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US4069671A - Stirling engine combustion assembly - Google Patents

Stirling engine combustion assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US4069671A
US4069671A US05/702,092 US70209276A US4069671A US 4069671 A US4069671 A US 4069671A US 70209276 A US70209276 A US 70209276A US 4069671 A US4069671 A US 4069671A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heater
regenerator
cylinders
burner unit
hot gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/702,092
Inventor
John Osvald Berntell
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United Stirling AB and Co
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United Stirling AB and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by United Stirling AB and Co filed Critical United Stirling AB and Co
Priority to US05/702,092 priority Critical patent/US4069671A/en
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Publication of US4069671A publication Critical patent/US4069671A/en
Assigned to UNITED STIRLING AB., A CORP. OF SWEDEN reassignment UNITED STIRLING AB., A CORP. OF SWEDEN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KOMMANDIT BOLAGET UNITED STIRLING (SWEDEN) AB & CO.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/02—Single-acting two piston engines
    • F02G2244/06—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type
    • F02G2244/10—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type having cylinders in V-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/50—Crosshead guiding pistons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a double-acting multi-cylinder Stirling-cycle hot gas engine of the kind (herein called “the kind defined”) comprising a heater head in which is a single combustion chamber for heating a plurality of heater pipes connecting the hot expansion chambers of the cylinders to the regenerators of respective regenerator-cooler units.
  • the combustion chamber is provided with a single burner unit, which is most conveniently co-axial with the heater head.
  • regenerator-cooler units mounted either between the cylinders at approximately the same radial distance as the cylinders from the central axis of the heater head or mounted at a greater radial distance than the cylinders from the said central axis.
  • heat is supplied through the walls of the heater pipes of the heater head to charges of working gas each passing to-and-fro between a hot expansion space and a cool compression space through the repective heater pipes and the respective regenerator-cooler units.
  • the heated working gas will give off heat to the regenerator. Said heat is stored in the regenerator and returned to the working gas when the latter has reversed its direction.
  • a hot gas engine of the kind defined is characterised in that the regenerator-cooler units are clustered around a central axis of the heater head, and the expansion chambers of the cylinders are located at greater radial distances than the regenerators from the said axis.
  • the heater pipes have portions which extend approximately radially outwards with respect to the said axis from the regenerators.
  • the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards are substantially coplanar with each other.
  • burner unit which is located at the part of the combustion chamber opposite to the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards, the burner unit being arranged to direct combustion gases towards the said pipe portions.
  • the cylinders are disposed in V-configuration and the pistons therein are connected to a common crank-shaft, and the burner unit is arranged to direct hot combustion product towards the crank-shaft axis.
  • regenerator-cooler units are mounted in a common housing.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a vertical section of a Stirling cycle hot gas engine according to the invention, the said section being taken along the line I--I of FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows connections between the cylinders and regenerators as viewed from above.
  • the illustrated engine comprises four cylinders 1-4 in each of which reciprocates a piston 5 connected to a crank-shaft 6 via a respective piston rod 7, a respective cross-head 8, and a respective connecting rod 9.
  • the piston 5 of the cylinder 1 divides the interior of the cylinder 1 into an upper hot expansion space 10 and a lower cool compression space 11.
  • Heater pipes 12 are connected to the upper space 10 of the cylinder 1 via a manifold 13, and connect the upper space 10 with the top of a regenerator 14.
  • Other heater pipes 12 connect the upper end of the cylinder 2 with a regenerator 15, the cylinder 3 with a regenerator 16, and the cylinder 4 with a regenerator 17.
  • the four regenerators 14 - 17 are shaped as segments of cylinders and are mounted so that they are clustered around a central axis of a heater head in which is a single combustion chamber.
  • the regenerators, each with a respective cooler 18, are located centrally relative to the cylinders 1-4, which are disposed to form a V-engine.
  • the pipes 12 extend outwardly from the regenerators, without need of manifolds at their inner ends connected to the regenerators.
  • Each regenerator 14 - 17 is at the top of the regenerator-cooler unit comprising the respective cooler 18, and the gas from the coolers may pass into the respective lower spaces 11 under the pistons 5.
  • Air for combustion is blown (by means not shown) into a chamber 19 at the top of the heater head of the engine and flows into a heat-exchanger 20, as indicated by arrows 21.
  • the air is preheated by a flow of hot exhaust gases (shown by arrows 22) and the preheated air is used for combustion with fuel supplied to a burner 23.
  • the hot combustion products and radiated flame heat will give off heat to the pipes 12 and leave the engine via the preheater as shown by the arrows 22.
  • regenerators 14 - 17 shown as individual units in FIG. 2 may be arranged in a common housing 24 as shown in FIG. 1, but within said housing 24 the working gas must flow separately in each regenerator.
  • the illustrated engine is of the kind defined and there are four separate charges of working gas, of which one flows to-and-fro between the space 10 of the cylinder 1 and the space 11 of the clyinder 2 via pipes 12 and manifold 13 and regenerator 14 and a cooler 18, and the other three charges flow analogously.
  • FIG. 2 shows only two of the heater pipes 12 which extend from the manifold at the top of the cylinder 2 to the top of the regenerator 15. For the sake of clarity all the other numerous heater pipes are omitted from FIG. 2, and likwise only two heater pipes are shown in FIG. 1.
  • the expansion chamber 10 the the cylinders 1-4 are located at greater radial distances than the regenerators 14-17 from the said axis, and the heater pipes 12 have portions which extend approximately radially outwards with repect to the said axis from the regenerators 14-17.
  • Those heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards are substantially co-planar with each other, and there is a single burner unit 23 which is located at the part of the combustion chamber opposite to the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards, the burner unit 23 being arranged to direct combustion gases towards the said pipe portions.
  • the cylinders 1-4 are disposed in V-configuration and the pistons therein are connected to a common crank-shaft 6 and the burner unit 23 is arranged to direct hot combustion products toward the crank-shaft axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

In a double-acting multi-cylinder V-configuration Stirling cycle engine having a single burner unit, the regenerator-cooler units are clustered around a central axis of the heater head with radially extending heater pipes to keep manifold volumes small and temperatures on the heater pipes high.

Description

This invention relates to a double-acting multi-cylinder Stirling-cycle hot gas engine of the kind (herein called "the kind defined") comprising a heater head in which is a single combustion chamber for heating a plurality of heater pipes connecting the hot expansion chambers of the cylinders to the regenerators of respective regenerator-cooler units. Usually the combustion chamber is provided with a single burner unit, which is most conveniently co-axial with the heater head.
It is known to construct engines of the kind defined with the regenerator-cooler units mounted either between the cylinders at approximately the same radial distance as the cylinders from the central axis of the heater head or mounted at a greater radial distance than the cylinders from the said central axis.
In Stirling cycle hot gas engines heat is supplied through the walls of the heater pipes of the heater head to charges of working gas each passing to-and-fro between a hot expansion space and a cool compression space through the repective heater pipes and the respective regenerator-cooler units. During gas flow in the direction from the heater head to the cooler the heated working gas will give off heat to the regenerator. Said heat is stored in the regenerator and returned to the working gas when the latter has reversed its direction.
In order to obtain a high efficiency it is important that "dead-volumes" such as manifolds are kept as small as possible and that the regenerator top and the adjacent parts of the heater pipes are located at places in the combustion chamber where high temperatures prevail.
According to the present invention a hot gas engine of the kind defined is characterised in that the regenerator-cooler units are clustered around a central axis of the heater head, and the expansion chambers of the cylinders are located at greater radial distances than the regenerators from the said axis.
Preferably the heater pipes have portions which extend approximately radially outwards with respect to the said axis from the regenerators.
In a compact construction the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards are substantially coplanar with each other.
Advantageously there is a single burner unit which is located at the part of the combustion chamber opposite to the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards, the burner unit being arranged to direct combustion gases towards the said pipe portions.
In a preferred engine the cylinders are disposed in V-configuration and the pistons therein are connected to a common crank-shaft, and the burner unit is arranged to direct hot combustion product towards the crank-shaft axis.
It is convenient if the regenerator-cooler units are mounted in a common housing.
How the invention may be put into practice is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
FIG. 1 schematically shows a vertical section of a Stirling cycle hot gas engine according to the invention, the said section being taken along the line I--I of FIG. 2, and
FIG. 2 schematically shows connections between the cylinders and regenerators as viewed from above.
The illustrated engine comprises four cylinders 1-4 in each of which reciprocates a piston 5 connected to a crank-shaft 6 via a respective piston rod 7, a respective cross-head 8, and a respective connecting rod 9. The piston 5 of the cylinder 1 divides the interior of the cylinder 1 into an upper hot expansion space 10 and a lower cool compression space 11.
Heater pipes 12 are connected to the upper space 10 of the cylinder 1 via a manifold 13, and connect the upper space 10 with the top of a regenerator 14. Other heater pipes 12 connect the upper end of the cylinder 2 with a regenerator 15, the cylinder 3 with a regenerator 16, and the cylinder 4 with a regenerator 17.
The four regenerators 14 - 17 are shaped as segments of cylinders and are mounted so that they are clustered around a central axis of a heater head in which is a single combustion chamber. Thus the regenerators, each with a respective cooler 18, are located centrally relative to the cylinders 1-4, which are disposed to form a V-engine. The pipes 12 extend outwardly from the regenerators, without need of manifolds at their inner ends connected to the regenerators.
Each regenerator 14 - 17 is at the top of the regenerator-cooler unit comprising the respective cooler 18, and the gas from the coolers may pass into the respective lower spaces 11 under the pistons 5.
Air for combustion is blown (by means not shown) into a chamber 19 at the top of the heater head of the engine and flows into a heat-exchanger 20, as indicated by arrows 21. Here the air is preheated by a flow of hot exhaust gases (shown by arrows 22) and the preheated air is used for combustion with fuel supplied to a burner 23. The hot combustion products and radiated flame heat will give off heat to the pipes 12 and leave the engine via the preheater as shown by the arrows 22.
The regenerators 14 - 17 shown as individual units in FIG. 2 may be arranged in a common housing 24 as shown in FIG. 1, but within said housing 24 the working gas must flow separately in each regenerator.
It will be understood that the illustrated engine is of the kind defined and there are four separate charges of working gas, of which one flows to-and-fro between the space 10 of the cylinder 1 and the space 11 of the clyinder 2 via pipes 12 and manifold 13 and regenerator 14 and a cooler 18, and the other three charges flow analogously.
FIG. 2 shows only two of the heater pipes 12 which extend from the manifold at the top of the cylinder 2 to the top of the regenerator 15. For the sake of clarity all the other numerous heater pipes are omitted from FIG. 2, and likwise only two heater pipes are shown in FIG. 1.
As shown the expansion chamber 10 the the cylinders 1-4 are located at greater radial distances than the regenerators 14-17 from the said axis, and the heater pipes 12 have portions which extend approximately radially outwards with repect to the said axis from the regenerators 14-17. Those heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards are substantially co-planar with each other, and there is a single burner unit 23 which is located at the part of the combustion chamber opposite to the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards, the burner unit 23 being arranged to direct combustion gases towards the said pipe portions.
The cylinders 1-4 are disposed in V-configuration and the pistons therein are connected to a common crank-shaft 6 and the burner unit 23 is arranged to direct hot combustion products toward the crank-shaft axis.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A multiple-cylinder double-acting hot gas engine having a single burner unit having a plurality of regenerator-cooler units interconnected with respective ones of said cylinders by heater pipes wherein the burner unit has a heater head disposed about a central axis to direct combustion gases toward said heater pipes, wherein said cylinders are disposed about said central axis with said regenerator-cooler units clustered around said central axis inside said cylinders, and wherein the regenerator-cooler units are mounted in a common housing.
2. A hot gas engine according to claim 1, wherein the heater pipes have portions which extend approximately radially outwards with respect to the said axis from the regenerators.
3. A hot gas engine according to claim 2, wherein the heater pipe portions which extend approximately radially outwards are substantially co-planar with each other.
4. A hot gas engine according to claim 1, wherein the cylinders are disposed in V-configuration and the pistons therein are connected to a common crank-shaft, and the burner unit is arranged to direct hot combustion products towards the crank-shaft axis.
US05/702,092 1976-07-02 1976-07-02 Stirling engine combustion assembly Expired - Lifetime US4069671A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4352269A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-10-05 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Stirling engine combustor
US4417443A (en) * 1981-08-13 1983-11-29 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) A.B. & Co. Multi-cylinder, double-acting hot gas engine
US4422291A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-12-27 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Hot gas engine heater head
WO1985005149A1 (en) * 1984-05-01 1985-11-21 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Multi-cylinder hot gas engine
US4723411A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-02-09 Rca Corporation Power conversion system utilizing multiple stirling engine modules
WO1999040309A1 (en) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-12 Whisper Tech Limited Improvements in a stirling engine burner
EP1375891A1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2004-01-02 New Power Concepts LLC Intake manifold for a stirling engine
WO2005083255A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-09 Jong-Yub Sa Rotary type stirling engine
US20110025055A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2011-02-03 Stephen Michael Hasko Domestic combined heat and power generation system
EP1624176A4 (en) * 2003-05-13 2012-05-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Multi-stage stirling engine
JP2014517192A (en) * 2011-05-11 2014-07-17 イノベーティブ テクノロジカル システムズ エス．アール．エル． External combustion engine
DE102016206281A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Mahle International Gmbh Heater head for a hot gas engine
WO2018206412A1 (en) 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Frauscher Holding Gmbh Hot gas engine having a step piston
NO20220661A1 (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-11 Hoeeg Arne Stirling machine configuration

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863452A (en) * 1972-09-22 1975-02-04 Philips Corp Hot-gas engine heater
US3890785A (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-06-24 United Stirling Ab & Co Stirling cycle engine with common heat exchanger housing
US3940934A (en) * 1971-09-20 1976-03-02 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. Stirling engines
US3991457A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-16 Ford Motor Company Heater tube arrangements

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940934A (en) * 1971-09-20 1976-03-02 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. Stirling engines
US3890785A (en) * 1972-02-19 1975-06-24 United Stirling Ab & Co Stirling cycle engine with common heat exchanger housing
US3863452A (en) * 1972-09-22 1975-02-04 Philips Corp Hot-gas engine heater
US3991457A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-16 Ford Motor Company Heater tube arrangements

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4352269A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-10-05 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Stirling engine combustor
US4417443A (en) * 1981-08-13 1983-11-29 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) A.B. & Co. Multi-cylinder, double-acting hot gas engine
US4422291A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-12-27 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Hot gas engine heater head
WO1985005149A1 (en) * 1984-05-01 1985-11-21 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Multi-cylinder hot gas engine
US4723411A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-02-09 Rca Corporation Power conversion system utilizing multiple stirling engine modules
EP1375891A1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2004-01-02 New Power Concepts LLC Intake manifold for a stirling engine
US6220030B1 (en) * 1998-02-05 2001-04-24 Whisper Tech Limited Stirling engine burner
AU741545B2 (en) * 1998-02-05 2001-12-06 Whisper Tech Limited Improvements in a stirling engine burner
CN1107796C (en) * 1998-02-05 2003-05-07 惠斯珀技术有限公司 Improvements in stirling engine burner
RU2224133C2 (en) * 1998-02-05 2004-02-20 Виспер Тек Лимитед Improved nozzle of stirling engine
WO1999040309A1 (en) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-12 Whisper Tech Limited Improvements in a stirling engine burner
EP1624176A4 (en) * 2003-05-13 2012-05-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Multi-stage stirling engine
WO2005083255A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-09 Jong-Yub Sa Rotary type stirling engine
US20110025055A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2011-02-03 Stephen Michael Hasko Domestic combined heat and power generation system
JP2014517192A (en) * 2011-05-11 2014-07-17 イノベーティブ テクノロジカル システムズ エス．アール．エル． External combustion engine
US9790791B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2017-10-17 Innovative Technological Systems S.R.L. External combustion engine
DE102016206281A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Mahle International Gmbh Heater head for a hot gas engine
WO2018206412A1 (en) 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Frauscher Holding Gmbh Hot gas engine having a step piston
DE102017109967B4 (en) 2017-05-09 2018-11-29 Frauscher Holding Gmbh STIRLING MACHINE WITH STAGE PISTON
DE102017109967B9 (en) 2017-05-09 2020-05-07 Frauscher Holding Gmbh STIRLING MACHINE WITH STEPPING PISTON
US11215139B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2022-01-04 Frauscher Holding Gmbh Hot gas engine having a step piston
US11725607B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2023-08-15 Frauscher Holding Gmbh Hot air engine having a step piston
EP4273393A2 (en) 2017-05-09 2023-11-08 Frauscher Holding GmbH Hot gas engine having a step piston
NO20220661A1 (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-11 Hoeeg Arne Stirling machine configuration
WO2023239242A1 (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 Hoeeg Arne Stirling machine configuration

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AS Assignment

Owner name: UNITED STIRLING AB., BOX 856 S-201 80 MALMO, SWEDE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KOMMANDIT BOLAGET UNITED STIRLING (SWEDEN) AB & CO.;REEL/FRAME:004106/0501

Effective date: 19821027