, another shaft suitably supported forward of and arranged parallel and intergeared with the hoisting-drum shaft, the two drums instrumental in feeding the excavating-shovel in opposite directions, respectively, and the two drums employed in swinging the boom laterally in opposite directions, respectively, loosely mounted upon the forward shaft, and a clutch for each of said four last-mentioned drums for controlling operative connection between the respective drum and shaft, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l2. The combination of the boom capable of being swung laterally and having a lower pivotal center and an upper pivotal center, an excavating-shovel, a sheave supported at a suitable elevation above the booms lower end and having its axis extending transversely of the boom, another sheave between the pivotal centers of the boom and in close proximity to the booms upper pivotal center, the suitablyactuated hoisting-cable operatively connected with the shovel and thence leading to and over the boom-sheave and thence to and over the aforesaid sheave, and a vertically and laterally swinging bracket bearing the last-mentioned sheave and having its axis approximatelyparallel Wi th the hoisting-cable section leading to said sheave from the boom-sheave, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

13. The combination with the machines IOO IIO

IZO

ing to and overthe boom-sheave, thence rearwardly to and over the first-mentioned sheave,

and thence downwardly and rearwardly, and a suitablyactuated Windingdrum operatively engaging said cable and located a snitable distance rearward of the boom, 'Substam` tially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I sign this specifical-v tion, in the presence of two witnesses,vthis 13th day of February, 1896.

, GEORGE W. KING.

VVitnesrses: Y

HARRY J. BARNHART, A. E. CHENEY.

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