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US4408984A - Burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of a liquid fuel and combustion air - Google Patents

Burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of a liquid fuel and combustion air Download PDF

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Publication number
US4408984A
US4408984A US06/249,704 US24970481A US4408984A US 4408984 A US4408984 A US 4408984A US 24970481 A US24970481 A US 24970481A US 4408984 A US4408984 A US 4408984A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
chamber
combustion
burner
hydraulic cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/249,704
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Forster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3013428A external-priority patent/DE3013428C2/de
Priority claimed from DE3047702A external-priority patent/DE3047702C2/de
Application filed by Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH filed Critical Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
Assigned to KERNFORSCHUNGSANLAGE JULICH GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG reassignment KERNFORSCHUNGSANLAGE JULICH GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FORSTER SIEGFRIED
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4408984A publication Critical patent/US4408984A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/46—Devices on the vaporiser for controlling the feeding of the fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air, which includes a closed combustion chamber for the infeed of the fuel with porous walls permeable to the fuel.
  • the combustion chamber is arranged within a flow chamber which is streamed through by preheated combustion air flowing towards the combustion zone.
  • the invention is also directed to a burner for the formation and combustion of the ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air which includes a fuel chamber fillable with fuel for the infeed of the fuel, which is equipped with porous walls permeable to the fuel and is hydraulically displaceably arranged within a combustion chamber, which is streamed through by preheated combustion air towards the combustion zone, in opposition to a counter force, wherein a hydraulic cylinder which guides the fuel chamber includes a connection for the inlet of fuel as the hydraulic operating medium, and a fuel conduit leads from the fuel-filled inner space of the hydraulic cylinder towards the inner space of the fuel chamber, and wherein there is also provided a discharge for the fuel leading from the fuel chamber through the inner space of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Burners of this type are determined for industrial furnaces, as well as for heat generators of smaller sized unit.
  • the liquid fuel passes through the porous walls of the fuel chamber and vaporizes in the preheated combustion air streaming through the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel and combustion air are mixed together and introduced as an ignitable mixture into the combustion zone.
  • the fuel chamber of the burner is displaceably arranged in the space which is streamed through by the preheated combustion air so as to be able to regulate the delivery of fuel into the combustion air and in order to avoid fuel losses or an undesirable after-burning subsequent to the switching off of the burner.
  • the fuel chamber is arranged to be hydraulically displaceable wherein the fuel which is to be conducted into the combustion chamber serves concurrently as the hydraulic fluid.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a burner with a hydraulically displaceable fuel chamber in which the fuel which is to be conducted into the fuel chamber is usable as a hydraulic operating medium, without thereby adversely affecting a troublefree mixture formation for the intended combustion within the combustion chamber of the burner through uncontrolled fuel penetrating into the combustion chamber from the hydraulic unit, or that fuel will be conveyed into the environment.
  • the porous walls of the fuel chamber which convey the fuel are separable from the combustion chamber which conveys the combustion air for switching on and switching off of the burner so that during these phases the vaporization process is disruptable.
  • This can be effected, for example, by means of a sleeve which is so inverted over the porous wall that no fuel can enter the combustion chamber.
  • the separation between the porous walls and the combustion chamber is controlled in dependence upon the temperature of the combustion air in the flow chamber.
  • the fuel chamber is displaceably arranged in the combustion chamber in opposition to the force of a spring.
  • the spring force is so adjusted that the fuel chamber is maintained out of the combustion chamber by the spring.
  • the fuel chamber is inserted in dependence upon the temperature in the combustion chamber. When the combustion air has reached the temperature which is for the formation of the ignitable, stoichiometric fuel-combustion air mixture, then the fuel chamber is conducted into the combustion chamber. At the switching off of the burner, the fuel chamber is again withdrawn out of the combustion chamber under the effect of the spring.
  • the fuel chamber is arranged so as to be hydraulically displaceable, as well as employing the liquid fuel itself as the hydraulic operating medium.
  • the fuel chamber is fastened onto a hydraulic piston which is conveyed within a hydraulic cylinder so that the inner space of the hydraulic unit which is under super-atmospheric pressure and the space which is passed through by the combustion air can be sealed independently of each other along the sliding surfaces.
  • the discharge which extends through the inner space of the hydraulic unit is rigidly connected with the hydraulic cylinder and projects into a recess of the hydraulic cylinder which is slidably arranged on the discharge.
  • an overflow conduit for fuel In order to be able to draw off that portion of the fuel which, during the moving in and out of the fuel chamber, exits through the porous walls into a hydraulic cylinder space which is destined for the receipt of the fuel chamber, connected on the hydraulic cylinder is an overflow conduit for fuel.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view through a first embodiment of a burner constructed pursuant to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of the burner.
  • the burner includes a fuel chamber 1 with porous walls 2 which are permeable to the passage of the fuel.
  • the fuel chamber 1 is constructed cylindrically-shaped and covered at both end surfaces thereof with closure plates 3, 4.
  • the closure plates are mounted aligned on the cylindrical porous wall 2 of the fuel chamber 1 and evidence a smooth outer cylindrical surface.
  • the fuel chamber 1 is constructed so as to be displaceable and is shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings in its operative position within a combustion chamber space 5 which is passed through by combustion air.
  • the fuel chamber 1 projects centrally into the combustion chamber which, in this embodiment, also includes the annular space 5 between the outer surface of the porous wall 2 and an inner heat exchanger 6.
  • the combustion air is introduced into the chamber space 5 through an inlet conduit 7 which includes a pipe connector 8 for the combustion air.
  • the inlet conduit 7 encompasses the heat exchanger tube 6 and, concurrently, forms the outer wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion of the fuel-air mixture is effected in a combustion zone 9 within the heat exchanger tube 6.
  • the heat exchanger tube conists of ceramic.
  • the combustion air which flows within the inlet conduit 7 is preheated through heat emission from the combustion zone 9.
  • an electrical resistance heater 10 which is would about the ceramic heat exchanger and includes outwardly conducted electrical connectors 11, 12.
  • Within the flow chamber 5 there vaporizes in the preheated combustion air the fuel which passes from the fuel chamber through the porous walls 2.
  • the fuel-air mixture is conducted to the combustion zone 9 and there ignited.
  • Serving for the starting is an ignitor 13 which is inserted into the combustion zone.
  • the fuel chamber is displaceably supported within a hydraulic cylinder 14 which is flange-mounted on the inlet conduit 7 of the combustion chamber. Adjacent a bearing 15 which supports the fuel chamber 1 about its circumference, a tubular support 16 which is fastened to the closure plate 4 is arranged on the fuel chamber 1, which axially traverses the hydraulic cylinder 14 and is guided in a support bearing 17. The support 16 projects beyond the closure plate 4 of the fuel chamber 1 and is conveyed through a cover member 18 on the outer end of the hydraulic cylinder 14.
  • the bearings 15 and 17 in the hydraulic cylinder include sealing rings 19 which seal an interspace 20 between the two bearings. Through a connector 21 on the hydraulic cylinder 14, with the aid of feed pump 22 there can be introduced liquid fuel into the inner space 20.
  • an adjustable support 23 for a spring 24 which serves as a counter-bearing for the support bearing 17.
  • liquid fuel acting as the hydraulic operating medium is conveyed into the inner space 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 14.
  • this saves an additional fuel conduit towards the fuel chamber 1 and leads to an extremely compct construction for the burner.
  • the fuel which is present in the inner space 20 flows through a fuel conduit 26 from the inner space 20 of the hydraulic cylinder into the inner space of the fuel chamber 1.
  • the fuel conduit 26, in this embodiment is constructed as a throttle bore in the closure plate 4 of the fuel chamber 1. Excess fuel which has not vaporized on the surface of the porous wall 2 of the fuel chamber 1 is conveyed away through a discharge conduit 28 from the inner space of the fuel chamber 1.
  • the tubular support holder 16 which is conducted within the inner space of the fuel chamber from the closure plate 4 until close to the closure plate 3 so as to cause an annular gap to remain through which the fuel can flow into the discharge conduit 28.
  • a flow regulating valve 29 located in the discharge conduit there is set the required liquid pressure in the fuel chamber 1.
  • the fuel can flow off from the inner space 20 through the fuel conduit 26 and from the fuel chamber 1 through the discharge conduit 28, so that the return setting of the chamber is not disturbed.
  • a circulation of fuel within the fuel chamber is also desired for the operation of the burner.
  • the fuel in this manner can be protected from overheating, which could lead to cracking.
  • the boiling temperature of the fuel may not be reached.
  • the fuel chamber 1 is located within the hydraulic cylinder 14.
  • a thermostat 27 measures the temperature in the heat exchanger 6 at the location of transition of the combustion air feed between the inlet conduit 7 and the space 5 and through a suitable switch (not shown) switches on the resistance heater 10.
  • a signal is emitted for the actuation of the feed pump 22 at a regulator (not shown).
  • the fuel which flows into the inner space 20 of the hydraulic cylinder presses the fuel chamber 1 into the combustion chamber and concurrently flows through the fuel conduit 26 into the inner space of the fuel chamber 1. A portion of the fuel passes through the porous walls 2 and vaporizes on the surface thereof. The remainder of the fuel flows through the discharge conduit 28 back into the supply tank controlled by the flow regulating valve 29.
  • Within the flow chamber 5 there is formed a stoichiometric fuel-air mixture which is ignited in the combustion zone 9.
  • the feed pump 22 is stopped and the fuel infeed blocked.
  • the liquid pressure drops off.
  • the fuel chamber 1 is pulled out from the flow chamber 5 by the force of the spring 24.
  • the flame in the combustion zone 9 is extinguished. In this manner not only are fuel losses reduced, but, in particular, no afterburning will occur.
  • the burner includes a fuel chamber 30 with porous walls 31 which are permeable to the fuel.
  • the fuel chamber 30 is cylindrically-shaped and covered with a closure plate 33 at the end surface thereof facing towards the combuston zone 32 of the burner.
  • the closure plate is mounted aligned on the cylindrical porous wall 31 of the fuel chamber 30 and evidences a smooth cylindrical surface at its outer rim.
  • the fuel chamber is illustrated in two of its positions.
  • the portion illustrated on the right-hand side of the symmetrical axis 34 of the fuel chamber illustrates the fuel chamber in its operative position; during the operation of the burner; the portion shown on the left-hand side illustrates the fuel chamber 30 in its inoperative position fully inserted into a hydraulic cylinder 35.
  • the fuel chamber 30 is fastened to a hydraulic piston 36 which is displacebly supported within the hydraulic cylinder 35 by means of liquid fuel.
  • the fuel is introduced under pressure at the fuel inlet 37 into the inner space 38 of the hydraulic cylinder 35 and acts on the hydraulic piston 36 on the end surface thereof away from the fuel chamber 30.
  • the hydraulic piston 36 is displaceably arranged in opposition to the force of a spring 40.
  • the hydraulic piston includes the piston rings 41 inserted into grooves, which seal the pressurized inner space 38 of the hydraulic cylinder 35 with regard to a hydraulic chamber 42 into which there is moved the fuel chamber 30 during its displacement.
  • a fuel conduit 43 leads through the hydraulic piston 36, which includes a throttle 44 and supplies the fuel chamber 30 with fuel. Excess fuel flows from the fuel chamber 30 through a discharge 45 having an outlet 46.
  • the discharge 45 is so fastened on the hydraulic cylinder 35 that no fuel can escape into the environment, and projects into a recess 47 of the hydraulic piston 36, which is slidably arranged on piston rings 48 on the discharge 45.
  • an overflow conduit 49 connects for fuel from the fuel chamber 30 entering into the hydraulic chamber.
  • the overflow conduit 49 additionally serves for the drawing off of fuel which enters due to leakages in the region of the piston rings 41 from the inner space 38 of the hydraulic cylinder 35 into the hydraulic chamber 42.
  • the fuel chamber 30 projects centrally within a combustion chamber 50 which is passed through by preheated combustion air, which in the illustrated embodiment is constructed as an annular space between the porous wall 31 of the fuel chamber 30 and the inner wall of a guide conduit 51.
  • the combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber 50 through an inlet conduit 52, which is attached to a recuperator 54 for the combustion air connected with the pipe connector 53.
  • the inlet conduit 52 encompasses the guide conduit 51 and concurrently forms the outer wall of the burner.
  • the combustion of the fuel-air mixture is effected in the combustion zone 32 within the guide conduit 51.
  • the guide conduit 51 and the recuperator 54 which is connected to the outlet of the combustion zone 32 are formed of ceramic. However, pursuant to the temperature generated in the combustion zone, they can also be constructed of metal.
  • the combustion air which is conveyed into the combustion chamber 50 is preheated by the combustion gases which have been heated in the combustion zone 32.
  • an electrical-resistance heater 55 which is mounted on the guide conduit 51 and which includes outwardly conducted electrical connectors 27, 28.
  • the combustion chamber 21 there vaporizes the fuel exiting from the fuel chamber 1 through the porous walls 2 in the preheated combustion air.
  • the fuel-air mixture is conducted to the combustion zone 3 and there ignited.
  • an igniter 29 which is inserted into the combustion zone.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
US06/249,704 1980-04-05 1981-03-31 Burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of a liquid fuel and combustion air Expired - Fee Related US4408984A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3013428A DE3013428C2 (de) 1980-04-05 1980-04-05 Brenner zur Ausbildung und Verbrennung eines zündfähigen Gemisches aus einem flüssigen Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft
DE3013428 1980-04-05
DE3047702 1980-12-18
DE3047702A DE3047702C2 (de) 1980-12-18 1980-12-18 Brenner zur Ausbildung und Verbrennung eines zündfähigen Gemisches aus flüssigem Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft

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US4408984A true US4408984A (en) 1983-10-11

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US06/249,704 Expired - Fee Related US4408984A (en) 1980-04-05 1981-03-31 Burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of a liquid fuel and combustion air

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Country Link
US (1) US4408984A (de)
EP (1) EP0037503B1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472133A (en) * 1982-11-24 1984-09-18 Danfoss A/S Method of operating a vapor burner for liquid fuel and vapor burner and control device for performing said method
US4515555A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-05-07 Danfoss A/S Vapor burner for liquid fuel
US4608944A (en) * 1984-02-17 1986-09-02 Neste Oy Ignition device for fluidized bed boiler
US4758153A (en) * 1985-07-26 1988-07-19 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Vaporizer for liquid fuel for producing a fuel-air mixture
US4775314A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-10-04 Shell Oil Company Coal gasification burner
US4798530A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-01-17 Sestrap Arvo M Nozzle assembly for hot air torch
US6162049A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-12-19 Gas Research Institute Premixed ionization modulated extendable burner
US20110088370A1 (en) * 2008-06-10 2011-04-21 Emeric Daniau Pulsed detonation engine
US10634046B2 (en) * 2016-02-09 2020-04-28 Finno Energy Oy Combustion chamber arrangement and system comprising said arrangement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US54243A (en) * 1866-04-24 Improved apparatus for burning tar
US1387450A (en) * 1920-07-17 1921-08-16 Henry C Caldwell Gas-burner
US2043597A (en) * 1932-07-02 1936-06-09 Jerome J Sloyan Heat generator
US3119439A (en) * 1959-09-17 1964-01-28 American Thermocatalytic Corp Mounting of combustion elements
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR445544A (fr) * 1912-06-28 1912-11-13 Bernard Mauvillier Système et appareil pour la carburation de l'air en vue de la production de force motrice et autres applications
US1999567A (en) * 1926-05-26 1935-04-30 Ken Crip Corp Carburetor
DE2912519C2 (de) * 1979-03-29 1984-03-15 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Brenner für flüssigen Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US54243A (en) * 1866-04-24 Improved apparatus for burning tar
US1387450A (en) * 1920-07-17 1921-08-16 Henry C Caldwell Gas-burner
US2043597A (en) * 1932-07-02 1936-06-09 Jerome J Sloyan Heat generator
US3119439A (en) * 1959-09-17 1964-01-28 American Thermocatalytic Corp Mounting of combustion elements
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472133A (en) * 1982-11-24 1984-09-18 Danfoss A/S Method of operating a vapor burner for liquid fuel and vapor burner and control device for performing said method
US4515555A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-05-07 Danfoss A/S Vapor burner for liquid fuel
US4608944A (en) * 1984-02-17 1986-09-02 Neste Oy Ignition device for fluidized bed boiler
US4775314A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-10-04 Shell Oil Company Coal gasification burner
US4758153A (en) * 1985-07-26 1988-07-19 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Vaporizer for liquid fuel for producing a fuel-air mixture
US4798530A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-01-17 Sestrap Arvo M Nozzle assembly for hot air torch
US6162049A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-12-19 Gas Research Institute Premixed ionization modulated extendable burner
US20110088370A1 (en) * 2008-06-10 2011-04-21 Emeric Daniau Pulsed detonation engine
US8813474B2 (en) * 2008-06-10 2014-08-26 Mbda France Pulsed detonation engine
US10634046B2 (en) * 2016-02-09 2020-04-28 Finno Energy Oy Combustion chamber arrangement and system comprising said arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0037503B1 (de) 1984-06-20
EP0037503A3 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0037503A2 (de) 1981-10-14

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