Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
  • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A lubricating composition for marine diesel engines comprising (1) 50 to 90 parts by weight of mineral base oil, (2) 50 to 10% parts by weight of a mixture of polymers selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated polybutenes and polyisobutylenes, said mixture comprising a polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 210F of between 150 and 3,000 SSU and a polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 210F of between 40 and 100 SSU, and (3) a superbasic additive, said lubricating composition having an alkalinity index of between 60 and 70.
• the present invention relates to lubricating compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to lubricating compositions which are most useful for the lubrication of marine diesel engines.
• the present marine diesel engines most often are low-speed engines 120 rpm. maximum) having a high power which may reach 4,000 H.P. per cylinder.
• These engines have two separated lubricating systems, one system for the lower part of the engine (bearings, cross head, crank heads) and the other system for the cylinders.
• This separated lubrication of the cylinders operates by having the lubricant directly injected into each cylinder during each cycle.
• the lubricating composition is radially injected by nozzles around the cylinder.
• the number of lubrication inlets is limited for practical design reasons. For example, the distance between two inlets is about 35 cm in big engines having cylinders with a bore up to 100 cm.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide lubricating compositions for diesel engines, these compositions forming a continuous and homogeneous film, even between the lubricating inlets, and protecting the metallic surfaces against corrosion and erosion and decreasing the wear.
• lubricating compositions for marine diesel engines comprising (a) 50 to 90% by weight of a mineral base oil, (b) 50 to by weight of a mixture of a polymer selected from the group consisting in hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated polybutene and polyisobutene, said mixture consisting in a polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 2lOF comprised between 150 and 3,000 SSU and a polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 210F comprised between 40 and 100 SSU, and (c) a superbasic additive, said lubricating compositions having an alkalinity index of between 60 and 70.
• the mineral base oil which is used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention is one having a Saybolt viscosity of between 50 and 1,000 SSU at 100F.
• Mineral oils giving decomposition products which do not act as linking agents for the solid particles resulting from the fuel combustion preferably are used.
• Mineral base oils of the naphthenic type preferably are used. The importance of the chemical nature of the additives is greater, however, than the importance of the chemical nature of the base oil and, therefore, paraffinic base oils also may be employed.
• basic additives In order to decrease the corrosion wear on the cylinders, basic additives generally are incorporated into the lubricating compositions of the present invention. These additives act as neutralizing agents for the corrosive acids which are formed by the combustion of the fuel.
• the efficiency of the lubricant, with regard to the anti-corrosive properties, depends upon the alkalinity index of this lubricant.
• the alkalinity index (which is also called Total Base Number or TBN) is the equivalent in mg. of KOl-l per gram of lubricant.
• TBN Total Base Number
• the lubricating composition should have a TBN as high as possible in order to neutralize the important amounts of acidic combustion products.
• the basic additives employed in accordance with the present invention are selected from the group consisting of the superbasic sulfonates or phenates of magnesium or other alkaline-earth metals, more particularly superbasic petroleum sulfonates of calcium or barium.
• a superbasic sulfonate of barium is prepared, for example, by reacting a petroleum sulfonic acid with barium methylate and then bubbling CO therethrough.
• these superbasic sulfonates are different from the petroleum sulfonates of calcium, which generally are used as dispersing agents in lubricating compositions for 2- stroke and 4-stroke engines.
• the superbasic sulfonates or phenates have a viscosity index of about 250 to 400.
• the lubricating compositions of the present invention generally contain 15 to 30% by weight (based on the weight of the total composition) of superbasic additive.
• Lubricating compositions consisting in a mineral base oil and a superbasic additive.
• lubricants containing polymers of butene or isobutene, having a viscosity of between 30 and 600 SSU at 210F and having a molecular'weight which does not exceed 1,000.
• polymers between 40 and 95 SSU, and the other poly mer has a Saybolt viscosity at 210F of between 150 and 3000 SSU.
• Such polymers have a relatively low molecular weight which does not exceed 1,500.
• These polymers are polybutenes or polyisobutenes which are produced by polymerizing hydrocarbon fractions containing mainly olefines having 4 carbon atoms in the presence of Friedel-Crafts type catalysts. Since isobutene is the most reactive monomer, the first polymerization first gives a product consisting mainly in polyisobutene. The residual fraction is then polymerized with production of a polymer consisting primarily of polybutene with a low percentage of polyisobutene.
• the lubricating compositions contain as well polyisobutenes as polybutenes, these polymers being previously hydrogenated or not.
• the most important factor is the viscosity of the polymers.
• poly-C will be used for these polymers.
• the lubricating compositions of the present invention generally comprise 50 to 90% by weight of mineral base oil, such as above defined, and 50 to by weight of a mixture of poly-C According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the compositions contain 80 to 65% by weight of mineral base oil and to 3571 of a mixture of poly-C Comparative experiments have shown that by adding the mixture of poly-C to a mineral base oil, the resulting compositions are particularly suitable lubricants for marine diesel engines, although these poly-C are polymers with a relatively low molecular weight. Indeed, the prior art teaches that lubricating oils contain generally mineral base oils and poly-C having a high molecular weight higher than about 5,000, or mixtures of poly-C and olefines copolymers.
• compositions containing a base oil and a mixture containing a major part of poly- C, having a mean molecular weight of about 5,000 and a minor part of poly-C, having a mean molecular weight of about 150,000 are used.
• the main object of these compositions containing polymers with a high molecular weight is to avoid important variations of viscosity as a function of the temperature and to lower the formation of carbon deposits at high temperatures. In the modern diesel engines, however, the effectiveness at high temperatures is only one of the requirements and the above lubricating oils are not satisfactory.
• the lubricant must form a continuous and homogeneous film and spreading, oiliness, mechanical stability and evaporation rate are further important criteria.
• cylinder diameter is 190 mm and the piston stroke is 350 mm.
• Such engine with supercharging has a power of 350 HP at 500 rpm.
• Lubrication of the pistons and of the bearings was performed by a separated feed for each cylinder by individual pumps and oil vessels, so that the oils for the 3 cylinders might be compared during the tests.
• Each cylinder had two opposite inlets for lubrication.
• the bushings and other auxiliary devices were lubricated by the oil in the crankcase, this oil being used also to cool the interior of the pistons.
• the weight loss of each ring was controlled by weighing the rings before and after each test. Also, the cleanliness of the engine after each test was controlled in accordance with the CECM-02-T-70 procedure (European Coordination Council for the development of performance tests for engines lubricants and fuels). According to this procedure, the engine was examined with respect to mechanical and chemical degradations and deposits. The merit rating was obtained by means of a scale wherein 100 denotes an absolutely clean surface.
• a lubricating composition was prepared by mixing parts by weight of naphthenic base oil having a viscosity of 185 centistokes at l00F, 24 parts by weight of polybutene having a mean molecular weight of 610 (Saybolt viscosity 2 259 SSU at 210F), and 6 parts by weight of polybutene having a mean molecular weight of 420 (Saybolt viscosity 64 SSU at 210F). To this mixture were added 25 parts by weight of superbasic calcium sulfonate (LUBRlZOL 56) having an alkalinity index of 285. The resulting lubricating composition had an alkalinity index or TBN of 62.
• This lubricating composition referred to as Composition A" was tested in the hereinabove described diesel engine.
• composition B a similar lubricating composition was prepared, but with the use of 30 parts of a polybutene having a molecular weight of 400, instead of the mixture of polybutenes.
• This composition was referred to as Composition B.
• a lubricating composition was prepared by mixing 65 parts by weight of mineral base oil having a viscosity of 192 centistokes at 100F. parts by weight of hydrogenated polybutene having a mean molecularweight of 925 and a Saybolt viscosity of 1.008 SSU at 210F. and 15 parts by weight of hydrogenated polybutene having a mean molecular weight of 635 and a Saybolt viscosity of 255 SSU at 210F. This compositon was divided into three portions and an amount of superbasic magnesium sulfonate added to each portion, the amount varying in each portion such as to produce alkalinity indexes of 50. 65 and 85. respectively. These compositions were tested as above described. The results of these tests on What is claimed is:
• a lubricating composition for marine diesel engines comprising (1) 50 to parts by weight of mineral base oil, (2) 50 to 10 parts by weight of a mixture of polymers all having a molecular weight below about 1500 and selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated polybutenes and polyisobutylenes, said mixture comprising a polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 210F of between 150 and 3,000 SSU and a lower molecular weight polymer having a Saybolt viscosity at 210F of between 40 and SSU, the higher molecular weight and lower molecular weight polymers of said mixture being in the ratio of 4:1 to 1:1, and (3) super-basic additive, said lubricating composition having an alkalinity index of between 60 and 70.
• the lubricating composition of claim 1 wherein the said composition contains from 15 to 30% based on the weight of said composition. of said superbasic additive.
• composition comprises 65 to 80% of said mineral base oil and 35 to 20% of said mixture of polymers.
• the lubricating composition of claim 1 containing about 15 to 30% based on the weight of said composition of a super basic additive selected from a group consisting of super basic sulfonates and phenates of an alkaline earth metal.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 1972
  • 1972-12-19 BE BE125511A patent/BE792976A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1973
  • 1973-07-24 CH CH1077773A patent/CH578613A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-07-24 SE SE7310271A patent/SE383641B/xx unknown
  • 1973-07-25 NO NO2999/73A patent/NO135252C/no unknown
  • 1973-07-30 IT IT7327273A patent/IT992752B/it active
  • 1973-08-06 GB GB3722473A patent/GB1408369A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-08-23 DE DE2342563A patent/DE2342563C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1973-09-21 NL NL7313036A patent/NL7313036A/xx unknown
  • 1973-10-05 ZA ZA737795*A patent/ZA737795B/xx unknown
  • 1973-12-04 DK DK653773AA patent/DK142060B/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-12-11 US US423690A patent/US3878115A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1973-12-17 FR FR7344987A patent/FR2210659B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-12-18 JP JP14044573A patent/JPS532442B2/ja not_active Expired

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