US421163A - Vac u u m - evapo rato r - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets Sheet l; W. H. GOLLINCTS.

VACUUM ]E'.VAPORAIORl No. 421,163. Patented Feb. 11,18%.

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(No Model.) v2 Sheets-*Sheet 2. W. H. GOLLINGS'.

VACUUM EVAPORATOB..

No. 421.163. Patented Feb. 11.18930.v

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

VVILLAM ll. COLLINGS, OF COLLNGSVVOOD, NEV JERSEY.

VACU u |v| vAPo RATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 421,163, dated February 11, 1890. Application filed January 24, 1889. Serial No. 297,402. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern,.- A

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. OoLLINGs, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Collingswood, Camden county, New J ersey, have invented certain Improvements in VacuumFvaporators, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to so construct a vacuunrevaporator as topresent an extremely large heating-surface to the liquid to be evaporated, to insure a uniformv and steady flow of the liquid in thin films over the evaporating-surfaces, and to provide for the ready insertion or removal of any one of the elements of the evaporating-surface when required.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section ot a vacuumevaporator constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, partly in section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of part of the apparatus, and Fig. Il is a diagram showing a series of my improved evaporators arranged for working in accordance with what is known as the triple-effect system,

A is the casing of the evaporator, which is preferably rectangular in crosssection, and has opposite chambered ends A', provided with suitable removable caps or covers a., and on the top of the casing isa cap or cover h, inclosing a chamber b.

Contained in the evaporatin g-ch amber withinthe casingA is a series of vertical rows of longitudinal tubes B, diamondshaped in cross-section and having at each end threaded stems or pipes which terminate in the chambered ends of the casing, each stem being screwed into a Vthreaded opening in the end ofthe tube and being coniined to the end plate A of the casing by means of lock-nuts f, one on each side of the end plateA One ot the chambered heads of the casing is the iulet-head, and receives steam from any convenient generator, and the other is the discharge-head, and the stems d, -which communicate with the inlethead, are at the upper portions ofthe tubes B, while the stems d, which communicate with the discharge-head, are at the lower portions of the tubes, so that the water of condensation will bo thoroughly drained from the latter.

By means of the detachable stems d the removal or application of a tube can be readily accomplished, all that is necessary being to withdraw the screw-stems from the ends of the tube, so that the latteris released and can be removed, a new tube being inserted in its place and secured in position by again screwing up the stems.

The tubes being arranged in a series otparallel vertical rows, it is advisable, in order to economize space and insure the presentation of the maximum evaporating-surface for the space occupied, that the horizontal centers of the tubes of one row should be arranged midway between the centers of the tubes in the adjoining rows, shown in Fig. 2, so that the tubes may be placed very closely together.

The inner plate of the chambered top ofthe casing has above each vertical row of tubes a longitudinal Arow of nipples g, projecting some distance above said bottom plate, so that the liquid to be evaporated on being fed into the upper chamber will spread over the bottoni of the same until it reaches the level of the mouths of the nipples, and will then flow down through the same and onto the vertical rows of tubes in the evaporating-` chamber, The liquid consequently iiows over the inclined surfaces of these tubes in a thin film, which is the form best calculated to in-4 sure a rapid evaporating effect, the diamond shape ot' each pipe insuring the presentation of an extremely large evaporatingrsurface, and the stream dropping from pipe to pipe of the row, so that in passing through the apparatus it will Colne in contact with every part of the heated surface exposed therein. The

evaporated liquid passes from the bottom of the casing through a suitable stand-pipe, in which acolumn of liquid is maintained by reason of the vacuum maintained in the evaporatingchainber.

The vapor due to the evapora-tion ot' the liquid is collected in a transverse chamber h at one side or at each side of the casing A, this chamber communicating through a pipe e' with any available vacuunrprodu cing mechanism. lVhere the apparatus is to be used in a compoundfeffect system, however, steam is used only for heating the tirst evaporator of the set, and the last evaporator only of the IOO set is in communication with the exhauster, the vapor from the iirst evaporator taking the place of the steam as a means of heating the tubes B in the second evaporator, andthe vapor from the latter serving to heat the tubes B in the third evaporator. l

An instance of a construction adapted for use either as a single or l multiple eiect apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 4.

I do not claim as my invention the feeding device which I have shown, consisting of a horizontal distributing chamber and feedtubes for conveying the liquid to the evaporatingtubes and opening into the distributing-chamber at a short distance above the AHoor ofthe same and at approximately the same elevation, nor do I limit myself to this particular form of feeding device; but

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, in an evaporator, of the casing with its steam receiving and discharge heads, rows of heating-tubes diamondshaped in crosssection and extending across the evaporatiiig-chamber, and a feed-chamber having openings for discharging the liquid `of the tubes of ad joining rows, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of the casing of the evap orator having opposite steam receiving` and discharge heads, the heating-tubes, and tub ular stems screwed into the ends of said tubes and projecting through openings in the inner walls of said steam receiving and discharge heads and having nuts on opposite sides of said walls, whereby they are secured thereto, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VILLIAM II. COLLINGS. iVitnesses:

WILLIAM D. CoNNnR, HARRY SMITH.

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