US560286A - Oooooo - Google Patents

Description

Noma L. E. SOLIGNAG.

` STEAM GENERATOR. No. 560,286.

Patented May 19, v1896.

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M. FHUTD'UTHQWASNNETBN D C NITED STATES LOUIS EDMOND SOLIGNAO, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

PATENT OFFICE.

STEAM-G EN ERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,286, dated May 19, 1896.

Application led May 2, 1895. Serial No. 547,840. (No model.) Patented in France October 18, 1894, No. 242,194.

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Be it known that I, LOUIS EDMOND SOLIG- NAC, of the city of Paris, France, have invented Improvements in Steam-Generators, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France for fifteen years, dated October 18, 1894, No. 241194,) of which the following is a clear and exact description.A

This invention relates to steam-generators of the kind in which highly-heated water inj ectcd into a heated tube is flashed into steam, the invention consisting more particularly in the combination and arrangement of the various parts, as will be hereinafter described.

In a steam-generator of this kind the length of the lashing-tube should be as restricted as possible; otherwise there would be too great a difference in the evaporative effect at successive parts of the tube, those nearest the jet being bathed in water, while those near the exit evaporate, whereas if the injection be reduced the latter will only superheat. Now the great evaporative power (two hundred kilos per square meter) of such steam flashers or generators depends upon the fact that their heating-surfaces are not, as in ordinary generators, completely covered with water, which being a bad conductor of heat impedes the transmission to the operative surface of the water of the heatreceived at the heating-surface. The thinner the layer of water between the heating and evaporative surfaces the more rapid will be the evaporation, which reaches its maximum when the heating and evaporative surfaces are coincident, as in a heated tube into which water is injected. Therefore, when a portion of the tube merely superheats the steam, the surface is but imperfectly utilized, inasmuch as super-heated steam only absorbs about one caloric per kilogram, from which itwill be evident that it is of advantage to limit the length of the tube. Vhen, therefore, it is required to evaporate a large quantity of Water, a number of such steam-flashing tubes should be employed, placed parallel to one another7 instead of a single one of greater length. It is known that in ordinary generators the elasticity of production depends on the volume of water superheated. I have also found that to avoid overheating it is only requisite to inject under pressure Water at the highest possible temperature, which partly'evaporates, moistens the surface of the tube with steam, and thus insures the contact of the non-vaporized liquid with the heated surface.

Figure 1 shows a developed section of a device embodying my invention, the same being a vertical section through the reservoir and pipes and a horizontal section through the flasher-tubes; and Fig. 2, a vertical section through the tlashertubes on lines 1 2 of Fig. l.

The generator comprises a series of horizontal tubes a, placed within a furnace and heated directly therefrom. In to the lower end of each tube projects a nozzle b, by which water is injected in the form of spray, the nozzles b being supplied by a pump d., which takes the water from the boiler e and delivers it under pressure through pipe c, the pump being actuated by a donkey-engine 71 supplied with steam by pipe t' from the steam-space of the boiler c, which contains a large supply of water heated under pressure by the steam generated in the flashing-tubes a, which are connected to the boiler by pipes f, provided with check-valves g, allowing the steam to enter the lower part of the boiler and pass up through the water therein, but preventing the return of Water. j is the steam-pipe of the boiler. A pipe Zr. connects the boiler e and the pipe c for establishing circulation at starting before any steam is available for working the donkey-engine, a cock on said pipe being closed when the pump is started.

The advantages of the above-described arrangement are reduction of the heating-sur face required, inasmuch as evaporation is effected by injection under the most favorable conditions, regard being hadto the short length of the tubes; avoidance of overheating while using tubes of large area to promote the generation of steam and consequently rapid evaporation; elasticity of production notless than in ordinary boilers, the large body of water contained in the boiler c serving as a reservoir; freedom from risk of accident as each flashing-tube is made independent by its check-valve g, and but a small volume of Water is injected at a time. As the boiler e IOO need not bc directly heated by the flames it may be considered to be not a boiler, rbut simply a reservoir or steam-chest.

The number and Inode of grouping the flashingtubes may be varied according to the quantity of steam to be produced, said tubes being always independent either individually or ingroups working in parallel under similar evaporative conditions.

I claiml. In a steam-generator, the combination of a reservoir, asher-tubes located below the reservoir and leading thereinto, provided with nozzles at their lower ends and inlet-valves leading into the reservoir interposed between the tubes and the reservoir the said inlet valves being arranged to admit the inflow of steam therethrough into the reservoir and to check the outilow of water therethrough, substantially as described.

2. In a steam-generator,a reservoir, flasher-

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