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US3922054A - Printed circuit electrical connector - Google Patents

Printed circuit electrical connector Download PDF

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Publication number
US3922054A
US3922054A US503907A US50390774A US3922054A US 3922054 A US3922054 A US 3922054A US 503907 A US503907 A US 503907A US 50390774 A US50390774 A US 50390774A US 3922054 A US3922054 A US 3922054A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
spring
conductors
holes
bight
mouth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US503907A
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English (en)
Inventor
Helen Dechelette
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Corp
Original Assignee
AMP Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMP Inc filed Critical AMP Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3922054A publication Critical patent/US3922054A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
    • H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/82—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force
    • H01R12/85—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/88—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures acting manually by rotating or pivoting connector housing parts

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrical connector for connecting conductors on [30] Foreign Application P i -it D t a printed circuit mother board to conductors on a Sum 1973 Fmncc 7 ⁇ I08 printed circuit daughter board is formed with a generally U-shaped spring metal channel. A separate flat 1 us CL 339/75 339/l76 MF flexible circuit is looped around the channel and held ⁇ 51 n 01R 13/53; HOSK H07 taut against it by a retaining nut which is provided [58] Field of Search 339/17 L 17 F 17 LM along the base or bight of the channel.
  • the nut has a 339/17 M 74 75 MP 176 series of spaced holes which are intended to align with holes in the channel base and in the mother board, [56] References Cited and screws register with the aligned holes to hold the 7 i flexible circuit against the channel and also secure the UNITED STATES PATENTS connector to the mother board. 3.319216 5/1967 McCullough 339/176 MP 3.444.503 5/1969 Mallery 339 74 R 7 Claims, 5 Drawmg Flgures US. Patent N0v.25, 1975 Sheet 1 of4 3,922,054
  • PRINTED CIRCUIT ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR This invention relates to an electrical connector for connecting a printed circuit daughter board to a printed circuit mother board.
  • the present invention is an electrical connector for connecting conductors on a printed circuit mother board to conductors on a printed circuit daughter board, the connector comprising a generally U-shaped spring supporting a separate flat flexible circuit wound round the U-shaped spring and held taut against the spring by a retaining member secured to the inside surface of the bight of the spring, the flat flexible circuit having spaced conductors extending from the mouth of the spring for engagement with the conductors of the daughter board along portions of the flexible circuit which are wound tight against the outer surface of the bight of the spring for engagement with the conductors on the mother board and means for mounting the connector on the mother board.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a connector according to the invention shown disposed on a printed circuit mother board and with end portions removed for clar-
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the connector omitting the flat flexible circuit
  • FIG.'3 is a side view of the connector mounted on the mother board
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of the connector of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the flexible circuit which forms part of the connector.
  • the connector comprises essentially a generally U-shaped spring 11 formed from resilient sheet metal, an elongate plastics nut 12 and a plurality of cooperating screws 13 for mounting the connector to a printed circuit mother board, and a flat flexible circuit 14 wound around the spring 11 and under the nut 12 which maintains the flexible circuit taut against the spring 11.
  • the connector 10 also has a pair of elongate cams .17 and a. pair of L-shaped end members 18.
  • the spring 11 as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, has two spaced arms and a bight portion 21 which is undulated in cross-section to provide a central raised portion or land 22, i.e. projecting in the direction of the arms, and two spaced downwardly projecting portions 23.
  • the raised portion 22 is provided with a plurality of spaced holes 24.
  • the arms 20 of the spring converge in a direction away from the bight portion 21 to form a constricted mouth 26 at which the arms 20 are reversely bent away from each other to provide two approximately cylindrical ears 27.
  • the plastics nut 12 has two longitudinal sides 29 which separate a relatively wide base 30 from a relatively narrow top 31 from which a blind slot 32 extends towards the base 30.
  • the base 30 has two rounded bead portions 34 located at the junctions of the base and the longitudinal sides 29 and extending the length of the sides 29.
  • a pair of spaced pins 35 project parallel to the beads 34 from each end 36 of the nut 12.
  • the base 30 has a plurality of downwardly projecting spaced bosses 37, one of which can be seen in FIG. 4, at each of which is located a tapped blind hole 38.
  • Each screw has a threaded shank 39 dimensioned for reception in a tapped hole 38 of the nut 12, and a head 40.
  • the flat flexible circuit 14 before assembly is shown in FIG. 5. It is rectangular and comprises a flat flexible dielectric substrate 41 on which is located, for example by an etching technique, a plurality of conductors 42 extending parallel to the longer sides of the substrate.
  • the conductors are grouped in two equal zones 43 and 44 separated by a central empty band 45 extending parallel to the shorter sides of the substrate.
  • Two further empty bands 46 are provided one adjacent each shorter side of the substrate.
  • a plurality of spaced holes 47 is provided in each empty band, the holes of each band being aligned with corresponding holes in the other bands.
  • the flexible circuit of FIG. 5 is formed into a cylinder with the conductors on the outside by ultrasonically welding or bonding the two bands 46 together so that the two sets of holes on the bands 46 are superimposed.
  • Each cam 17 is cylindrical and has a short eccentric pin 50 extending from each end 51 of the cylinder, the two eccentric pins being aligned. At least one of the pins of each cam is provided with a slot 52 extending inwardly of its free end.
  • Each L-shaped end member 18 has two legs 53 and 54 joined at a right angle.
  • the leg 53 has a rectangular recess 55 provided in the face 56 remote from the leg 54.
  • a pair of oval section holes 57 extends through the leg 53 one on each side of the recess 55.
  • the face 56 is also provided at the junction of legs 53 and S4 with a pair of spaced recesses 58.
  • the leg 54 is provided with a central tapped through hole 59.
  • the connector 10 is assembled by slipping the cylindrical flexible circuit 14 over the spring 11 such that the holes 47 of the circuit 14 are aligned respectively with the holes 24 of the spring, and applying the nut 12 between the arms 20 of the spring 11 so that the bosses 37 of the nut are respectively force-fitted into the holes 24 of the spring and through the aligned holes 47 of the flexible circuit 14.
  • the cams 17 may now be received respectively in the cylindrical ears 27 of the spring 11.
  • the connector is now ready for connection to a printed circuit mother board 60 which has a plurality of parallel copper tracks separated into two zones 61 and 62.
  • a plurality of spaced through holes 63 is provided in the band 64 between the two zones 61 and 62.
  • a further larger through hole 65 is provided at each end of the row of holes 63.
  • the partly assembled connector is then mounted on the board 60 by aligning the tapped holes 38 of the nut 12 respectively with the holes 63 in the board 60 and then applying the screws 13 via the underside of the board so that the threaded shanks 39 register with the holes 38.
  • the studs 13 are then tightened so that their heads 40 bear hard up against the underside of the board 60.
  • Each L-shaped member 18 is then mounted to the board 60 by aligning the tapped through hole 59 with one of the larger holes 65 in the board 60.
  • the holes 65 and other parts of the connector they are slid towards opposite ends of the partly assembled connector until the pins 50 of the cams 17 respectively pass through the oval holes 57 of the members l8 and the pins 35 of the nut 14 are received respectively in the recesses 58 of the members 18.
  • a suitable large screw 66 is then introduced into each tapped hole 59 via the underside of the board 60, and the screws are screwed up tight to secure the members 18 firmly to the board.
  • the downwardly projecting portions 23 of the spring 11 force the conductors 42 of zones 43 and 44 of the flexible circuit 14 respectively against the copper tracks of the zones 61 and 62 of the board 60 along two parallel contact lines.
  • the conductors 42 of the zones 43 and 44 of the flexible circuit 14 can be seen to extend into the mouth 26 between the arms of the spring 11.
  • a screwdriver 69 as seen in FIG. 3 is used to rotate the earns 17 180 from the position shown in FIG. 4 by means of the eccentric slotted pin 50, the cams 17 in this position urging the cars 27 of the spring 11 away from each other to open the mouth 26.
  • the daughter board 68 may now be inserted into the mouth without force, the leading edge of the board 68 being received in the slot 32 of the nut 14.
  • the earns 17 are rotated to their former position, by means of the screwdriver, which has the effect of closing the mouth 26 and urging the conductors 42 into engagement with respective conductors 66 on both sides 70 and 71 of the board 68.
  • the oval shape of the holes 37 in which the cam pins 50 are seated allows resilient deflection apart of the arms of the spring 11.
  • the conductors on the side 70 of the daughter board 68 are connected via the conductors in the zone 43 of the flexible circuit, 14 to the conductors in the zone 61 of the mother board 60, and the conductors on the side 71 of the daughter board 68 are connected via the conductors in the zone 44 to the conductors in the zone 62 of the mother board 60.
  • a film of insulation 74 may be provided as shown over the'conductors 42 on the flexible circuit over those areas which do not engage either the mother board or the daughter board. Furthermore, configurations other than the parallel spaced conductors 42 may be provided on the flexible circuit 14.
  • An electrical connector for connecting conductors on a printed circuit mother board to conductors on a printed circuit daughter board, the connector comprising a generally U-shaped spring having a bight portion and a mouth portion connected by arms, a separate endless flat flexible circuit wound round the U-shaped spring, said circuit covering substantially the entire inner and outer periphery of said spring, a retaining member for holding the circuit taut against the spring, said retaining member being secured to the bight of the spring along an inside surface of said spring, said circuit having spaced conductors extending from the portion of the circuit covering the mouth of the spring to the portion of the circuit covering the outer periphery of 5 the bight of the spring, said mouth of the spring being for receiving the daughter board and the bight of the spring being for mounting on the mother board whereby conductors on the mother board are con.- nected to conductors on the daughter board by the conductors on the flexible circuit, and means for mounting the bight of the spring and thereby the connector on the mother board.
  • the retaining member is an elongate nut which has a plurality of spaced tapped holes therein aligned with holes formed in the bight of the spring and holes formed in the flexible circuit, and the connector is provided with a plurality of screws arranged to pass through prepared holes in the mother board and mate with respective ones of said holes in the nut for securing the connector to the mother board.
  • each cam member is provided with an eccentric pin extending from each axial end of the cam member, the two eccentric pins of each cam member being aligned, said connector further comprising two end members, each said end member having a pair of oval holes for receiving the eccentric pins of said cam members, at least one end of each pin having a slot for permitting rotation of said cam members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
US503907A 1973-09-14 1974-09-06 Printed circuit electrical connector Expired - Lifetime US3922054A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7333108A FR2244327B1 (sv) 1973-09-14 1973-09-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3922054A true US3922054A (en) 1975-11-25

Family

ID=9125052

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US503907A Expired - Lifetime US3922054A (en) 1973-09-14 1974-09-06 Printed circuit electrical connector

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3922054A (sv)
JP (1) JPS5110366A (sv)
AR (1) AR200458A1 (sv)
AT (1) AT342695B (sv)
BE (1) BE819913A (sv)
BR (1) BR7407200D0 (sv)
CA (1) CA1023028A (sv)
DE (1) DE2441712A1 (sv)
ES (1) ES429845A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2244327B1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1478368A (sv)
IT (1) IT1021114B (sv)
NL (1) NL7412003A (sv)
SE (1) SE395586B (sv)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990761A (en) * 1975-08-11 1976-11-09 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Zero force connector assembly
US4255003A (en) * 1975-11-13 1981-03-10 Tektronix, Inc. Electrical connector
FR2501454A2 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1982-09-10 Doloise Metallurgique Element de connexion pour etablir un contact elastique de pression avec au moins une surface conductrice
FR2536593A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Doloise Metallurgique Element de connexion pour etablir un contact elastique de pression avec au moins une surface conductrice
US4587596A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-05-06 Amp Incorporated High density mother/daughter circuit board connector
US4626056A (en) * 1984-02-21 1986-12-02 Amp Incorporated Card edge connector
US4636019A (en) * 1984-02-06 1987-01-13 International Business Machines Corporation Connector mechanisms
US4744764A (en) * 1986-05-27 1988-05-17 Rogers Corporation Connector arrangement
US4818241A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-04-04 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Electrical interconnection device using elastomeric strips
US4840569A (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-06-20 Itt Corporation High density rotary connector
US4948374A (en) * 1988-04-21 1990-08-14 Dowty Electronic Components Limited Assembly for electrically connecting conductive paths of a first body to conductive paths of a second body
USRE33604E (en) * 1984-02-06 1991-06-04 International Business Machines Corporation Connector mechanisms
US5098309A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-03-24 Amp Incorporated High density connector with contact wipe
EP0511281A1 (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-11-04 Beta Phase Inc HIGH DENSITY MULTIPLE INSERTION CONNECTOR.
USRE34190E (en) * 1986-05-27 1993-03-09 Rogers Corporation Connector arrangement
WO1993010577A1 (en) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-27 Connector Systems Technology N.V. Zero insertion force connector system for a flexible circuit
US5308257A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-05-03 The Whitaker Corporation ZIF card edge connector utilizing flexible film circuitry
US5316486A (en) * 1990-05-29 1994-05-31 Kel Corporation Connector assembly for film circuitry
US5409384A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-04-25 The Whitaker Corporation Low profile board-to-board electrical connector
US5427533A (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-06-27 Northrop Grumman Corporation Zero insertion force connector
US5501612A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-03-26 The Whitaker Corporation Low profile board-to-board electrical connector
US5507651A (en) * 1991-04-22 1996-04-16 Kel Corporation Connector assembly for film circuitry
US5564931A (en) * 1994-05-24 1996-10-15 The Whitaker Corporation. Card edge connector using flexible film circuitry
EP0802584A2 (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-22 Molex Incorporated Circuit card connector utilizing flexible film circuitry
US5697794A (en) * 1994-10-18 1997-12-16 Itt Corporation High density connector assembly
US5913699A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-06-22 Molex Incorporated Laminated spring structure and flexible circuitry connector incorporating same
US6524114B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2003-02-25 Yazaki Corporation Board connecting terminal and connector using the terminal
US20040229491A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-18 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector having a mechanism for supplementing spring characteristics of a contact
US20080153326A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2008-06-26 Technology Advancement Group, Inc. Method for securing a circuit board to a socket
EP2031708A1 (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-04 ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Connector
US20100062633A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-11 Ferdinand Puttinger Connector system for engaging a portion of a plug within a receptacle

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL173804C (nl) * 1977-06-30 1984-03-01 Du Pont Contactinrichting voor een ketenplaat.
DE3875952T2 (de) * 1987-09-02 1993-06-03 Ncr Int Inc Elektrische verbindungsmittel.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3319216A (en) * 1965-03-25 1967-05-09 Fischer & Porter Co Connector for flat cables
US3444503A (en) * 1967-06-07 1969-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Connector for electrical circuit board
US3609463A (en) * 1968-10-01 1971-09-28 Bull General Electric Connectors for printed-circuit cards
US3614707A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-10-19 Siemens Ag Electrical connector

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3319216A (en) * 1965-03-25 1967-05-09 Fischer & Porter Co Connector for flat cables
US3444503A (en) * 1967-06-07 1969-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Connector for electrical circuit board
US3609463A (en) * 1968-10-01 1971-09-28 Bull General Electric Connectors for printed-circuit cards
US3614707A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-10-19 Siemens Ag Electrical connector

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990761A (en) * 1975-08-11 1976-11-09 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Zero force connector assembly
US4255003A (en) * 1975-11-13 1981-03-10 Tektronix, Inc. Electrical connector
FR2501454A2 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1982-09-10 Doloise Metallurgique Element de connexion pour etablir un contact elastique de pression avec au moins une surface conductrice
FR2536593A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Doloise Metallurgique Element de connexion pour etablir un contact elastique de pression avec au moins une surface conductrice
US4636019A (en) * 1984-02-06 1987-01-13 International Business Machines Corporation Connector mechanisms
USRE33604E (en) * 1984-02-06 1991-06-04 International Business Machines Corporation Connector mechanisms
US4626056A (en) * 1984-02-21 1986-12-02 Amp Incorporated Card edge connector
US4587596A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-05-06 Amp Incorporated High density mother/daughter circuit board connector
US4744764A (en) * 1986-05-27 1988-05-17 Rogers Corporation Connector arrangement
USRE34190E (en) * 1986-05-27 1993-03-09 Rogers Corporation Connector arrangement
US4818241A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-04-04 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Electrical interconnection device using elastomeric strips
US4948374A (en) * 1988-04-21 1990-08-14 Dowty Electronic Components Limited Assembly for electrically connecting conductive paths of a first body to conductive paths of a second body
US4840569A (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-06-20 Itt Corporation High density rotary connector
EP0511281A4 (sv) * 1990-01-16 1994-05-04 Beta Phase, Inc.
EP0511281A1 (en) * 1990-01-16 1992-11-04 Beta Phase Inc HIGH DENSITY MULTIPLE INSERTION CONNECTOR.
US5316486A (en) * 1990-05-29 1994-05-31 Kel Corporation Connector assembly for film circuitry
US5098309A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-03-24 Amp Incorporated High density connector with contact wipe
US5507651A (en) * 1991-04-22 1996-04-16 Kel Corporation Connector assembly for film circuitry
WO1993010577A1 (en) * 1991-11-18 1993-05-27 Connector Systems Technology N.V. Zero insertion force connector system for a flexible circuit
US5549479A (en) * 1991-11-18 1996-08-27 Berg Technology, Inc. Zero insertion force connector system for a flexible circuit
US5308257A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-05-03 The Whitaker Corporation ZIF card edge connector utilizing flexible film circuitry
US5409384A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-04-25 The Whitaker Corporation Low profile board-to-board electrical connector
US5427533A (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-06-27 Northrop Grumman Corporation Zero insertion force connector
US5564931A (en) * 1994-05-24 1996-10-15 The Whitaker Corporation. Card edge connector using flexible film circuitry
US5501612A (en) * 1994-06-17 1996-03-26 The Whitaker Corporation Low profile board-to-board electrical connector
US5697794A (en) * 1994-10-18 1997-12-16 Itt Corporation High density connector assembly
EP0802584A2 (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-22 Molex Incorporated Circuit card connector utilizing flexible film circuitry
EP0802584A3 (en) * 1996-04-17 1998-08-26 Molex Incorporated Circuit card connector utilizing flexible film circuitry
US5913699A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-06-22 Molex Incorporated Laminated spring structure and flexible circuitry connector incorporating same
US6524114B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2003-02-25 Yazaki Corporation Board connecting terminal and connector using the terminal
US20040229491A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-18 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector having a mechanism for supplementing spring characteristics of a contact
US6979216B2 (en) * 2003-05-13 2005-12-27 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector having a mechanism for supplementing spring characteristics of a contact
US20080153326A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2008-06-26 Technology Advancement Group, Inc. Method for securing a circuit board to a socket
US8011088B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2011-09-06 Technology Advancement Group, Inc. Method for securing a circuit board to a socket
EP2031708A1 (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-04 ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Connector
US20090061662A1 (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-05 Asustek Computer Inc. Connector
US7857629B2 (en) 2007-09-03 2010-12-28 Asustek Computer Inc. Dual in-line connector
US20100062633A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-11 Ferdinand Puttinger Connector system for engaging a portion of a plug within a receptacle
US7731516B2 (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-06-08 General Electric Company Connector system for engaging a portion of a plug within a receptacle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2244327B1 (sv) 1977-05-27
DE2441712A1 (de) 1975-04-03
BE819913A (fr) 1975-03-13
AU7241574A (en) 1976-02-19
AR200458A1 (es) 1974-11-08
JPS5110366A (sv) 1976-01-27
CA1023028A (en) 1977-12-20
FR2244327A1 (sv) 1975-04-11
BR7407200D0 (pt) 1975-07-08
SE395586B (sv) 1977-08-15
AT342695B (de) 1978-04-10
SE7411036L (sv) 1975-03-17
ES429845A1 (es) 1976-09-16
ATA713274A (de) 1977-08-15
GB1478368A (en) 1977-06-29
IT1021114B (it) 1978-01-30
NL7412003A (nl) 1975-03-18

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