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US3880600A - Self-lubricating slide element - Google Patents

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US3880600A
US3880600A US349861A US34986173A US3880600A US 3880600 A US3880600 A US 3880600A US 349861 A US349861 A US 349861A US 34986173 A US34986173 A US 34986173A US 3880600 A US3880600 A US 3880600A
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iron
self
slide component
weight
alloy
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US349861A
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Josef Zboril
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/02—Nitrogen

Definitions

  • a self-lubricating slide component is made from a sin- [51] .B22f 3/00 tered material which includes graphite in a metal [58 ⁇ le 0 earc 8 148/126 phase.
  • the metal phase consists of one or more nitride 29/1 187] or carbo-nitride forming metal elements and which are located at least partially in the region of the surface of [56] References Cited the Slide com ponent. UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.448369 8/1948 Hcintz et al.
  • the present invention relates to an improvement in the composition and structure of slide components of the self-lubricating type which consist of a sintered material that includes graphite in a metal phase.
  • Self-lubricating slide components are utilized for applications where it is not feasible to use a slide component which is accessible for conventional lubrication techniques.
  • Their manufacture is usually accomplished by powder-metallurgical technique.
  • the metal phase consists in most cases of iron, nickel, copper, tin, antimony, lead, zinc and tungsten.
  • graphite bronzes have a tendency within this temperature range to grow.
  • the principal objective of the present invention is to provide an improved structure for these self-lubricating slide components so that the wear factor resulting from sliding friction will remain relatively low even at substantially increased temperatures.
  • the metal phase consists at least partially of one or more metal elements forming nitrides or carbo-nitrides, and that the metal elements within the region of the surface of the slip component take at least partially the form of nitrides or carbo-nitrides.
  • the slide component may and preferably does contain from 10 to 90% by weight of said metal element or elements.
  • the metal element may be and preferably is an iron alloy such as an ironaluminum alloy, which may contain from 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of aluminum, or an iron-aluminumchromium alloy.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 70% by weight of iron, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 10 hours at a temperature of 520C, under a 30% Nl-l dissociation. The nitrogen atoms diffused during this process through the surface of the slide component whereby iron was nitrided, at least partially within a zone extending along the surface of the slide component. The surface of the slide component was found to have a hardness of 96.5 HV prior to nitriding, and a hardness of 146 HV after nitration.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 60% by weight of an iron alloy, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 20 hours at a temperature of 520C, under a 30% NH dissociation.
  • the iron alloy contained approximately 1% by weight of aluminum, 1.7% by weight of chromium, 0.2% by weight of molybdenum and 1% by weight of nickel.
  • the hardness of the metal phase at the surface of the slide component was 1,020 HV after the nitriding. After annealing for 2,000 hours at 540C, the hardness of the metal phase was still 740 HV. This is depicted by curve plot 1 of the drawing. Extrapolation of the line of curve plot 11 indicates that the hardness after 100,000 hours at this annealing temperature would still be approximately 600 HV.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 60% by weight of an iron alloy, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 20 hours at a temperature of 560C, under a 50% NH; dissociation.
  • the iron alloy contained approximately 12% by weight of chromium, 0.5% by weight of nickel, 1.0% by weight of molybdenum, 0.3% by weight of vanadium, 0.3% by weight of tungsten and 0.1% by weight of niobium.
  • the hardness of the metal phase at the surface of the slide component was 980 HV after the nitriding.
  • the hardness was still 715 HV after an annealing time of 2,000 hours at a temperature of 540C, as shown by curve plot 2. Extrapolation of the curve plot 2 would indicate that the hardness after 100,000 hours of annealing at such temperature would still be approximately 640 HV.
  • the metal phase contains iron, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum or titanium.
  • These elements can be contained in the metal phase individually, or in combination.
  • :iron should be combined with one or more of the elements as listed.
  • the elements aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum and titanium also promote formation of nitrides which are hard, temper-proof and partially corrosion-resistant so that these slide components will retain their good wear-resistance characteristic even at temperatures above 550C.
  • the metal phase may consist of from 10 to by weight of the nitride or carbo-nitride forming metal elements.
  • the iron alloys constituting the metal phase may also contain tin, lead, zinc and antimony.
  • the iron alloy may also be of the iron-chromium type containing between 0.2 and 2.0% by weight of aluminum.
  • the iron alloy may also be: of the iron-aluminumchromium type, containing approximately, by weight, 1% aluminum, 1.0 to 2.0% chromium, and also up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 0.6% vanadium.
  • the iron alloy may also be of the iron-cnromium type containing between 1 and 30 by weight, of chromium.
  • the iron alloy may also be of the iron-nickelchromium type containing, by weight, 18% nickel and 8% chromium.
  • the slide component can also be subjected simultaneously to carburization.
  • a self-lubricatirig slide comiQfient consisting sentially of a sintered material Wlilh includes graphite in a matrix consisting essentially 6f metal components, said metal componeni eefisistmg at least partially er one or more nitride-or carbo-nitride-forming metal elem ents, and said metal elements in the surface zone of alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately 12% chromium, 0.5% nickel, 1.0% molybdenum, 0.3% vanadium, 0.3% tungsten and 0.1% niobium, balance iron.
  • a self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 containing by weight 8% graphite, 60% iron alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately, 1.0% aluminum, 1.7% chromium, 0.2% molybdenum and 1.0% nickel, balance iron.
  • a self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 containing 8% by weight of graphite, by weight, of iron subjected to nitriding and the remainder being nickel and copper.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

A self-lubricating slide component is made from a sintered material which includes graphite in a metal phase. The metal phase consists of one or more nitride or carbo-nitride forming metal elements and which are located at least partially in the region of the surface of the slide component.

Description

United States Patent Zboril Apr. 29, 1975 SELF-LUBRICATING SLIDE ELEMENT 2,725,265 11/1955 Daniels CI 111. 75/205 2,906,007 9 I959 B'bb' v 75 205 1 Flshsbach Swltzerland 2.994.600 8/l961 148/166 [73] Assignee: BBC Brown Boveri & Company l f 00 fl g8 3 a t i. Baden Swltzmland 3.741.733 6/1973 Kieffer 75 203 [22] Filed: Apr. 10, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 349,861 Primary Examiner-Benjamin R. Padgett Assistant Examiner-B. H. Hunt [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Attorney. Agent, or Firm-Pierce, Scheffler & Parker Apr. 20, 1972 Switzerland 5773/72 152 US. Cl. 29/l82.5; l48/l6.6; 148/126; [57] ABSTRACT 75/203; 75/205; 29/182'3; 29/182'7 A self-lubricating slide component is made from a sin- [51] .B22f 3/00 tered material which includes graphite in a metal [58} le 0 earc 8 148/126 phase. The metal phase consists of one or more nitride 29/1 187] or carbo-nitride forming metal elements and which are located at least partially in the region of the surface of [56] References Cited the Slide com ponent. UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.448369 8/1948 Hcintz et al. 148/16.6 14 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure l E 3 01 Z a K I wil\ A \\\Z soc 7 q we 2 -L 10 100 1000 D000 IOOOOO ANNEALING TIME (HOURS) SELF-LUBRICATHNG SLIDE ELEMENT The present invention relates to an improvement in the composition and structure of slide components of the self-lubricating type which consist of a sintered material that includes graphite in a metal phase.
Self-lubricating slide components are utilized for applications where it is not feasible to use a slide component which is accessible for conventional lubrication techniques. Their manufacture is usually accomplished by powder-metallurgical technique. The metal phase consists in most cases of iron, nickel, copper, tin, antimony, lead, zinc and tungsten. When these known slip components are subjected to stresses by sliding friction at temperatures above 250C, the surface wear will be substantial. Furthermore, graphite bronzes have a tendency within this temperature range to grow.
The principal objective of the present invention is to provide an improved structure for these self-lubricating slide components so that the wear factor resulting from sliding friction will remain relatively low even at substantially increased temperatures.
This objective is attained in that the metal phase consists at least partially of one or more metal elements forming nitrides or carbo-nitrides, and that the metal elements within the region of the surface of the slip component take at least partially the form of nitrides or carbo-nitrides. The slide component may and preferably does contain from 10 to 90% by weight of said metal element or elements. The metal element may be and preferably is an iron alloy such as an ironaluminum alloy, which may contain from 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of aluminum, or an iron-aluminumchromium alloy.
The invention is described below in terms of three different samples and the attached drawing which consists of two curve plots related respectively to examples 2 and 3.
EXAMPLE 1 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 70% by weight of iron, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 10 hours at a temperature of 520C, under a 30% Nl-l dissociation. The nitrogen atoms diffused during this process through the surface of the slide component whereby iron was nitrided, at least partially within a zone extending along the surface of the slide component. The surface of the slide component was found to have a hardness of 96.5 HV prior to nitriding, and a hardness of 146 HV after nitration.
EXAMPLE 2 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 60% by weight of an iron alloy, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 20 hours at a temperature of 520C, under a 30% NH dissociation. The iron alloy contained approximately 1% by weight of aluminum, 1.7% by weight of chromium, 0.2% by weight of molybdenum and 1% by weight of nickel. The hardness of the metal phase at the surface of the slide component was 1,020 HV after the nitriding. After annealing for 2,000 hours at 540C, the hardness of the metal phase was still 740 HV. This is depicted by curve plot 1 of the drawing. Extrapolation of the line of curve plot 11 indicates that the hardness after 100,000 hours at this annealing temperature would still be approximately 600 HV.
EXAMPLE 3 A slide component, made from a sintered material containing 8% by weight of graphite, in a metal phase consisting of 60% by weight of an iron alloy, with the remainder made up by nickel and copper, was nitrided for 20 hours at a temperature of 560C, under a 50% NH; dissociation. The iron alloy contained approximately 12% by weight of chromium, 0.5% by weight of nickel, 1.0% by weight of molybdenum, 0.3% by weight of vanadium, 0.3% by weight of tungsten and 0.1% by weight of niobium. The hardness of the metal phase at the surface of the slide component was 980 HV after the nitriding. The hardness was still 715 HV after an annealing time of 2,000 hours at a temperature of 540C, as shown by curve plot 2. Extrapolation of the curve plot 2 would indicate that the hardness after 100,000 hours of annealing at such temperature would still be approximately 640 HV.
At high temperatures, a high wear resistance of the slide component can be obtained if the metal phase contains iron, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum or titanium. These elements can be contained in the metal phase individually, or in combination. Preferably, :iron should be combined with one or more of the elements as listed. The elements aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum and titanium also promote formation of nitrides which are hard, temper-proof and partially corrosion-resistant so that these slide components will retain their good wear-resistance characteristic even at temperatures above 550C.
While three specific examples have been given for the composition of the slide component, these are not to be construed as limitative since it is possible for the metal phase to consist of from 10 to by weight of the nitride or carbo-nitride forming metal elements. Moreover, the iron alloys constituting the metal phase may also contain tin, lead, zinc and antimony.
The iron alloy may also be of the iron-chromium type containing between 0.2 and 2.0% by weight of aluminum.
The iron alloy may also be: of the iron-aluminumchromium type, containing approximately, by weight, 1% aluminum, 1.0 to 2.0% chromium, and also up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 0.6% vanadium.
The iron alloy may also be of the iron-cnromium type containing between 1 and 30 by weight, of chromium.
The iron alloy may also be of the iron-nickelchromium type containing, by weight, 18% nickel and 8% chromium.
In addition to nitriding, the slide component can also be subjected simultaneously to carburization. As a result of this process, carbo-nitrides, with properties similar to the properties of the nitrides, will form within the region of the border zone. If the slide component is also simultaneously sulphurized, it will lead to Q further im= provement in its sliding properties.
I claim:
1. A self-lubricatirig slide comiQfient consisting sentially of a sintered material Wlilh includes graphite in a matrix consisting essentially 6f metal components, said metal componeni eefisistmg at least partially er one or more nitride-or carbo-nitride-forming metal elem ents, and said metal elements in the surface zone of alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately 12% chromium, 0.5% nickel, 1.0% molybdenum, 0.3% vanadium, 0.3% tungsten and 0.1% niobium, balance iron.
4. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 containing by weight 8% graphite, 60% iron alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately, 1.0% aluminum, 1.7% chromium, 0.2% molybdenum and 1.0% nickel, balance iron. i
5. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 and which contains from 10 to 90% by weight of the nitride-or carbo-nitride-forming metal elements and wherein said metal elements are iron alloys.
6. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-aluminum alloy.
7. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 6 wherein the iron aluminum alloy contains between 0.2 and 2.0% by weight of aluminum.
8. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-aluminumchromium alloy.
9. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 8 wherein the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy contains approximately, by weight, 1% of aluminum, 1.0 to 2.0% of chromium, up to 0.6% of molybdenum, and up to 0.6% of vanadium.
10. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-chromium alloy.
11. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 10 wherein the iron-chromium alloy contains between 1 and 30%, by weight, of chromium.
12. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-nickelchromium alloy.
13. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 12 wherein the iron-nickel-chromium alloy contains, by weight, 18% of nickel and 8% of chromium.
14. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 containing 8% by weight of graphite, by weight, of iron subjected to nitriding and the remainder being nickel and copper.

Claims (14)

1. A self-lubricating slide component consisting essentially of a sintered material which includes graphite in a matrix consisting essentially of metal components, said metal components consisting at least partially of one or more nitride-or carbo-nitride-forming metal elements, and said metal elements in the surface zone of the slide component hAving at least partially the form of their nitrides or carbo-nitrides, said slide component being characterized by a hard and wear-resistant surface zone and a softer but still tough inner zone.
2. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal components, in addition to the nitride- or carbo-nitride-forming metal elements contain a member of the group consisting of copper, nickel, tin, lead, zinc and antimony.
3. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1, consisting of, by weight, 8% graphite, 60% iron alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately 12% chromium, 0.5% nickel, 1.0% molybdenum, 0.3% vanadium, 0.3% tungsten and 0.1% niobium, balance iron.
4. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 containing by weight 8% graphite, 60% iron alloy subjected to nitriding and the remainder nickel and copper, the iron alloy consisting essentially of by weight approximately, 1.0% aluminum, 1.7% chromium, 0.2% molybdenum and 1.0% nickel, balance iron.
5. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 1 and which contains from 10 to 90% by weight of the nitride-or carbo-nitride-forming metal elements and wherein said metal elements are iron alloys.
6. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-aluminum alloy.
7. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 6 wherein the iron aluminum alloy contains between 0.2 and 2.0% by weight of aluminum.
8. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-aluminum-chromium alloy.
9. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 8 wherein the iron-aluminum-chromium alloy contains approximately, by weight, 1% of aluminum, 1.0 to 2.0% of chromium, up to 0.6% of molybdenum, and up to 0.6% of vanadium.
10. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-chromium alloy.
11. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 10 wherein the iron-chromium alloy contains between 1 and 30%, by weight, of chromium.
12. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 5 wherein the iron alloy is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy.
13. A self-lubricating slide component as defined in claim 12 wherein the iron-nickel-chromium alloy contains, by weight, 18% of nickel and 8% of chromium.
14. A SELF-LUBRICATING SLIDE COMPONENT AS DEFINED IN CLAIM 1 CONTAINING 8% BY WEIGHT OF GRAPHITE, 70% BY WEIGHT, OF IRON SUBJECTED TO NITRIDING AND THE REMAINDER BEING NICKEL AND COPPER.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3998671A (en) * 1973-01-05 1976-12-21 A. Schild S.A. Process for the manufacture of a watch case with a visible highly invariable surface
US4035541A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-12 Kennametal Inc. Sintered cemented carbide body coated with three layers
US4063938A (en) * 1974-03-30 1977-12-20 Gerd Weissman Method for producing a nitride based hard metal powder
US4071382A (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-01-31 Midland-Ross Corporation Method for case hardening powdered metal parts
US4120719A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-10-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cemented carbonitride alloys containing tantalum
US4271239A (en) * 1977-07-20 1981-06-02 Brico Engineering Limited Sintered metal articles and process for their manufacture
US4836848A (en) * 1987-03-12 1989-06-06 Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha Fe-based sintered alloy for valve seats for use in internal combustion engines
US5466310A (en) * 1991-02-19 1995-11-14 The Australian National University Production of metal and metalloid nitrides

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4501613A (en) * 1982-07-22 1985-02-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Wear resistant sintered body
DE19644204A1 (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag Material for sliding machine parts
CN106077627A (en) * 2016-08-27 2016-11-09 宁波市鄞州新华仪表电机配件厂 A kind of preparation method of sliding bearing

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2448369A (en) * 1946-04-18 1948-08-31 Jack & Heintz Prec Ind Inc Engine bearing construction
US2725265A (en) * 1951-11-26 1955-11-29 Thompson Prod Inc Valve stem guides
US2906007A (en) * 1956-12-21 1959-09-29 Norton Co Sintered bearing composition
US2994600A (en) * 1958-09-01 1961-08-01 Hansen Friedrich Iron powder for making sintered iron articles
US3282746A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-11-01 Formsprag Co Method of hardening wear surfaces and product
US3377214A (en) * 1966-01-06 1968-04-09 Nat Forge Co Method for hardening crankshaft
US3741733A (en) * 1969-09-30 1973-06-26 Ugine Carbone Sintered hard alloy and method of making

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2448369A (en) * 1946-04-18 1948-08-31 Jack & Heintz Prec Ind Inc Engine bearing construction
US2725265A (en) * 1951-11-26 1955-11-29 Thompson Prod Inc Valve stem guides
US2906007A (en) * 1956-12-21 1959-09-29 Norton Co Sintered bearing composition
US2994600A (en) * 1958-09-01 1961-08-01 Hansen Friedrich Iron powder for making sintered iron articles
US3282746A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-11-01 Formsprag Co Method of hardening wear surfaces and product
US3377214A (en) * 1966-01-06 1968-04-09 Nat Forge Co Method for hardening crankshaft
US3741733A (en) * 1969-09-30 1973-06-26 Ugine Carbone Sintered hard alloy and method of making

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3998671A (en) * 1973-01-05 1976-12-21 A. Schild S.A. Process for the manufacture of a watch case with a visible highly invariable surface
US4063938A (en) * 1974-03-30 1977-12-20 Gerd Weissman Method for producing a nitride based hard metal powder
US4035541A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-12 Kennametal Inc. Sintered cemented carbide body coated with three layers
US4071382A (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-01-31 Midland-Ross Corporation Method for case hardening powdered metal parts
US4120719A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-10-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cemented carbonitride alloys containing tantalum
US4271239A (en) * 1977-07-20 1981-06-02 Brico Engineering Limited Sintered metal articles and process for their manufacture
US4836848A (en) * 1987-03-12 1989-06-06 Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha Fe-based sintered alloy for valve seats for use in internal combustion engines
US5466310A (en) * 1991-02-19 1995-11-14 The Australian National University Production of metal and metalloid nitrides

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CH585861A5 (en) 1977-03-15
JPS4917309A (en) 1974-02-15

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