Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
  • A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
  • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S131/00—Tobacco
  • Y10S131/903—Fixing the product after puffing

Definitions

• a fire hazard may exist in some forced air units currently employed to reorder tobacco material. This is due to the fact that occasionally burning or smoldering material is introduced into the reordering unit as a result of the design of the expansion unit employed. The forced air blowing through the filler fans these particles into flame. This can result in long down times for the unit, as well as lost product.
• expanded tobacco material is rehumidified by spraying with a fine water mist, the average droplet size of which is less than 120 microns in diameter, and preferably 20-60 microns.
• the process may be effected in a flighted rotary cylinder at ordinary temperatures in about 1 to 4 minutes.
• This invention relates to a means for reordering tobacco rapidly and without damage to the shreds.
• the process comprises contacting relatively dry tobacco which has been subjected to an expansion treatment, with a fine water spray, the droplets of which are of specific, controlled size.
• the tobacco which has been subjected to an expansion treatment is treated with a water fog or mist characterized by an average droplet size of less than about 120 microns diameter, and preferably 20 to 60 microns diameter.
• the output of an expansion treatment contains less than 6% moisture content measured as oven volatiles (OV) as hereinafter defined, but may contain from less than 1% to the normal 12% moisture content.
• OV oven volatiles
• Sonic atomization utilizes the energy in sound waves to break up particles. Compressed air passing through the convergent-divergent inner bore of a nozzle creates a high frequency pressure wave in a resonator. The energy waves are reinforced by shock waves that radiate from the resonator; an intense energy field is built up between the nozzle exit and the resonator. Water pumped or sucked into this field is atomized uniformly into fine droplets having low forward velocity. Typical particle sizes are 10 to 25 microns. Suitable sonic generators include the "Sonicore" atomizers.
• Ultrasonic aerosol generation can produce particles from 20 microns or larger to less than 1 micron.
• the principle is periodic excitation of a body of water by an acoustical wave to form standing waves on the surface, which become unstable and discharge droplets.
• These generators are generally more expensive than the other two discussed.
• nonpneumatic generators such as the sonic or ultrasonic type, an air flow or the like is required to carry the mist away from the generator and prevent agglomeration of water particles on the expanded tobacco.
• Expanded tobacco may be treated with the requisite water spray by feeding the tobacco into a chamber in a layer and directly spraying the layer, commonly at 30°-50° C. above ambient.
• a suitable treating chamber for practicing the present method is a rotary cylinder.
• One with lifting flights is preferable to provide for good, uniform exposure and steady conveyance of tobacco shreds through the chamber.
• the cylinder may be equipped with atomizing spray heads or other suitable means of delivering a spray mist with particles in the range of 1 to 120 microns.
• the amount of water added in practicing the present reordering method is dependent on the moisture of the input tobacco material, the desired final product moisture, which is generally between about 9 to 14%, and the percent retention of added water as determined from previous operating experience or by using suitable moisture measuring devices.
• the necessary period of exposure to the water spray and the rate of water discharge to achieve a desired moisture content can be determined by simple calibration runs.
• the rate of spray application is generally set to bring the delivery to about 5 to 50% more than is calculated as necessary to bring the tobacco to the desired moisture level.
• the present rapid reordering process produces moisture levels in expanded material in 1 to 4 minutes that are equivalent to those reached in 18 to 24 hours in a humidity-controlled cabinet or in the commercially-used treating chamber in 24 to 60 minutes with only slight or no sacrifice in bulk volume (0 to 3 units) measured as CV.
• Expanded tobacco material reordered in accordance with the present method exhibits very little difference in breakage as measured by distribution among sizes in standard sieve tests before and after treatment by different methods.
• the resultant filler exhibits no significant differences from commercial blends in terms of smoking, firmness and chemical properties.
• the advantages of the present invention include reduction in processing time, supplies and smaller equipment used in processing, elimination of costly air handling and conditioning equipment, and more uniformity in the resulting product.
• Another advantage of the present invention is the ability of the reordering machine to eliminate the fire hazard that may exist in the currently-used forced-air units. By means of the water spray burning particles received in the reordering unit from the expansion system are quenched.
• the present reordering system overcomes the problems of long down time, and lost products which can result from fires encountered in some reordering procedures.
• % moisture may be considered equivalent to oven volatiles (OV) since not more than about 0.9% of the tobacco weight is volatiles other than water.
• Oven volatiles determination is a simple measurement of weight loss on exposure in a circulating air oven for three hours at 100° C.
• Cylinder Volume is determined as follows: Tobacco filler weighing 10.000 g is placed in a 3.358-cm diameter cylinder, vibrated for 30 seconds on a "Syntron” vibrator, and compressed by a 1875-g piston 3.335-cm in diameter for 5 minutes and the resulting volume of filler is reported as cylinder volume. This test is carried out at standard environmental conditions of 23.9° C. and 60% RH; conventionally unless otherwise stated, the sample is preconditioned in this environment for 18 hours. This value depends on the moisture content (OV). In order to bring slightly different OV materials to a comparable basis, the CV value may be adjusted to some specified oven-volatile content, according to the following formula:
• Corrected CV or CCV CV+F(OV-OV s ) where OV s is the specified OV and F is a correction factor (volume per %) predetermined for the particular type of tobacco filler being dealt with.
• CV and CCV are expressed in cc/10 grams. The method for cylinder volume measurement is described in Wakeham et al., "Filling Volume of Cut Tobacco and Cigarette Hardness," Tobacco Science, Volume XX, pages 157-160 (1976), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• CV values herein have been arbitrarily corrected to a common basis of 11.0% OV. This is done by applying a predetermined correction factor of 7.5 per percent OV as follows:
• Unexpanded product would, of course, be uncorrected or corrected to a higher OV level appropriate to untreated tobacco.
• Example 2 Using the 40 micron spray setting as in Example 1, another series of tests were conducted in which the amount of water added to dry expanded filler was varied from 8 to 61% by weight. Filling power (CV) measurements were taken of the moisturized filler and of the same filler sample re-equilibrated at 21° C. and 60% RH for 18 hours. The results of these tests are set forth below:
• the second was a drier type reordering unit operated in parallel with the spray mist system.
• a Proctor & Schwartz reordering apparatus supplied air at 68% RH and 24° C.
• a five hour comparison test was run on freshly expanded tobacco filler as received from the vertical expansion tower at 3.9% OV.
• Table 1 gives comparative results for the two methods of reordering with respect to product characterization, sieve analysis, and standard deviations. The results indicate that the process of the invention shows less variability than the conventional process used for comparison.
• Cigarette filler blend has been expanded by the method disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 441,767 and was fed directly from the expansion unit output at less than 3% OV into one of three reordering units.
• the first was a conventional drier supplied with air at 24° C./60% r.h. flowing at 100 feet/second as previously used for the reordering process.
• the second was a conditioning cabinet supplied with air at 60% r.h. and 21° C. over the material spread in trays at a depth of 4 inches.
• the third was a rotary cylinder prepared for practice of the present invention with 12 longitudinal 8-inch high straight flights to tumble and distribute the filler; 18 water-atomizing nozzles, model 1/4 J (Spraying Systems Company), were installed at 1-foot intervals along a line 15 inches from the center line of the cylinder and operated at 40 psig water/40 psig air to produce an average droplet size of 40 microns.
• the water discharge rate was 500 pounds/hour and the residence time for product being treated was one minute by prior calibration.
• Three operating periods were followed as Tests I, II, and III. Table II compares CV values and Table III indicates sieve analysis results.
• Freshly expanded tobacco filler from the expansion tower having 3.5% OV was fed directly into one of two reordering units.
• the first was a conventional drier unit as in Example 3.
• the second was a rotary cylinder as used in Example 4, in which the first six nozzles were adjusted to supply 40% of the water in order to quickly raise the moisture level.
• the expanded filler throughput was set at 4,400 lbs/hour, the cylinder was operated at 6 rpm's and the average droplet size was 40 microns. The results of these tests are shown in Table IV.

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• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

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Cited By (16)

Citations (5)

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• 1978
  • 1978-10-27 US US05/955,359 patent/US4202357A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1979
  • 1979-10-17 GB GB7936029A patent/GB2033208B/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-24 FR FR7926377A patent/FR2439555A1/fr active Granted
  • 1979-10-25 BE BE0/197825A patent/BE879637A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-10-26 BR BR7906964A patent/BR7906964A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-10-26 AR AR278651A patent/AR224377A1/es active
  • 1979-10-26 CA CA000338498A patent/CA1121688A/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-26 AU AU52230/79A patent/AU528512B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1979-10-26 FI FI793365A patent/FI793365A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-10-26 JP JP54138607A patent/JPS585028B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-26 CH CH963979A patent/CH640707A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-10-26 NL NL7907904A patent/NL7907904A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-10-26 DE DE2943373A patent/DE2943373C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-26 IT IT7950678A patent/IT1164745B/it active

Patent Citations (5)

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