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US3911791A - Swash-plate drive for axial piston pumps/motors - Google Patents

Swash-plate drive for axial piston pumps/motors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911791A
US3911791A US370346A US37034673A US3911791A US 3911791 A US3911791 A US 3911791A US 370346 A US370346 A US 370346A US 37034673 A US37034673 A US 37034673A US 3911791 A US3911791 A US 3911791A
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Prior art keywords
swash
rotary
axial piston
plate
plate member
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US370346A
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Robert Cecil Clerk
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0076—Connection between cylinder barrel and inclined swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/10—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto
    • F01B3/103—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/106—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with rotary cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18296—Cam and slide
    • Y10T74/18336—Wabbler type

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Freeh Attorney, Agent, or FirmLerner, David, Littenberg & Samuel [57] ABSTRACT
  • the invention provides an axial piston pump/motor whose stroke is controlled by a tiltable swash-plate carried on a non-rotary tilt member by a thrust bearing wherein torque reaction to piston thrust and swash plate drive is transmitted directly to the pump/motor mainshaft by spherically jointed links.
  • SWASH-PLATE DRIVE FOR AXIAL PISTON PUMPS/MOTORS This invention relates to a swash-plate drive for pumps and motors having axially moving pistons.
  • This system has several disadvantages, the more prominent of which are (a) the difficulty and cost of ensuring true alignment of the barrel on the shaft and in relation to a matting port-face of the pump casing which controls the distribution of the pumped pressure fluid, (b) the very high friction and poor wear resulting from the natural cantilever action of the drive torque loading transmitted by the pistons and acting on the lip of the cylinder mouths, (c) the low mechanical efficiency of a necessary articulated shoe accommodation to the swash-plate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting the driving torque directly between the mainshaft and a rotating swash-plate, bypassing the rotating barrel, the cylinders, pistons and articulated connecting rods, which are thus able the better to handle the axial pumping loads with only minor parasitic drag torques.
  • an axial piston pump having variable tilt angle swash-plate stroke control and rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control, characterised by a rotary swash-plate member in which the piston-thrust torque reaction or developed torque on the rotary swash-plate member is transmitted directly to the mainshaft by spherically jointed links inter-connecting that member to the shaft, the cylinder barrel being only indirectly located rotationally on the mainshaft by a sleeve loosely keyed thereto, and the rotary swash-plate member being supported by a thrust bearing on a non-rotary tilt member.
  • a preferred arrangement utilises a universal spider in which the radial outward arms on the mainshaft and the radial inward arms of the rotating swash-plate are inter-connected as pairs by spherically jointed links.
  • the links By designing the links as a flattened C, the orthogonal stub ends can be adapted to use commercially available spherical end units with positive lubrication from a mainshaft gallery.
  • FIG. 1 is a central vertical cross-section showing a swash-plate at 25 stroke angle
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the swash-plate at zero stroke angle.
  • the mainshaft l of an axial piston pump/motor is forged or cast integrally with three radial arms 2.
  • Each of the arms 2 is fitted with a part-spherical cup bearing 3 to receive the stub end of a flattened C shaped link 4, one of which is shown in the drawings. These stub ends are extended with centrifugal balance weights 5.
  • the swash-plate 8 is carried in an annular thrust bearings 9 in the non-rotational tilt member 18, which is tilted about trunnions 10 by control levers (not shown) connected to lugs 11.
  • the pump/motor cylinder barrel l4, bolted to a sleeve 15 loosely keyed to the shaft 1 is shown supported from the pump/motor stator casing 16 by a flanged keep nut 17.
  • Piston torque reaction in the case of a pump
  • developed thrust in the case of a motor
  • end thrust is taken by the bearing 9 in the stationary tilt member 18.
  • Rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control is utilised.
  • An axial piston pump/motor having variable tilt angles swash-plate stroke control and rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control, characterized by a rotary swash-plate member in which piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque on the rotary swashplate member is transmitted directly to a rotary main driving shaft by spherically jointed links interconnecting said rotary swash-plate member to said shaft, a cylinder barrel being located on a sleeve loosely keyed to said driving shaft so that piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque is not transmitted directly from said cylinder barrel to said driving shaft, and the rotary swash-plate member being supported by a thrust bearing on a non-rotating tilt member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an axial piston pump/motor whose stroke is controlled by a tiltable swash-plate carried on a non-rotary tilt member by a thrust bearing wherein torque reaction to piston thrust and swash plate drive is transmitted directly to the pump/motor mainshaft by spherically jointed links.

Description

United States atent [191 Clerk Oct. 14, 1975 SWASH-PLATE DRIVE FOR AXIAL PISTON PUMPS/MOTORS [76] Inventor: Robert Cecil Clerk, Edison House,
Fullerton Road, Glenrothes, Fife, Scotland [22] Filed: June 15, 1973 [21] App]. No.: 370,346
[52] US. Cl 91/499; 74/60 [51] Int. Cl. F01B 13/04 [58] Field of Search 74/60; 91/499, 485; 417/218 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,840,866 1/1932 Rayburn 91/506 2,151,415 3/1939 Bennetch 74/60 2,157,852 5/1939 Grosser 74/60 2,227,998 1/1941 Borer et al.... 74/60 2,256,952 9/1941 Sappington... 74/60 3,426,686 2/1969 Anderson 417/218 3,495,542 2/1970 Kratzen 91/485 Primary Examiner-William L. Freeh Attorney, Agent, or FirmLerner, David, Littenberg & Samuel [57] ABSTRACT The invention provides an axial piston pump/motor whose stroke is controlled by a tiltable swash-plate carried on a non-rotary tilt member by a thrust bearing wherein torque reaction to piston thrust and swash plate drive is transmitted directly to the pump/motor mainshaft by spherically jointed links.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures FIGI Sheet 2 of 2 U.S.. Patent Oct. 14, 1975 PEG. 2
SWASH-PLATE DRIVE FOR AXIAL PISTON PUMPS/MOTORS This invention relates to a swash-plate drive for pumps and motors having axially moving pistons.
In axial piston hydraulic pumps where the length of stroke and movement of the pistons is effected and controlled by a swash-plate of variable tilt angle, it is normal practice for a driving shaft torque to be transmitted to the reactive swash-plate through the medium of a multi-cylinder barrel (splined or keyed to the driving shaft) and the pistons, the remote or cantilevered ends of which are fitted with articulated shoes conforming to the swash-plate relative angularity during each revolution of the barrel.
This system has several disadvantages, the more prominent of which are (a) the difficulty and cost of ensuring true alignment of the barrel on the shaft and in relation to a matting port-face of the pump casing which controls the distribution of the pumped pressure fluid, (b) the very high friction and poor wear resulting from the natural cantilever action of the drive torque loading transmitted by the pistons and acting on the lip of the cylinder mouths, (c) the low mechanical efficiency of a necessary articulated shoe accommodation to the swash-plate.
It is known to utilise articulated connecting rods between the pistons and a rotating swash-plate member to improve disadvantage but with a variable tilt angle swash-plate it has still been found necessary to transmit the driving torque via the remote end of each piston by mechanical contact with a precisely located swelling on each connecting rod intermediate of its length between the *spherical" articulate ends. Unfortunately, this does not provide any appreciable alleviation of the loading transmitted to the cylinder mouth as in disadvantage (b).
The object of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting the driving torque directly between the mainshaft and a rotating swash-plate, bypassing the rotating barrel, the cylinders, pistons and articulated connecting rods, which are thus able the better to handle the axial pumping loads with only minor parasitic drag torques. This applies not only to pumps but to hydraulic motors of similar configuration, the difference being that in a motor the torque generated at the swash-plate serves to drive the mainshaft.
To this end what we propose is an axial piston pump (or motor) having variable tilt angle swash-plate stroke control and rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control, characterised by a rotary swash-plate member in which the piston-thrust torque reaction or developed torque on the rotary swash-plate member is transmitted directly to the mainshaft by spherically jointed links inter-connecting that member to the shaft, the cylinder barrel being only indirectly located rotationally on the mainshaft by a sleeve loosely keyed thereto, and the rotary swash-plate member being supported by a thrust bearing on a non-rotary tilt member.
However, a preferred arrangement utilises a universal spider in which the radial outward arms on the mainshaft and the radial inward arms of the rotating swash-plate are inter-connected as pairs by spherically jointed links. By designing the links as a flattened C, the orthogonal stub ends can be adapted to use commercially available spherical end units with positive lubrication from a mainshaft gallery.
A preferred construction form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a central vertical cross-section showing a swash-plate at 25 stroke angle;
' FIG. 2 is a plan view of the swash-plate at zero stroke angle.
The mainshaft l of an axial piston pump/motor is forged or cast integrally with three radial arms 2.
Each of the arms 2 is fitted with a part-spherical cup bearing 3 to receive the stub end of a flattened C shaped link 4, one of which is shown in the drawings. These stub ends are extended with centrifugal balance weights 5.
The opposite stub-ends of the links 4 are received in part-spherical cup bearings 6 in inwardly directed arms 7 of the rotary swash-plate 8.
The swash-plate 8 is carried in an annular thrust bearings 9 in the non-rotational tilt member 18, which is tilted about trunnions 10 by control levers (not shown) connected to lugs 11.
The part-spherical ends of piston rods 12 are received in cup bearings 13 in the rotary swash-plate 8.
The pump/motor cylinder barrel l4, bolted to a sleeve 15 loosely keyed to the shaft 1 is shown supported from the pump/motor stator casing 16 by a flanged keep nut 17.
Piston torque reaction (in the case of a pump) or developed thrust (in the case of a motor) is transmitted to the shaft 1 through the medium of the rotary swashplate 8, links 4 and arms 2 (constituting a universal joint) and end thrust is taken by the bearing 9 in the stationary tilt member 18. Rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control is utilised.
I claim:
1. An axial piston pump/motor having variable tilt angles swash-plate stroke control and rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control, characterized by a rotary swash-plate member in which piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque on the rotary swashplate member is transmitted directly to a rotary main driving shaft by spherically jointed links interconnecting said rotary swash-plate member to said shaft, a cylinder barrel being located on a sleeve loosely keyed to said driving shaft so that piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque is not transmitted directly from said cylinder barrel to said driving shaft, and the rotary swash-plate member being supported by a thrust bearing on a non-rotating tilt member.
2. An axial piston pump/motor according to claim 1,
in which the links are of flattened C formation.

Claims (2)

1. An axial piston pump/motor having variable tilt angles swashplate stroke control and rotary port-face hydraulic distribution control, characterized by a rotary swash-plate member in which piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque on the rotary swash-plate member is transmitted directly to a rotary main driving shaft by spherically jointed links interconnecting said rotary swash-plate member to said shaft, a cylinder barrel being located on a sleeve loosely keyed to said driving shaft so that piston-thrust torque reaction and developed torque is not transmitted directly from said cylinder barrel to said driving shaft, and the rotary swash-plate member being supported by a thrust bearing on a non-rotating tilt member.
2. An axial piston pump/motor according to claim 1, in which the links are of flattened ''''C'''' formation.
US370346A 1973-06-15 1973-06-15 Swash-plate drive for axial piston pumps/motors Expired - Lifetime US3911791A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4144771A (en) * 1977-04-07 1979-03-20 Vadetec Corporation Variable stroke piston type engine
US4465394A (en) * 1980-07-21 1984-08-14 Brueninghaus Hydraulik Gmbh Ball-jointed bearing arrangement of the piston heads in an axial piston machine
US4815327A (en) * 1985-10-14 1989-03-28 Michel Drevet Rotary barrel machine with pistons and fixed centering pivot
US20050186085A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-08-25 Vladimir Galba Axial piston machine with a swash plate
WO2019076671A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 IFP Energies Nouvelles Double-plate rotary barrel pump

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1840866A (en) * 1924-03-24 1932-01-12 Automotive Engineering Corp Power transmission apparatus
US2151415A (en) * 1935-05-31 1939-03-21 David S Bennetch Hydraulic transmission
US2157852A (en) * 1937-01-08 1939-05-09 Waterbury Tool Co Power transmission
US2227998A (en) * 1938-06-04 1941-01-07 William J Borer Rotary engine
US2256952A (en) * 1939-08-07 1941-09-23 Sappington Paul Air compressor
US3426686A (en) * 1966-04-04 1969-02-11 Ulrich Mfg Co Pump
US3495542A (en) * 1967-07-13 1970-02-17 Linde Ag Pressure axial-piston machine with rotating drum under axial force generated by fluid

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1840866A (en) * 1924-03-24 1932-01-12 Automotive Engineering Corp Power transmission apparatus
US2151415A (en) * 1935-05-31 1939-03-21 David S Bennetch Hydraulic transmission
US2157852A (en) * 1937-01-08 1939-05-09 Waterbury Tool Co Power transmission
US2227998A (en) * 1938-06-04 1941-01-07 William J Borer Rotary engine
US2256952A (en) * 1939-08-07 1941-09-23 Sappington Paul Air compressor
US3426686A (en) * 1966-04-04 1969-02-11 Ulrich Mfg Co Pump
US3495542A (en) * 1967-07-13 1970-02-17 Linde Ag Pressure axial-piston machine with rotating drum under axial force generated by fluid

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4144771A (en) * 1977-04-07 1979-03-20 Vadetec Corporation Variable stroke piston type engine
US4465394A (en) * 1980-07-21 1984-08-14 Brueninghaus Hydraulik Gmbh Ball-jointed bearing arrangement of the piston heads in an axial piston machine
US4815327A (en) * 1985-10-14 1989-03-28 Michel Drevet Rotary barrel machine with pistons and fixed centering pivot
US20050186085A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-08-25 Vladimir Galba Axial piston machine with a swash plate
US7013791B2 (en) * 2004-02-17 2006-03-21 Poclain Hydraulics Axial piston machine with a swash plate
WO2019076671A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 IFP Energies Nouvelles Double-plate rotary barrel pump
FR3072735A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-26 IFP Energies Nouvelles ROTARY BARREL PUMP WITH DOUBLE TRAYS

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