US542772A - Make-and-break switch - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-S11eet 1. M. MOSKOWITZ.

MAKE .AND BREAK SWITCH.

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MAKE AND BREAK SWITCH. No. 542,772. Patented July 16,1895.

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(No Model.) I s Sheets-Sheet 3. M. MOSKOWITZ. MAKE AND BREAK SWITCH.

No. 542,772. Patented July 16,1895.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MORRIS MOSKOYVITZ, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASS IGNOR TO THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC CAR LIGHTING COMPANY, OF VEST VIRGINIA.

MAKE-AND-BREAK SWITCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 542,772, dated July 16, 1895.

Application filed April 23, 1895. Serial No. 546,822. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MORRIS MOSKOWITZ, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Make-and-Break Switches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My present invention relates to a novel form of make-and-break switch for electrical purposes, which shall be of a simple construction, and which is sensitive and efficient'in its operation.

The object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a novel form of switch, which is sensitive, delicate, and very efficient in its operation, and in which the use of the ordinary mercury-cups, now employed in delicate switches of this class, is entirely dispensed with, and

in which the mechanical action to operate the switch is derived directly from an electromagnetic pull. lleretofore electromagnetic switches of this class were operated by dip- 0 ping a piece of copper wire into mercury-cups in order to establish or complete the electrical circuit to enable any delicate magnet to perform its work, as it is well known that the mercury offers but very little resistance to the entrance of the copper wires into the mercurybath. These forms of contacts for switches, however, are objectionable, in that the mercury is being constantly burned away and the copper is oxidized, so that it becomes a poor 0 conductor. Other constructions, such as the ordinary hand-switch, have been devised, but this construction requires a powerful electromagnet to operate the same, and which would have to be so large as to make a failure of the 4 5 construction from a practical and commercial standpoint.

In my present construction of switch I use a small commutator and brushes, much of the same construction employed in small electric 5o motors, with the brushes adjusted so that two opposite brushes will rest against two oppositely-placed commutator-sections which are electrically connected and establish a complete circuit for the flow of the current when the commutator has been partially rotated by the action of a shunt-magnet and its armature-bar mechanically connected with the com m ut-ator.

The invention, therefore, consists in the novel construction of make-and-break switch, 69 and also in the details of construction and arrangements and combinations of parts, such as will be hereinafter fully described, and finally pointed out in the clauses of.the claim.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference are em ployed in each of the several figures to indicate like parts, Figure 1 is a face view of my novel form of make-andbreak switch, illustrating the parts thereof in their normally inoperative positions, and Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a view similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1, with the parts in their operated positions when contact is made. Fig.

4 is a cross-section of the commutator, illustrating one manner of electrically connecting the opposite commutator-sections, and Fig. 5

is a similar viewillustrating a different manner of connecting the commutator-sections. Fig. 6 is a side view of the switch when the several parts are in their normal positions indicated in Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a like View of the switch with the parts in the positions illustrated in said Fig. 3, and Fig. 8 is a detail view of a sensitive spring-contact used in connection with the apparatus.

In said drawings, A is a suitable board or base to which is secured my novel form of make-and-breakswitcl1. The samecomprises therein a suitable high-resistance or shunt 9o magnet CL and a series magnet a, having the usual forms of magnetic cores a and a respectively, and are connected by the cross plates or pieces a and a at the top and bottom and a rod or post a substantially as 5 shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Journaled to a post or standard I) on said base Ais the armature I), provided with the contacts b and-b respectively, which are adapted to establish electrical contact with the ends of the cores a and a as will be clearly evident. On the free end of said bar or armature I) is an arm I) having a spring I)", which is normally in electrical contact with asnitable pin or spring contact b as will be seen from an inspec-- tion of Figs. 1 and 6. Pivotally connected with the free end ofsaid armature-bar b, by

means of a screw or pin 0', but insulatedtherefrom, as shown, is a connecting link or rod-c, which is operativelyand. iv t u' cured at its opposite end, by means of'a pin.

or screw 0 to a small commutator d, which it partially rotates when the armature-bar 0 is attracted by the electro magnet or magnets,

from each other, by any suitable insulating material d substantially astshown, said sec tions d being electrically connected bya suit-v able'connection d asin Figs. 4 and'5, 'orin' any other suitable manner, while the'sections' d are open-circuited, or mother words, there is no electrical connection between: them. Said sections or segments d'and d are suitably secured between the end. plates d -and d, having a pivotal support (1 which is arranged in the bearing-bar d of the frame (1 and in a suitable bearing in the base A, as will be understood from an inspection of Figs. 6 and 7. In sliding contact with the outer surfacesof said sections cl and d are suitable brushes 6 arranged on spring-arms e, which are securely arranged on the ends of suitable posts or standards'e on said base A. Only. two of such contact-brushes e are necessary to produce an operative make-andbreak switch; but I may use four, or six, or more, thepurpose of which will be morefully described hereinafter.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the armaturebarb is connected with the usual form of tension-spring f and the adjusting-screws f and f The'contact b on the barb is also adj ustably. arranged thereon bybeing secured to an adjusting-screw b and thenut b 'on said screw; On the top of thesaid armature-bar b I have also-secured asmall shunt-magnetg, the end g of whichis-normallybroughtagainst two spring-arms h and h, secured to the base A by screws 71. each arm being provided with slightlyprojecting contacts 71 which are forced against the contacts h on the springarms 7L5 and h, secured to the baseA by means of thescrewsh as will be clearly seenfrom Figs. 1, 3, and 8. Said arms1h and h audit and h are suitably connectedby-a resistance coilt' and Wires (notshown in the' present case) connecting the same with the commuta tor d for the purpose OfoVercoming'anypOssibility of sparking when the brushes 6 pass fromv the sections d to the sections d or'from the sections d to the sections d.

I will now describe the operation of' the parts comprising my novel form'of make-andbreakswitch. It is briefly as follows:

I have illustrated my novel form of switch in connection with a secondary battery'k, and it is designed-to makeor complete the circuit when the electro motive forceof thedynamo The current fiowsin' the direction of the arrows, coming in at the binding-post x, and follows the circuit 1 1 to the pin or spring-contact b thence-by the spring b and arm 11 through the armature-bar 1), wire 2, into the magnetic-coil forming the shunt-magnet a,

and out by the circuit-wires 3 4t to the binding=post"a;' to thesource of electrical energy.

The shunt-magnet a immediately energizes the core a and. causes the contact b on the bar I)" to make electricalcontact with said magnetic core a The operation of the link c in partly rotatingthecommutator (1 causes a' closed circuit through the commutatorsections,-atrthe same time breaking the contact between the p'in b and thespring-contact 19 as shown inFigs. 3 and 7, and the main circuit between-the main source of electricity. and a battery 70 or other electrical appliances in the circuit'5 5, connected'with the bindingsposts 00 and 00 and with the binding posts as, is then closedthrough the series magnet a. The current now flows in the direction of the arrows through the circuit-wires 1 6 to oneoffthe brush-arms e and its brush, through the electrically-connectedcommutator-sections d ,.to thezopposite brush e and its arm e, into the circuit-wire 7 to the coil on the seriesmagnet'a. The currentthen passes through said coil and outinto the circuit-wire 8 into-the binding-poster thence through the circuit'5 5 into the batteryk, and finally to the binding-posts 00 from which it passest'o the 1 post so and out','back' to the original'source of electricity. Thusit will'beseen that while the shunt-:magnetahasnow'been cut out of circuit, the contact b on the armature-barb is held. by the magnetic core a in the series magnet a and the circuit is still complete. The: series: magnet a being. of insufficient strength to attract the armature-barb in the first place,zbeing controlled by amperes'instead of volts, as is the case with the shunt magnet a, it will be seen that said shuntmagnet must. be out. out of circuit; otherwise it'will still holdon to the armature-bar b, when the voltage ofthe dynamo in the main circuit equals that of the battery. \Vhen this-happens it becomes. necessary that the make-andbreak switch should be open, which itcouild not do and would not do if the shuntmagneta were still in an unbroken circuit, but'whichit will do with the series magnet incircuit. Assoon as'th'e connection is-again broken between the series magnet and the bar I), all the parts returnfromi their operated positions, illustrated in Fig. 3, to their normally inoperative positions, (illustratedin Fig. 1,) and? contact is again established between the springpin-b and'the springb, connected with the barb, as; will b'e'clearly understood,

I As shown in Fig. 1, the small shunt-magnet g on the armature-bar b is in a shunt-circuit 9 9 connected with the binding-posts a: and co and is intended as a safeguard.

If through any cause whatever the tensionspring f should not act to withdraw the bar I) from its contact with the series magnet ct, and there should be a reaction of current from the battery to the dynamo in the main circuit, then the current would become reversed in the series magnet, changing the polarity of its magnetic core a and the result would prove a serious one. To avoid this the small shuntmagnet g has been used. This magnet being in a shunt-circuit the current through the magnet cannot be reversed, and hence its polarity will not become changed. Should the polarity in the series magnet a become changed the result will be that the polarity of the contact 71 which is part of the magnetic core of the electromagnet g, will be the same as the polarity of the upper portion of the core a in the series magnet a, and the result will bethat these like poles will immediately repel each other. This will cause the armature l) to be held away from the series magnet a until again attracted by the current controlling the action of the shunt-magnet Ct.

My novel form of make-and-break switch is especially adapted in systems for lighting trains by electricity generated from a dynamo on a car-wheel axle, in which the dynamo armature is subject to reversal of rotation and varying speed; but the operation of the apparatus need not be further described here in connection with the dynamo when used in this manner,it being my intention and purpose to use the apparatus in any system of electrical wiring and appliances arranged therein to which it is applicable.

It is obvious that the precise form and arrangements of the parts herein shown are not essential to the present invention, and they may be varied without departing from the scope of my present invention. Hence I do not limit myself to the exact arrangements and combinations of the parts herein shown, claiming, broadly, the arrangement of an elec tromagnet and armaturebar operating a commutator to establish a complete circuit through a working-circuit to produce a sensitive and very delicate construction of makeand-break switch.

As has been previously stated, I may use more than two brushes 6 and arms 6 in connection with the commutator d, as will be clearly seen from Fig. 1, which can be arranged in other circuits, as 10, 11, &c., and in which are arranged electrical translating devices to be controlled by the action of the m ake-and-break switch.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a make and break switch, an electromagnet in shunt circuit and an electro-magnet in series, and a commutator controlled by said shunt magnet to establish a complete circuit through said series magnet and out said shunt magnet out of circuit, said commutator comprising therein, commutator sections (2' which are open-circuited, and commutator sections (1 which are electrically connected, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a make and break switch, an electromagnet in shunt circuit, an electro-magnctin series, a combined armature bar, a commuta tor, and a link connection between said armature bar and commutator to establish a complete circuit through said series magnet and out said shunt magnet out of circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a make and break switch, an electromagnet in shunt circuit, an electro-magnet in series, a combined armature bar, a commutator, and a link connection between said armature bar and commutator to establish a complete circuit through said series magnet and cut said shunt magnet out of circuit, said commutator comprising therein, commutator sections (1' which are open-circuited, and commutator sections d which are electrically connected, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a make and break switch, an electromagnet in shunt circuit, an electro-magnet in series, a combined armature bar, a commutator, and means connecting said commutator with said armature bar to establish a complete circuit through said series magnet and out said shunt magnet out of circuit, and a shunt magnet g on said armature bar in a shunt circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a make and break switch, an electromagnet in shunt circuit, an electronnagnet in series, a combined armature bar, a commutator, and means connecting said commutator with said armature bar to establish a com plete circuit through said series magnet and out said shunt magnet out of circuit, a shunt magnet g on said armature bar in shunt circuit, spring contacts hh and 7L27L3, and a resistance coil, all arranged, subtantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of April, 1895.

MORRIS MOSKOWITZ.

Witnesses:

FREDK. O. FRAENTZEL, W M. H. OAMmnLu, Jr.

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