US406393A - mills - Google Patents

Description

(No Model. 4 Sheets-'-Sheet 1.. S. E. FLINT. SMOKE PRBVENTER FOR FURNACES.

No. 406,393. A Patented July Z, 1889.

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S. E.- FLINT. SMOKE PREVENTEB, FOR FURNACES. No. 406,393. Patented July 2, 1889.

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NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL E. FLINT, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO IVILLIAM F. MILLS, OF SAME PLACE.

SMOKE-PREVENTER FOR FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,393, dated J My 2, 1889.

Application filed April 16, 1889.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL E. FLINT, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Smoke-Preventers for Steam-Boiler and other Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improved means of preventing smoke in steam-boiler and other furnaces, and is an improvement on that for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to me, dated November 6, 1888, No. 392,549, for improvements in smoke-preventers for steam-boiler and other furnaces, wherein the principal feature consists in the combination, with a fire-chamber, of an inj ector-jet (or series thereof) having a perforated-nozzle-cap which incloses the jet and forms a mixing-chamber, and of an outer airtube inclosing the jet and its cap, whereby a mixture of air and steam is directed into the fire-chamber and eifects a combustion of the gases and smoke evolved from the burning fuel before theypass into the flues and chimney.

My presentinvention consists in additional features of novelty, as hereinafter claimed.

On the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a steam-boiler furnace with my invention applied thereto; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section thereof broken away; Fig. 3, a transverse section on line 1 1 in Fig. 2, omitting the fire-bars; Fig. 4, alongitudinal sectional view, to an enlarged scale, of one of the nozzles or injectors and its appurtenances forming the essential part of my invention, as seen to the left of Fig. 2; Figs. 5 and 6, outer and inner end views thereof, respectively; Fig.7, a transverse section on line 2 2 in Fig. at; and Fig. 8, a detached longitudinal section, to an enlarged scale, through the nozzle on line 3 3 in Fig. 4; Fig. 9, a detached front view, to an enlarged scale, of two adjacenthre-bridge air-pipes, forming part of my invention, as seen in Fig. 3; and Fig. 10, a side sectional view thereof, taken on line 4 4 in Fig, 9, or as seen to the right of Fig. 2; Fig. 11, a longitudinal section through one of the nozzles and its combined parts as SerialNo. 307,478. (NomotleL) applied to a fire-chamber having a double shell and intervening water-space, and Fig. 12 an outer end view thereof.

Like letters of reference denote like parts in all the figures.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 8,A represents a steam -boiler, broken away longitudinally, having the furnace-chamber B, fire-grate 0, bridge D, and ash-pit E. In and across the front of the furnace-chamberB are arranged, at suitable distances apart above the grate C, nozzles or injectors, each composed of a pipe a, having a curved or conical reduced end or nozzle a, (see Fig. 8,) around which is screwed or otherwise attached a tubular cap I), having a curved or conical reduced end or nozzle b, which is in advance of' and in line with the nozzle a, so as to form a chamber 0 between the nozzles a 1). Through the wall of the tubular cap I) are perforations cl, which admit air from the outside of the tubular cap I) to the chamber 0. The pipe with its nozzles a I) are inclosed within a cylindrical (or other shaped) pipe '6, open at one end adjacent to the nozzle -b, and formed through its other end adjacent to the front f of the boiler A with openings g for admittin g air from the outside of the pipe 6 to the annular space between the pipes at and e. Surrounding the pipe 6 is a second pipe 72, which is preferably rectangular in cross-section and of a diminishing taper vertically from its open end adjacent to the front f of the boiler-A to its inner open end, which projects beyond and is centrally in line with the nozzle Z). Surrounding the pipe 71 is a third pipe i, open at both ends and similar in shape and arrangement to pipe h, beyond which its inner end projects toward the furnace B. By this arrangement air is admitted from the outside of the front wall of the furnace-chamberB through the adjacent outer ends of the pipes h and 'i into the spaces between the pipes e h and h 2', respectively.

The injectors constructed as above dearranged at varying angles, respectively, to the fire-grate C, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2.

The nozzle-pipes a of the injectors are con nected together outside the furnace B by a horizontal pipe 7;, which communicates with the steam-space of the boiler A by the upright pipe I, having a regulating-valve on, or in any other desirable manner.

In the wall of the fire-bridge I), facing the ash-pit E and immediately beneath the bearer n of the fire-grate C, are arranged, at suitable distances apart across the ash-pit E,passages or pipes 0, which extend rearward and-upward through the bridge D, and thence forward to the face of the bridge I), where they communicate with the furnace-chamber B at a suitable height from the firegrate C, the pipes 0 being preferably square or rectangular in cross-section, and communicating with each other by spigot and faucet connections 0', as seen more particularly in Figs. 9 and 10, by which arrangement warm air from the ashpit E enters and circulates within the pipes o, and, passing upward through the bridge D, is thereby further heated, and thence finally issues at a high temperature into the furnacechamber 13, where, mingling with the products of combustion from the fuel on the grate G, intense heat and active combustion are induced.

In operation, on opening the regulatingvalve m, steam is admitted through pipes Z is into the injector-pipes a, from which it passes, in the form of jets, through the nozzles a, chambers c, and nozzles b into the forwardlying portions of the pipes 0, whereby a partial vacuum is formed in the chambers c and within the pipes c, which causes warm air to be drawn from the space q between the front f of the boiler A and the furnace I3, through the openings g into the pipes e, where it circulates around the nozzle-pipes a and passes through the perforations (Z of the nozzle-caps 1) into the chambers c, whence it is carried off with the passing steam through the nozzles Z) into the forward-lying portions of the pipes 71 in which a partial vacuum is thereby formed, and warm air drawn from the space through the pipes 71, and so on in like manner through the projecting portions of the pipes '1', from the inner end of which, the combined steam and accumulated accessions of warm air finally issue in a more or less compressed and highly oxygenated state into the furnace-chamber B, where, mingling with the draft and products of combustion, an intense heat thereby generated and thorough combustion of the gases and smoke effected, the effect being greatly increased by the simultaneous commingling of the warm air entering the furnace B through the pipes 0 0' in the lire-bridge 1).

If desired, the successive series of pipes surrounding each injector may be increased,

according to the number of injectors used, capacity of furnace-chamber, and volume of air required therefor.

By this invention the indraft of air produced by the exhaustive action of the steamjet is made co operative with the latter at the mouth of each successive ainduct, so that the volume of air injected into the furnacechamber is accumulative and correspondingly larger than that which would be inj ected when the same jet is surrounded by a single pipe of the combined area of the series of pipes 6, 7L, and t.

I do not limit myself to the rectangular and tapered shape of the pipes 7L and i, which may be made square, circular, or otherwise and parallel with each other, as may be found best in practice.

In the application of my invention to the fire-box of a locomotive or other furnacehaving a double shell and intervening waterspace the injector-tube e is surrounded (as shown in Figs. 11 and 12) by a single cylindrical air-pipe 71 which extends beyond the injector-tube e and opens at its inner end into the furnace, the pipes e and h receiving air through their outer ends from the outside of the boiler.

I claim 1. In a steam-boiler or other furnace, the combination of an injector-jet having a perforated nozzle-cap, which incloses the jet and forms a mixing-chamber, an air-tube inclosing and extending beyond the jet and its cap, and an outer air-tube surrounding and extending beyond the injector-tube, substantially as shown, and for the purpose de scribed.

2. In a steam-boiler or other furnace, the combination of an injector-jet having a perforated nozzle-cap, which in closes the jet and forms a mixing-chamber, an air-tube inclos ing and extending beyond the jet and its cap, and a series of air-tubes placed one within the other around the injector-tube and extending, respectively,beyond the latter and each other, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

In a steam-boiler or other furnace, the combination of a series of injector-jets having perforated nozzle-caps and surrounding air-tubes, all constructed and arranged substantially as described, with a series of airtubes communicating with each other and opening from the ash-pit through the lirebridge into the furnace-chamber, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses, this (3th day of April, 1889.

S. E. FLINT.

IVitnesses:

L. SeHnADER, PAUL BAKEWELL.

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