US406819A - And hugh mckay - Google Patents

Description

Af-Patented July 9, 1889l APPARATUS FOR THE MANUPACTURB OP GAS.

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J. M 0R BLOW. APPARATUS POR THB A UFAGTURE 0F GAS.

No. 406,819. Patented July 49. `17889.

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UNITED STATES i PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN MORI'IOHLOW, OF BEAVER FALLs, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIeNoR OF ONE-HALF To ERAsfrUs T. ROBERTS, OF rII'rUsvILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, AND HUGH McKAv, OF LONDON, oANAD-A.

APPARATUS `FOR THE MANUFACTURE oF GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters 'Patent No. 406,819, dated July 9, 1889.

Application tied June 9,1887. serial 110.240.743. (Nomaden l To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. CRLTCHLOW, of Beaver Falls, in Vthe county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gas; and I do hereby de- Clare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to an improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of gas.

It consists in combining with a water-gas Vproducer or cupola a retort for the production of hydrocarbon gas by distillation in. vsuch Way that the waste product from the water-gas producer shall supply the necessary heat to drive the retort, and that the distilled coal from the retort may be used either in whole or in part to supply the carbonaceous charge for the water-gas producer, together with means for the production of water-gas from the charge in the retort, and for cooling` said charge after its volatile gases have been expelled and While it is still incandescent by passing steam through it, and in several other particulars hereinafter noted. In this way I am enabled to make both water-gas and hydrocarbon gas very economically, utilizing as much as possible the carbon elements of thel coal in the production of the gas and wasting as little as possible in the shape of fuel.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a plan View of a gas-producing plant embodying the principles of my invention, drawn in section on t-he line fr. of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, on the line y y of Fig. 1. Fig'. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the line z z of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section on the line iu w of Fig. 1.

Like symbols Of reference in dicate like parts in each.

In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, 2 2 are anumber of coal-distilliug retorts, made of iron or other refractory material and inclosed Within a brick chamber or iiue 3. Each retort has a charging-hole 4 at the top, a hole 5 at the bottom provided with drop-doors 5* for drawing the charge, and a gas pipe or Outlet 6 for conveying away the gases produced in the retort. Beneath each retort is a tunnel or vault 7, by which access Vis had to the drawing-hole 5. Around the outside of the chamber 3 are a number of cupolas or gas-producers S, which are preferably built partly inside the chambei' 3 and are separated therefrom by the reentrant walls of the chamber, which shield the cupolas from the direct internal heat ofthe chamber. At the base of each cupola is an ordinary ash-door 9. .At the top is a charginghole 2O and an exit-pipe 21, (having a valve 23,) and at the sides are holes through which branch air-pipes 10 and 11, connected with a main air-blast pipe 12, enter the cupola. 'llhe pipes 10 and 11 .have valves 13. One pipe enters at the base and the other at the top of the cupola. As shown in Fig. 4 each cupola has a discharge pipe or flue 14, which opens into the chamber 3, and is provided with a damper or Valve 15, wherebyit may be closed from the outside of the'chamber 3. Steam-pipes 17 enter the several cupolas S, and are provided with valves.

The operation of 4the plant is as follows: The cupolas 8 are charged with coal or coke, and after it is fired the air-blast is turned on through the pipes 10 and 11, and the cupolas are thus driven until the coal therein reaches a state of incaudescence. During this operation the waste heat and partially-consumed gases from the producer, mixing with the air from the pipe 10, pass through the flues 14 iu a iiame into the chamber `3, and circulate around the retorts 2, finally escaping through l stack-lines 19 at the ends of the chamber. The retorts 2 are charged with coal, and the heat communicated to them drives off the vaporizablematter in the coal by distillation,

and convert-sit into hydrocarbon gas, which passes out through the pipes 6 to the hydraulic main. When theV cupolas have been used long enough to raisetheir contents to an incandescent state, the air-blasts are cut off, the discharge-fines 14 are closed, and steam is admitted into Athe cupolas through theY pipes 17. This steam passing through the body of incandescent fuel is decomposed and converted into water-gas, (the valves 23 closed,)

(hydrogen and carbonio oXide,) which is led off through the pipes 21 to a reservoir, or otherwise utilized. Vhen the cupolas have been used long enough to chill the contained fuel, so that it does not produce Water-gas, the valves 23 are closed, the dampers 15 opened, and the air-blasts are turned on until the coal is again brought to an incandescent state, (the waste heat and burning gases meanwhile passing into the chamber 3,) and the dampers 15Vare then closed, the steam turned on and water-gas produced as before. By alternating the firing of the several cupolas 3 some of them may be kept always producing water-gas, (the valves 23 c1osed,) and others discharging Vtheir waste heat into the chamber or iue 3, so that the heat in the chamber may be kept constant.

NVhen the coal in any of the retorts 2 has been completely gasified and the coal therein made thoroughly incandescent, steam-pipes 22 at the bottom of these retorts may be caused to emit steam into them, and the steam being converted into water-gas (the valves 23 closed) during its passagev through the retorts is led off through the pipes 6 to Y reservoirs or otherwise utilized. WVhen the VVVor in part the fuel necessaryY for the producers. In this way I utilize most completely the heat elements of the coal and produce gas economically and with very simple apparatus. The introduction of the hot coke into the producer also aids materially in the production of the gas.

I do not desire to limit myself to the precise arrangement ot' the plant which I show and describe, since it may be modied by the skilled builder. For example, the producers and retorts may be separated from each other by some distance, in which case the air-adits 10, which are for the purpose of supplying air to complete the combustion of the already partly-burned gases from the producer, may be made directly in the chamber 3 instead of being inthe cupola. I show this vat b in Fig. '5

1,l where the air-pipe is led through the wall of the chamber. The chamber 3 may also be changed in form, its purpose being simply to serve as a flue to conductthe heat around the retorts.

The prominent features of my invention are: The production of water-gas by passing steam through the retorts after the gases have been distilled, whereby the necessary cooling of the charge in the producer is utilized to produce a valuable gas; also in placing an airsupply either in the producer or in the ue, whereby air is mixed with the waste gases to produce a more perfect combustion around the retorts; also in the arrangement of the retorts in a ilue common to all the retorts.

I therefore claiml. The combination, with two or more water-gas generators having a common wasteproduct flue, of a coal-distilling retort arranged in said Waste-product iiue, so as to be heated by the waste products from the watergas generators, said coal-retort having a steamadit'for `the admission of steam at or near the close of distillation of the coal, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination, with two or more water-gas generators having a common wasteproduct flue, of two or more coal-distillingretorts arranged in said waste-product flue, so as to be heated by the Waste products from the water-gas generators, said coal-retorts having each a stean1-adit for the admission of steam at or near the close of distillation of the coal, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. In an apparatus for the manufacture of water-gas, the combination, with a gas-producer, a waste-product chamber, a gas-retort located in said chamber, steam-adits in the producer and retort, an air-adit at the top lOO

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