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US3890695A - Method of inserting a grummet or thimble in sail cloth or the like - Google Patents

Method of inserting a grummet or thimble in sail cloth or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3890695A
US3890695A US351481A US35148173A US3890695A US 3890695 A US3890695 A US 3890695A US 351481 A US351481 A US 351481A US 35148173 A US35148173 A US 35148173A US 3890695 A US3890695 A US 3890695A
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Prior art keywords
tube
grummet
ring
edge
opening
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Expired - Lifetime
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US351481A
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Douwe Gaastra
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GAASTRA BV
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GAASTRA BV
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Priority to US05/563,312 priority Critical patent/US3935619A/en
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Publication of US3890695A publication Critical patent/US3890695A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
    • Y10T29/4992—Overedge assembling of seated part by flaring inserted cup or tube end
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/53717—Annular work

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Foreign Applicafion Priority Data A method of attaching a grummet to sail cloth in May 8, 1972 Netherlands 7206211 which two rings are positioned around the edge of a hole therein and are pressed into interconnection.
  • the invention relates to amethod of inserting a grummet or thimble in sail cloth or the like consisting of positioning two rings each at one side of the sail cloth around the edge of the hole and interconnecting both rings with the edge of the hole therebetween by pression.
  • Grummets or thimbles serve for instance as points of attachment for the sheets and the like in the corners'of a sail of sailing boats or as points of attachment for lace or reef lines.
  • the prior art grummets consist of rings which are sewn in the sail cloth.
  • the prior art thimbles consist of two specially formed rings which are pressed to one ring around the hole in the sail cloth.
  • the invention aims at providing a method of forming a grummet or thimble which is connected to the sail cloth in such a manner that each risk of tearing is exluded, it can be inserted in considerably less time than the prior art grummet and is considerably stronger than the prior art thimble.
  • This aim is achieved according to the invention in that after making the hole in the sail cloth or the like the edge of the hole is ravelled out, the edge of the hole is smeared with a setting glue, preferably an epoxy glue, so that a glue smeared hole edge is formed.
  • a short tube is disposed in the die of a punch which tube preferably consists of stainless steel and has a diameter which fits into the hole, of which tube the lower end is somewhat flanged outwardly, one of the two rings which is preferably of aluminium is disposed around this tube so that it rests on the outwardly flanged lower end of the tube, the sail cloth or the like is placed around the tube on the said one ring, the second identical ring is placed around the tube, the tube is so deformed with the stamp of the punch that it obtains a torus-shaped configuration whereby the two rings clamp between them and compress both the sail cloth and the edge, whereupon the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble is removed from the punch. After setting the grummet or thimble is at full strength.
  • the stamp of the punch with a view to the removal of the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble from the punch, is built up of two disengageable parts, the upper part of the stamp, after pressing the grummet or thimble, being removed from the lower part.
  • the lower part being laid on an anvil in such a manner that the bottom side of the die is not supported and the grummet or thimble being pressed on or struck in order to move the die relative to the lower part of the stamp to discontinue the wedging action between the grummet or thimble and the stamp.
  • the invention also relates to a punch for carrying out the method according to the invention as well as to a sail for a vessel.
  • tarpaulin or the like which is provided with at least one grummet or thimble inserted with the method and/or the punch according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is plan view of a grummet or thimble accord- I ing to the invention inserted in an opening in a sail or the like;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section along the line ll-ll in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section through a ring
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a punch for inserting the grummet or thimble according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a sail or the like.
  • the grummet or thimble according to the invention in plan view has the configuration of a ring which is disposed around the edge of a round opening in the sail cloth which is indicated at I.
  • a round hole is made in the sail cloth.
  • the edge of this round hole is ravelled out for instance by means of a rotary steel wire brush. Thereupon this ravelled edge is smeared with an epoxy glue or the like. After the punching operation this glue sets to a thickened rim indicated at 2.
  • a ring 3 of aluminium or the like is laid on the rim, above or below the sail cloth 1.
  • This ring 3 is flat on one side and has a circular cross-section at the other side.
  • an edge has been removed.
  • This edge has a boundary surface 4 parallel to the plane of the ring and a boundary surface 5 which tapers outwardly from the boundary surface 4 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the punch comprises a die 7 having a central opening 8 and an upwardly facing channel-shaped recess 9.
  • a stamp consisting of an upper part 10 and a lower part 11, the so-called nipple, cooperates with the die 7.
  • the nipple 11 has a threaded portion 12 which has been screwed into a threaded opening 13 in the upper stamp part 10.
  • the nipple 11 slightly tapers downwardly.
  • the upper part 10 of the stamp is provided with a downwardly facing channel-shaped recess 14.
  • the stamp is removed from the die.
  • the cylindrical stainless steel tube with its slightly outwardly flanged lower end is deposited in the channel-shaped recess 9 of the die 7.
  • the lower ring 3 of the grummet or thimble is placed.
  • the glue rim 2 of the opening in the sail cloth is placed in the removed edge of the ring and on top of this the upper ring is placed.
  • the stamp is inserted in the die and moved downwardly relative to the die.
  • the cylindrical tube is deformed to the collar 6 which tightly clamps the rings 3 against the rim 2.
  • the grummet has been formed.
  • the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble must still be removed from the punch.
  • the upper part 10 of the stamp is unscrewed from the nipple 11 which is wedged in the grummet.
  • the nipple is placed on an anvil with the lower edge of the die 7 being no longer supported.
  • a method for inserting a grummet or thimble in a material comprising the steps of forming an opening in said material;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A method of attaching a grummet to sail cloth in which two rings are positioned around the edge of a hole therein and are pressed into interconnection. The edge of the hole is first smeared with a setting glue and a short tube having a flanged end is placed in the die of a punch and one of the rings is placed around the tube on to the flanged end. The sail cloth is then placed on the tube and a second ring is placed on the ring above the sail cloth, the punch thereby deforming the tube so that it assumes a torus shape whereby the sail cloth is compressed between the rings and can then be removed from the punch.

Description

o Unlted States Patent 11 1 1111 3,890,695
Gaastra June 24, 1975 METHOD OF-INSERTING A GRUMMET OR 2,553,051 5 1951 Kingman 24 141 x THIMBLE IN S CLOTH OR THE LIKE 2,633,618 4/1953 Moe 24/202 3,399,435 9/1968 Ackerman 24/241 Inventorr Douwe Gaastra, Heeg, Netherlands 3,512,224 5/1970 Newton 29/512 ux Assigneez Gaastra BDV, Sneek, Netherlands 3,653,353 4/1972 Davls 114/115 [22] Filed: Apr. 16, 1973 Primary ExaminerChar1ie T. Moon [21] AppL N03 351,481 Attorney, Agent, or FzrmRobert F. O Connell [57] ABSTRACT Foreign Applicafion Priority Data A method of attaching a grummet to sail cloth in May 8, 1972 Netherlands 7206211 which two rings are positioned around the edge of a hole therein and are pressed into interconnection. The [52] US. Cl. 29/458; 24/ 141; 29/512; edge of the hole is first smeared with a setting glue 29/523; 72/391; 114/115; 156/88 and a short tube having a flanged end is placed in the [51] Int. Cl B23p 3/00; B23p 25/10 die of a punch and one of the rings is placed around [58] Field of Search 29/512 X, 523 X, 458;;- the tube on to the flanged end. The sail cloth is then 1 14/1 15 X; 24/141 X, 202; 72/391 X, placed on the tube and a second ring is placed on the 156/91, 88 X ring above the sail cloth, the punch thereby deforming the tube so that it assumes a torus shape whereby the [56] References Cited sail cloth is compressed between the rings and can UNITED STATES PATENTS then be removed from the punch.
2,393,984 2/ 1946 Gookin 24/ 141 2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUN 24 I975 SHEET [III/A07!!! 1 METHOD OFINSERTING A GRUMMET OR THIMBLE IN SAIL CLOTH OR THE LIKE The invention relates to amethod of inserting a grummet or thimble in sail cloth or the like consisting of positioning two rings each at one side of the sail cloth around the edge of the hole and interconnecting both rings with the edge of the hole therebetween by pression. Grummets or thimbles serve for instance as points of attachment for the sheets and the like in the corners'of a sail of sailing boats or as points of attachment for lace or reef lines.
The prior art grummets consist of rings which are sewn in the sail cloth. the prior art thimbles consist of two specially formed rings which are pressed to one ring around the hole in the sail cloth.
The invention aims at providing a method of forming a grummet or thimble which is connected to the sail cloth in such a manner that each risk of tearing is exluded, it can be inserted in considerably less time than the prior art grummet and is considerably stronger than the prior art thimble. This aim is achieved according to the invention in that after making the hole in the sail cloth or the like the edge of the hole is ravelled out, the edge of the hole is smeared with a setting glue, preferably an epoxy glue, so that a glue smeared hole edge is formed. a short tube is disposed in the die of a punch which tube preferably consists of stainless steel and has a diameter which fits into the hole, of which tube the lower end is somewhat flanged outwardly, one of the two rings which is preferably of aluminium is disposed around this tube so that it rests on the outwardly flanged lower end of the tube, the sail cloth or the like is placed around the tube on the said one ring, the second identical ring is placed around the tube, the tube is so deformed with the stamp of the punch that it obtains a torus-shaped configuration whereby the two rings clamp between them and compress both the sail cloth and the edge, whereupon the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble is removed from the punch. After setting the grummet or thimble is at full strength.
Due to the fact that after the punching operation the edge forms a hard thickened rim which is entirely enclosed between the two rings and the tube which has been bent in the form of a torus an extremely strong connection between the grummet or thimble and the sail cloth is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention the stamp of the punch, with a view to the removal of the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble from the punch, is built up of two disengageable parts, the upper part of the stamp, after pressing the grummet or thimble, being removed from the lower part. the lower part being laid on an anvil in such a manner that the bottom side of the die is not supported and the grummet or thimble being pressed on or struck in order to move the die relative to the lower part of the stamp to discontinue the wedging action between the grummet or thimble and the stamp.
The invention also relates to a punch for carrying out the method according to the invention as well as to a sail for a vessel. tarpaulin or the like which is provided with at least one grummet or thimble inserted with the method and/or the punch according to the invention.
The invention will now be further explained with reference to the drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is plan view of a grummet or thimble accord- I ing to the invention inserted in an opening in a sail or the like;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section along the line ll-ll in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section through a ring;
FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a punch for inserting the grummet or thimble according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a sail or the like.
Like every grummet or thimble, the grummet or thimble according to the invention in plan view has the configuration of a ring which is disposed around the edge of a round opening in the sail cloth which is indicated at I.
In one way or another a round hole is made in the sail cloth. The edge of this round hole is ravelled out for instance by means of a rotary steel wire brush. Thereupon this ravelled edge is smeared with an epoxy glue or the like. After the punching operation this glue sets to a thickened rim indicated at 2. On the rim, above or below the sail cloth 1, a ring 3 of aluminium or the like is laid. This ring 3 is flat on one side and has a circular cross-section at the other side. At the inner side of the ring 3 an edge has been removed. This edge has a boundary surface 4 parallel to the plane of the ring and a boundary surface 5 which tapers outwardly from the boundary surface 4 as shown in FIG. 3.
The edges formed by these boundary surfaces serve to receive the glue rim 2 of the sail cloth 1. Around the two identical rings 3 and the rim 2, starting from a cylindrical. preferably stainless steel tube, a collar 6 is clamped, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
The insertion of the grummet or thimble according to FIGS. 1 and 2 occurs in a punch which is illustrated in FIG. 4.
The punch comprises a die 7 having a central opening 8 and an upwardly facing channel-shaped recess 9. A stamp consisting of an upper part 10 and a lower part 11, the so-called nipple, cooperates with the die 7. The nipple 11 has a threaded portion 12 which has been screwed into a threaded opening 13 in the upper stamp part 10.
The nipple 11 slightly tapers downwardly.
The upper part 10 of the stamp, as also the die 7, is provided with a downwardly facing channel-shaped recess 14.
The operation of punching the grummet in the punch according to FIG. 4 takes place as follows:
The stamp is removed from the die.
The cylindrical stainless steel tube with its slightly outwardly flanged lower end is deposited in the channel-shaped recess 9 of the die 7. Hereon the lower ring 3 of the grummet or thimble is placed. Thereupon the glue rim 2 of the opening in the sail cloth is placed in the removed edge of the ring and on top of this the upper ring is placed.
Subsequently the stamp is inserted in the die and moved downwardly relative to the die.
The cylindrical tube is deformed to the collar 6 which tightly clamps the rings 3 against the rim 2. Hereby the grummet has been formed.
Now the sail cloth together with the grummet or thimble must still be removed from the punch. To this end first the upper part 10 of the stamp is unscrewed from the nipple 11 which is wedged in the grummet. Subsequently the nipple is placed on an anvil with the lower edge of the die 7 being no longer supported. By
now striking or pressing on the grummet and thence on the die the grummet together with the die moves downwardly relative to the nipple until the wedging action due to the conicity of the nipple has been discontinued. The sail cloth with the grummet is then free from the punch.
In this manner all the grummets in a sail of for instance a sailing vessel can be inserted.
It is clear that the method according to the invention can be applied in all sorts of domains. for instance in tarpaulins.
I claim:
1. A method for inserting a grummet or thimble in a material; such as sail cloth or the like, comprising the steps of forming an opening in said material;
ravelling the edge of said opening;
smearing said raveled edge with a thermosetting adhesive to form a thickened edge about the opening;
positioning a first ring on a tube having a'flared end and an unflared end so that said first ring comes to rest on said flared end;
inserting the unflared end of said tube into said opening so that said unflared end projects therethrough and said first ring is placed in contact with one side of said material against the thickened edge of said opening;
positioning a second ring on said projecting end of said tube so that said second ring is in contact with the other side of said material against the thickened edge of said opening;
and deforming the ends of said tube so that said tube assumes a torus-shaped configuration to tightly clamp the adhesive-smeared thickened edge of said opening between said first and second rings.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said adhesive is an epoxy resin adhesive.

Claims (2)

1. A method for inserting a grummet or thimble in a material, such as sail cloth or the like, comprising the steps of forming an opening in said material; ravelling the edge of said opening; smearing said raveled edge with a thermosetting adhesive to form a thickened edge about the opening; positioning a first ring on a tube having a flared end and an unflared end so that said first ring comes to rest on said flared end; inserting the unflared end of said tube into said opening so that said unflared end projects therethrough and said first ring is placed in contact with one side of said material against the thickened edge of said opening; positioning a second ring on said projecting end of said tube so that said second ring is in contact with the other side of said material against the thickened edge of said opening; and deforming the ends of said tube so that said tube assumes a torus-shaped configuration to tightly clamp the adhesivesmeared thickened edge of said opening between said first and second rings.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said adhesive is an epoxy resin adhesive.
US351481A 1972-05-08 1973-04-16 Method of inserting a grummet or thimble in sail cloth or the like Expired - Lifetime US3890695A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/563,312 US3935619A (en) 1973-04-16 1975-03-31 Grumment for sail cloth

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL727206211A NL148842B (en) 1972-05-08 1972-05-08 METHOD OF PRESSING A GROMMER OR SAILING SOCKET INTO SAIL OR THE LIKE.

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/563,312 Division US3935619A (en) 1973-04-16 1975-03-31 Grumment for sail cloth

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US3890695A true US3890695A (en) 1975-06-24

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US (1) US3890695A (en)
BE (1) BE799229A (en)
DE (1) DE2322854A1 (en)
DK (1) DK132983C (en)
FR (1) FR2183948B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1421445A (en)
IT (1) IT985860B (en)
NL (1) NL148842B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4765177A (en) * 1985-10-02 1988-08-23 Pci Group, Inc. Grommet forming fixture
US4780945A (en) * 1985-11-06 1988-11-01 Goran Rutgersson Method and an implement arrangement for the removal of fasteners in the form of rings
WO1993011907A1 (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-24 Knudson Gary Art Fastening apparatus and method and rivet-type fastener
US5778509A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-07-14 Oea, Inc. Method for manufacturing hybrid inflator having toroidal-like stored gas housing
US20010029952A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2001-10-18 Curran Desmond T. Manner of attaching component elements to filtration material such as may be utilized in respiratory masks
US20150007412A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Patagonia, Inc. System and method for thermally bonding grommets to fabric
CN110464070A (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-11-19 中山市乐瑞婴童用品有限公司 A kind of technique opening up button hole on the fabric

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3216179A1 (en) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-03 William Prym-Werke Kg, 5190 Stolberg Device for detaching rivet eyes from webs, such as lorry tarpaulins

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2393984A (en) * 1943-09-23 1946-02-05 United Shoe Machinery Corp Grommet and washer assemblage
US2553051A (en) * 1945-11-02 1951-05-15 Metal Textile Corp End closure for knitted metallic mesh scouring devices
US2633618A (en) * 1944-12-11 1953-04-07 Better Products Inc Buttonhole and method of making buttonholes
US3399435A (en) * 1966-12-28 1968-09-03 United Shoe Machinery Corp Grommet assembly
US3512224A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-05-19 Usm Corp Grommet fastener and method for setting same
US3653353A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-04-04 Hood Sailmakers Attachment point

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2393984A (en) * 1943-09-23 1946-02-05 United Shoe Machinery Corp Grommet and washer assemblage
US2633618A (en) * 1944-12-11 1953-04-07 Better Products Inc Buttonhole and method of making buttonholes
US2553051A (en) * 1945-11-02 1951-05-15 Metal Textile Corp End closure for knitted metallic mesh scouring devices
US3399435A (en) * 1966-12-28 1968-09-03 United Shoe Machinery Corp Grommet assembly
US3512224A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-05-19 Usm Corp Grommet fastener and method for setting same
US3653353A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-04-04 Hood Sailmakers Attachment point

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4765177A (en) * 1985-10-02 1988-08-23 Pci Group, Inc. Grommet forming fixture
US4780945A (en) * 1985-11-06 1988-11-01 Goran Rutgersson Method and an implement arrangement for the removal of fasteners in the form of rings
WO1993011907A1 (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-24 Knudson Gary Art Fastening apparatus and method and rivet-type fastener
US5231748A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-08-03 Gary A. Knudson Fastening apparatus
US5778509A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-07-14 Oea, Inc. Method for manufacturing hybrid inflator having toroidal-like stored gas housing
US20010029952A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2001-10-18 Curran Desmond T. Manner of attaching component elements to filtration material such as may be utilized in respiratory masks
US6959709B2 (en) * 1999-10-19 2005-11-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Manner of attaching component elements to filtration material such as may be utilized in respiratory masks
US20050252839A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2005-11-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a filtering face mask that has an exhalation valve attached thereto
US7007695B2 (en) * 1999-10-19 2006-03-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Manner of attaching component elements to filtration material such as may be utilized in respiratory masks
US7069931B2 (en) 1999-10-19 2006-07-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a filtering face mask that has an exhalation valve attached thereto
US20150007412A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Patagonia, Inc. System and method for thermally bonding grommets to fabric
CN110464070A (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-11-19 中山市乐瑞婴童用品有限公司 A kind of technique opening up button hole on the fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7206211A (en) 1973-11-12
DK132983C (en) 1976-08-09
IT985860B (en) 1974-12-20
FR2183948B1 (en) 1974-07-05
BE799229A (en) 1973-11-08
DE2322854A1 (en) 1973-11-29
DK132983B (en) 1976-03-08
NL148842B (en) 1976-03-15
FR2183948A1 (en) 1973-12-21
GB1421445A (en) 1976-01-21

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