US4526616A - Load-bearing thermal insulator - Google Patents
Load-bearing thermal insulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4526616A US4526616A US06/513,090 US51309083A US4526616A US 4526616 A US4526616 A US 4526616A US 51309083 A US51309083 A US 51309083A US 4526616 A US4526616 A US 4526616A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- platelets
- flakes
- insulator
- accordance
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromafenozide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C(=O)N(NC(=O)C=2C(=C3CCCOC3=CC=2)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Compositions for or methods of fixing a thermally insulating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/78—Features relating to cooling
- F16D65/84—Features relating to cooling for disc brakes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/78—Features relating to cooling
- F16D2065/785—Heat insulation or reflection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/02—Fluid-pressure mechanisms
- F16D2125/06—Pistons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/251—Mica
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2911—Mica flake
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved load-bearing thermal insulator.
- load-bearing thermal insulator is in a multi-disc brake system where it is desired that load-bearing elements provided to transmit the thrust of hydraulic pistons to the brake discs should also serve to protect the pistons and their hydraulic operating systems from the high temperatures generated by the friction surfaces.
- Thrust elements formerly used for this purpose have been made from asbestos-fibre-reinforced phenolic resins but these tend to degrade at temperatures in excess of 400° C. which thus adversely affect their load-bearing capacity.
- the ideal material for these thrust elements would be metal which is relatively cheap and easily formed and/or machined, but the high thermal conductivity of a metal thrust element is disadvantageous in that it readily conducts heat to the hydraulic system, causing boiling of the fluid with loss of brake efficiency, and possible damage to components.
- the primary object of the present invention is to provide a material which has the advantages of metal in terms of load-bearing capacity, low cost and ease of forming and machining but which will nevertheless provide an effective thermal barrier.
- a load-bearing thermal insulator comprising platelets or flakes of a thermally insulating material dispersed in a metal matric, a majority of the platelets or flakes having their major axes oriented to impede the flow of heat through the matrix material in one direction.
- Heat flow in a component occurs from a hot zone to a cold zone and unless they are diverted the lines of flow will take the shortest route.
- the platelets or flakes are oriented so as to interrupt and lengthen the flow paths through the matrix by which heat can flow.
- the platelets or flakes are oriented so that a majority of them lie approximately normal to the direction of heat flow.
- the platelets or flakes are of ceramic material distributed in the matrix so that the greater-area surfaces of at least most of them are generally parallel.
- the greater-area surfaces of at least most of the platelets or flakes will be generally parallel with the end surfaces of the element which are intended to engage the brake discs and the hydraulic mechanism respectively, or making low angles with the said end surfaces.
- a preferred method of making a load-bearing thermal insulator element in accordance with the invention comprises mixing flakes or platelets of a ceramic material with metal powder and cold-pressing the mixture so that in the resultant body the greater-area surfaces of at least most of the flakes or platelets are similarly oriented transverse to the direction of application of the pressing force.
- the pressed body is then sintered, after which it may if necessary be machined to a final shape.
- One advantage of the cold-pressing and sintering method is that it provides a degree of porosity in the finished element which, provided that the voids are not so large as to decrease strength, contributes to the thermal insulation properties.
- a preferred range of porosity would be 5% to 20% by volume.
- a preferred matrix material is austenitic stainless-steel which itself has a relatively low thermal conductivity.
- a preferred ceramic material is mica-flake.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic axial cross-sectional view showing part of a brake piston and thrust element assembly
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the assembly of FIG. 1 as viewed from the right-hand side of FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross-section, taken in the same plane as FIG. 1, showing a greatly enlarged portion of the thrust element.
- the brake piston 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is of conventional shape for slidably fitting into a hydraulic brake-operating cylinder (not shown) with the leading end 11 projecting from the cylinder to engage the end stator disc of a stack of interleaved carbon stator and rotor disc in a multi-disc aircraft brake.
- the leading end 11 of the piston 10 is recessed to provide a socket 12 in which a thermally insulating load-bearing element 13 is secured.
- the element 13 may be a press fit in the socket 12 or may alternatively or additionally be secured in the socket 12 by an adhesive, or additional mechanical means such as a rivet may be used to retain the element 13 in the socket.
- the element 13 comprises sintered metal matrix 14 in which flakes 15 of mica are embedded.
- the process of manufacture of the element 13 is controlled to ensure that the majority of the flakes of mica are aligned so that their planes extend parallel or at low angles to the plane of the end face 16 of the element 13.
- FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the appearance in cross-section of a typical distribution of the mica flakes 15 in the element 13, and it will be noted that the low-conductivity mica flakes obstruct the flow of heat in the axial direction of the element 13 and thus effectively lengthen the paths along which heat needs to flow through the metal matrix 14 in order to transfer heat axially through the element 13 from the leading end face 16 to the body 17 of the piston and thence to hydraulic fluid at the rear of the piston.
- a typical path for heat flow is indicated by the dotted line A--A, although it will be appreciated that in practice the routes through which heat may flow will be three-dimensional around the flakes 15.
- the resulting long heat flow paths in the material of the element 13 effectively reduce its overall thermal conductivity in the axial direction and thus provide it with insulating properties whilst retaining the strength and easy forming and machining characteristics of the sintered metal matrix.
- Typical mica flakes which have been found suitable for the manufacture of the element 13 constitute irregular platelets having dimensions in their greater-area surface planes within the range 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters and average thicknesses within the range 0.01 to 0.04 millimeters.
- 20% by weight of mica-flake (a range of 10% to 30% is suitable) was mixed with 80% by weight of austenitic stainless-steel powder (a corresponding range of 70% to 90% is suitable).
- the cold mixture was first subjected in a mould to a pressure within the range 300 to 600 Mega Newtons per square meter to form the shape of the element 13 and the resulting body was sintered in vacuum at approximately 1,100 degrees Celsius (a temperature within the range 1000° C. to 1200° C. is suitable).
- the strength of the element 13 of this example in the axial direction measured at a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius was 350 Mega Newtons per square meter.
- Samples of this material tested for thermal conductivity gave values of 6.3 Watts per meter degree Celsius perpendicular to the cold-pressing direction and 2.6 Watts per meter degree Celsius in the pressing direction.
- the strength of the element 13 of this example in the axial direction was 147 Mega Newtons per square meter.
- thermal insulators in accordance with the invention include pistons in internal combustion engines and insulators in gas turbine engines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8221692 | 1982-07-27 | ||
| GB8221692 | 1982-07-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4526616A true US4526616A (en) | 1985-07-02 |
Family
ID=10531935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/513,090 Expired - Lifetime US4526616A (en) | 1982-07-27 | 1983-07-12 | Load-bearing thermal insulator |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4526616A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3326728C2 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2532037B1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2124658B (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1163853B (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2829689A1 (de) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-28 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Dämmeinrichtung für eine thermischen Gastrubine, zugehörige thermische Gasturbine und Herstellungsverfahren |
| US20190017465A1 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Aluminum foam core piston with coaxial laser bonded aerogel/ceramic head |
| CN109693784A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-30 | 赛峰起落架系统公司 | 用于制动飞机轮的杆间隔器 |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4672190A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-06-09 | The Gerber Scientific Instrument Company | Line following system and process with matrix generating |
| GB9322877D0 (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1993-12-22 | Dunlop Ltd | Multi-disc brake |
| DE19534220A1 (de) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-03-20 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Bremskolben |
| JP3838445B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 2006-10-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | チタン合金製ブレーキローター及びその製造方法 |
| DE102017207724A1 (de) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Bremssattel einer Scheibenbremse eines Fahrzeuges |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3817719A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1974-06-18 | United Aircraft Corp | High temperature abradable material and method of preparing the same |
| US4274875A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1981-06-23 | Brico Engineering Limited | Powder metallurgy process and product |
| US4383856A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1983-05-17 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing multilayer head core |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3047383A (en) * | 1955-12-27 | 1962-07-31 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Polyphase materials |
| GB893852A (en) * | 1959-02-20 | 1962-04-11 | Du Pont | Improvements relating to alumina |
| GB1172855A (en) * | 1966-04-14 | 1969-12-03 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to Processes for Producing Fibre-reinforced Sintered Metals |
| GB1199377A (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1970-07-22 | Monsanto Co | Metal/Refractory Fibre Composite Products. |
| DE1655218A1 (de) * | 1968-03-09 | 1971-11-04 | Schmidt Gmbh Karl | Bremseinrichtung mit Waermedaemmung |
| FR2003588A1 (de) * | 1968-03-09 | 1969-11-07 | Schmidt Gmbh Karl | |
| DE1960081A1 (de) * | 1969-11-29 | 1971-06-03 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen |
| US3917719A (en) * | 1970-06-03 | 1975-11-04 | Kerr Mc Gee Chem Corp | Process for the preparation of 4-nitro-m-cresol |
| GB1373485A (en) * | 1970-07-24 | 1974-11-13 | Gkn Group Services Ltd | Production of compotie materials |
| US3879831A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1975-04-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Nickle base high temperature abradable material |
| GB1383566A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1974-02-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Fibrerenforced metal composites |
| JPS5534215B2 (de) * | 1974-02-08 | 1980-09-05 | ||
| JPS5246316A (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1977-04-13 | Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd | Process for producing aluminium base composite material reinforced wit h alumina fiber |
| JPS6041136B2 (ja) * | 1976-09-01 | 1985-09-14 | 財団法人特殊無機材料研究所 | シリコンカ−バイド繊維強化軽金属複合材料の製造方法 |
| DE2745781A1 (de) * | 1977-10-12 | 1979-04-26 | Silag Inc | Verfahren zur herstellung einer faserverstaerkten metallmasse |
| JPS5547335A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-04-03 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of fiber reinforced metal based composite material |
| EP0038775A3 (de) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-11-04 | Sinterwerke Grenchen AG | Fahrzeugscheibenbremse |
-
1983
- 1983-07-12 US US06/513,090 patent/US4526616A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-07-18 GB GB08319341A patent/GB2124658B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-25 DE DE3326728A patent/DE3326728C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-07-26 IT IT22239/83A patent/IT1163853B/it active
- 1983-07-27 FR FR8312401A patent/FR2532037B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3817719A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1974-06-18 | United Aircraft Corp | High temperature abradable material and method of preparing the same |
| US4383856A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1983-05-17 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing multilayer head core |
| US4274875A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1981-06-23 | Brico Engineering Limited | Powder metallurgy process and product |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2829689A1 (de) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-28 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Dämmeinrichtung für eine thermischen Gastrubine, zugehörige thermische Gasturbine und Herstellungsverfahren |
| US9771827B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2017-09-26 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Damping device for being situated between a housing wall and a casing ring of a housing of a thermal gas turbine |
| US20190017465A1 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Aluminum foam core piston with coaxial laser bonded aerogel/ceramic head |
| KR20190008087A (ko) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-23 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 동축으로 레이저 접합된 에어로겔/세라믹 헤드를 가진 발포 알루미늄 코어 피스톤 |
| US10544752B2 (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2020-01-28 | Hyundai Motor Company | Aluminum foam core piston with coaxial laser bonded aerogel/ceramic head |
| CN109693784A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-30 | 赛峰起落架系统公司 | 用于制动飞机轮的杆间隔器 |
| US11408473B2 (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2022-08-09 | Safran Landing Systems | Bar spacer for a braked aircraft wheel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3326728C2 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
| IT1163853B (it) | 1987-04-08 |
| GB8319341D0 (en) | 1983-08-17 |
| GB2124658B (en) | 1986-09-10 |
| DE3326728A1 (de) | 1984-02-02 |
| IT8322239A0 (it) | 1983-07-26 |
| GB2124658A (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| FR2532037A1 (fr) | 1984-02-24 |
| IT8322239A1 (it) | 1985-01-26 |
| FR2532037B1 (fr) | 1987-07-10 |
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Owner name: DUNLOP LIMITED DUNLOP HOUSE ,RYDER STREET ST.JAMES Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:FENNELL, THOMAS G.;FISHER, RONALD;REEL/FRAME:004361/0087 Effective date: 19830622 Owner name: DUNLOP LIMITED,ENGLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FENNELL, THOMAS G.;FISHER, RONALD;REEL/FRAME:004361/0087 Effective date: 19830622 |
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