US3868495A - Electric hair drying device - Google Patents
Electric hair drying device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3868495A US3868495A US421112A US42111273A US3868495A US 3868495 A US3868495 A US 3868495A US 421112 A US421112 A US 421112A US 42111273 A US42111273 A US 42111273A US 3868495 A US3868495 A US 3868495A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- shell
- air
- inlet
- impeller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
- A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
- A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
- A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
- A45D20/48—Hair-drying combs or hair-drying brushes, with internal heating means
- A45D20/50—Hair-drying combs or hair-drying brushes, with internal heating means and provision for an air stream
Definitions
- An electric hair dryer includes an elongated cylindrical casing having an air inlet at one end and another air inlet intermediate the two ends of the casing.
- An axial flow fan is located adjacent each inlet, with the fans being of opposite hand so as to produce opposed air flows within the casing.
- An air outlet is provided in the peripheral wall of the casing between the fans and an electric heating unit is provided in the casing between the fans and the outlet whereby air is drawn into the casing by the fans through the inlets, heated and ejected through the outlet.
- the casing may be in the form of two semi-cylindrical shells joined along their longitudinal edges.
- the axial flow fans and an electric driving motor therefor are carried by one of the shells independently of the other shell.
- the electric heating unit includes a frame assembly having a disc with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the casing to separate the air flow of the first impeller from the air flow of the second impeller.
- a blower device an elongate hollow casing, a first fan impeller located adjacent one end of the casing, a second. fan impeller spaced axially of the casing from the first fan impeller, the first andsecond impellers being arranged to produce opposed air. flows within the casing, and drive means for the impellers, said casing having anoutlet for the air flows produced by said fan impellers.
- a hair dryer comprising an elongate hollow cylindrical casing including afirst substantially semicylindrical. shell and a second substantially semicylindrical shell, said casing defining a. first air inlet at one end and a second air inlet intermediate the length of the casing, and an air outlet in the wall of one said shell intermediate the two inlets, a motor mounted in the other said shell at a location between the second inlet and that end of the casing remote from thefirst inlet, a first, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the first inlet, said impeller including blades of one hand, a second, axial'flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the second inlet said impeller including blades of the opposite hand to those of the first impeller, a shaft coupling the motor to the impellers, and a heating unit disposed intermediate the impellers and including a frame assembly incorporating a disc having a. diameter equal to that of the interior of the casing, and heater elements mounted on the frame assembly.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a hair dryer in accordance with the invention.
- HO. 2 is a perspective view of a modified form of heating unit for the hair dryer of FIG. 1.
- the hair dryer comprises a cylindrical hollow casing arranged to be held in the hand and formed from two semi-cylindrical shells 12, 14 which are arranged to mate at longitudinal edges.
- An electric motor 16, switch 18, and terminal block are mounted in a lower (as'shown) portion of the casing 10, a drive shaft 22 of the motor 16 extending upwardly from the motor and lying on the longitudinal axis of the casing.
- An upper (as shown) end portion of the shaft 22 is journalled in a self-aligning bearing 24 carried by a projection 25 of the casing 10.
- the upper end of the casing is open and forms a first air inlet 30.
- a second, annular, air inlet 32 is formed in the casing immediately above the motor 16.
- a first, axial flow, fan impeller 34 is mounted on the drive shaft 22 just below the first inlet and above the bearing 24, and a second, axial flow, fan impeller 36 is mounted on the drive shaft 22 just above the second inlet 32.
- the blades 38, 40 of the impellers 34, 36 are of opposite hand so that rotation of the impellers causes air to be drawn into the casing through the respective adjacent inlets 30, 32'.
- An air outlet 42 is formed in one semi-cylindrical shell 14 of the casing in the portion thereof lying between the impellers. As shown, the outlet is in the form of two rows of parallel slots 44, the slots extending transversely to the casing axis. Preferably, bristles 46 arranged in semi-annular rows are locatedbetween adjacent slots in each row.
- a heating unit 50 for heating the air prior to discharge from the outlet 42 is mounted in the casing between the impellers 34, 36 and comprises a frame assembly 52 carrying helical heating elements 54.
- the heating elements 54 extend longitudinally of the casing and each element 54 is supported at its end portions and its central portion by transverse plate members 56.
- the plate members forming parts of the frame assembly also serve to direct the air flow within the casing towards the outlet 42,.
- the central plate member 56 is in the form of a disc having a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the casing in order substantially to isolate the air flows of the two impellers.
- heating elements 60 are helically wound on longitudinal support strips 62 which are carried by a single plate member 64, preferably, this plate member 64 is in the form of a disc which acts substantially to isolate the air flows of the two impellers.
- the motor 16, switch 18, terminal block 20, and the projection carrying the self-aligning bearing 24 are mounted within one semi-cylindrical shell 12 of the casing, and the outlet 42 is formed in the other shell 14.
- the operation of the hair dryer is largely selfexplanatory, air being drawn in by the opposite-handed impellers 34,, 36 through respective inlets 30, 32, heated by the elements 54 or and delivered through the outlet 42.
- the features of the hereinbefore described hair dryer ensure a better air flow distribution through the outlet 42 because of the use of two impellers, and the bristles 46, although optional ensure that the hair being dried is constantly re-distributed and is thus all subjected to the action of the hot air.
- the disposition of a fan impeller 34 and one air inlet 30 adjacent the motor 16 will aid in cooling the motor, and indeed to some degree air passing through impeller 34 will be pre-heated.
- the handle (lower) portion of the casing will be cooled and thus more comfortable to hold.
- a hair dryer comprising an elongate hollow cylindrical casing including a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and a second substantially semi-cylindrical shell,
- said casing defining a first air inlet at one end and a second air inlet'intermediate the length of the easing, and an air outlet in the wall of one said shell intermediate the two inlets,
- a first, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the first inlet, said impeller including blades of one hand
- a second, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the second inlet said impeller including blades of the opposite hand to those of the first impeller
- a heating unit disposed intermediate the impellers a second fan impeller spaced axially of the casing and including from the first fan impeller and carried by said one a frame assembly incorpor ting shell independently of said second shell,
- havihg a hammer equal to that of the ihte the first and second fan impellers being arranged to of the and 5 produce opposed air flows within the casing
- an elongate hollow casing comprising a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and,
- said casing defining a first air inlet at one end
Landscapes
- Cleaning And Drying Hair (AREA)
Abstract
An electric hair dryer includes an elongated cylindrical casing having an air inlet at one end and another air inlet intermediate the two ends of the casing. An axial flow fan is located adjacent each inlet, with the fans being of opposite hand so as to produce opposed air flows within the casing. An air outlet is provided in the peripheral wall of the casing between the fans and an electric heating unit is provided in the casing between the fans and the outlet whereby air is drawn into the casing by the fans through the inlets, heated and ejected through the outlet. The casing may be in the form of two semi-cylindrical shells joined along their longitudinal edges. The axial flow fans and an electric driving motor therefor are carried by one of the shells independently of the other shell. The electric heating unit includes a frame assembly having a disc with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the casing to separate the air flow of the first impeller from the air flow of the second impeller.
Description
United States Patent [191 Dyer 1 ELECTRIC HAIR DRYING DEVICE [75] Inventor: Hugh E. T. Dyer, Dorset, England [73] Assignee: Firth Cleveland Limited, London,
England [22] Filed: Dec. 3, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 421,112
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 2, 1972 Great Britain 55789/72 [52] US. Cl 219/368, 34/97, 132/112, 165/l22, 219/370, 219/373, 415/102 [51] Int. Cl..... H05b l/00, A45d 20/10 [58] Field of Search 219/366-371, 219/373, 379, 380; 34/96-101, 243, 97;
[ 1 Feb. 25, 1975 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 256,264 8/1967 Austria 219/370 Primary Examiner-A. Bartis Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Pennie & Edmonds [57] ABSTRACT An electric hair dryer includes an elongated cylindrical casing having an air inlet at one end and another air inlet intermediate the two ends of the casing. An axial flow fan is located adjacent each inlet, with the fans being of opposite hand so as to produce opposed air flows within the casing. An air outlet is provided in the peripheral wall of the casing between the fans and an electric heating unit is provided in the casing between the fans and the outlet whereby air is drawn into the casing by the fans through the inlets, heated and ejected through the outlet. The casing may be in the form of two semi-cylindrical shells joined along their longitudinal edges. The axial flow fans and an electric driving motor therefor are carried by one of the shells independently of the other shell. The electric heating unit includes a frame assembly having a disc with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the casing to separate the air flow of the first impeller from the air flow of the second impeller.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures ELETR IC HAIR DRYING DEVICE This invention relates to blower devices, for example hair dryers.
According to the present invention there is provided ina blower device, an elongate hollow casing, a first fan impeller located adjacent one end of the casing, a second. fan impeller spaced axially of the casing from the first fan impeller, the first andsecond impellers being arranged to produce opposed air. flows within the casing, and drive means for the impellers, said casing having anoutlet for the air flows produced by said fan impellers.
Further according to the present invention there is provided a hair dryer comprising an elongate hollow cylindrical casing including afirst substantially semicylindrical. shell and a second substantially semicylindrical shell, said casing defining a. first air inlet at one end and a second air inlet intermediate the length of the casing, and an air outlet in the wall of one said shell intermediate the two inlets, a motor mounted in the other said shell at a location between the second inlet and that end of the casing remote from thefirst inlet, a first, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the first inlet, said impeller including blades of one hand, a second, axial'flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the second inlet said impeller including blades of the opposite hand to those of the first impeller, a shaft coupling the motor to the impellers, and a heating unit disposed intermediate the impellers and including a frame assembly incorporating a disc having a. diameter equal to that of the interior of the casing, and heater elements mounted on the frame assembly.
The invention will now be described, by way of exampie, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a hair dryer in accordance with the invention; and
HO. 2 is a perspective view of a modified form of heating unit for the hair dryer of FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1 the hair dryer comprises a cylindrical hollow casing arranged to be held in the hand and formed from two semi-cylindrical shells 12, 14 which are arranged to mate at longitudinal edges. An electric motor 16, switch 18, and terminal block are mounted in a lower (as'shown) portion of the casing 10, a drive shaft 22 of the motor 16 extending upwardly from the motor and lying on the longitudinal axis of the casing. An upper (as shown) end portion of the shaft 22 is journalled in a self-aligning bearing 24 carried by a projection 25 of the casing 10.
The upper end of the casing is open and forms a first air inlet 30. A second, annular, air inlet 32 is formed in the casing immediately above the motor 16. A first, axial flow, fan impeller 34 is mounted on the drive shaft 22 just below the first inlet and above the bearing 24, and a second, axial flow, fan impeller 36 is mounted on the drive shaft 22 just above the second inlet 32. The blades 38, 40 of the impellers 34, 36 are of opposite hand so that rotation of the impellers causes air to be drawn into the casing through the respective adjacent inlets 30, 32'.
An air outlet 42 is formed in one semi-cylindrical shell 14 of the casing in the portion thereof lying between the impellers. As shown, the outlet is in the form of two rows of parallel slots 44, the slots extending transversely to the casing axis. Preferably, bristles 46 arranged in semi-annular rows are locatedbetween adjacent slots in each row.
A heating unit 50 for heating the air prior to discharge from the outlet 42 is mounted in the casing between the impellers 34, 36 and comprises a frame assembly 52 carrying helical heating elements 54. The heating elements 54 extend longitudinally of the casing and each element 54 is supported at its end portions and its central portion by transverse plate members 56. The plate members forming parts of the frame assembly also serve to direct the air flow within the casing towards the outlet 42,.Preferably, the central plate member 56 is in the form of a disc having a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the casing in order substantially to isolate the air flows of the two impellers.
In a modified form of heating unit as shown in FIG. 2, heating elements 60. are helically wound on longitudinal support strips 62 which are carried by a single plate member 64, preferably, this plate member 64 is in the form of a disc which acts substantially to isolate the air flows of the two impellers.
As shown, the motor 16, switch 18, terminal block 20, and the projection carrying the self-aligning bearing 24 are mounted within one semi-cylindrical shell 12 of the casing, and the outlet 42 is formed in the other shell 14.,
The operation of the hair dryer is largely selfexplanatory, air being drawn in by the opposite- handed impellers 34,, 36 through respective inlets 30, 32, heated by the elements 54 or and delivered through the outlet 42.
The features of the hereinbefore described hair dryer ensure a better air flow distribution through the outlet 42 because of the use of two impellers, and the bristles 46, although optional ensure that the hair being dried is constantly re-distributed and is thus all subjected to the action of the hot air. The disposition of a fan impeller 34 and one air inlet 30 adjacent the motor 16 will aid in cooling the motor, and indeed to some degree air passing through impeller 34 will be pre-heated. At the same time the handle (lower) portion of the casing will be cooled and thus more comfortable to hold.
The arrangement of the casing in two semicylindrical shells considerably simplifies assembly and the arrangement of all the working parts in one shell aids in the detection of any faults.
I claim:
1. A hair dryer comprising an elongate hollow cylindrical casing including a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and a second substantially semi-cylindrical shell,
said casing defining a first air inlet at one end and a second air inlet'intermediate the length of the easing, and an air outlet in the wall of one said shell intermediate the two inlets,
a motor mounted in the other said shell at a location between the second inlet and that end of the casing remote from the first inlet,
a first, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the first inlet, said impeller including blades of one hand,
a second, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the second inlet said impeller including blades of the opposite hand to those of the first impeller,
a shaft coupling the motor to the impellers, an
3 4 a heating unit disposed intermediate the impellers a second fan impeller spaced axially of the casing and including from the first fan impeller and carried by said one a frame assembly incorpor ting shell independently of said second shell,
a havihg a (hammer equal to that of the ihte the first and second fan impellers being arranged to of the and 5 produce opposed air flows within the casing,
heater elements mounted on the frame assembly. 2. In a blower device, an elongate hollow casing comprising a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and,
said casing defining a first air inlet at one end, and
a second air inlet intermediate the length of the casing,
driving means for the impellers carried by saidone a second substantially semi-cylindrical shell, I said shells mating at their longitudinal edges, Shell h h y of Sald secfmd Shell, and a first fan impeller located adjacent one end of the 531d (335mg havlhg an outlet for flows PfOduCed casing and carried by said first shell indepenby said fan impellers between the inlets. dently of said second shell,
Claims (2)
1. A hair dryer comprising an elongate hollow cylindrical casing including a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and a second substantially semi-cylindrical shell, said casing defining a first air inlet at one end and a second air inlet intermediate the length of the casing, and an air outlet in the wall of one said shell intermediate the two inlets, a motor mounted in the other said shell at a location between the second inlet and that end of tHe casing remote from the first inlet, a first, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the first inlet, said impeller including blades of one hand, a second, axial flow, fan impeller mounted adjacent the second inlet said impeller including blades of the opposite hand to those of the first impeller, a shaft coupling the motor to the impellers, and a heating unit disposed intermediate the impellers and including a frame assembly incorporating a disc having a diameter equal to that of the interior of the casing, and heater elements mounted on the frame assembly.
2. In a blower device, an elongate hollow casing comprising a first substantially semi-cylindrical shell, and, a second substantially semi-cylindrical shell, said shells mating at their longitudinal edges, a first fan impeller located adjacent one end of the casing and carried by said first shell independently of said second shell, a second fan impeller spaced axially of the casing from the first fan impeller and carried by said one shell independently of said second shell, the first and second fan impellers being arranged to produce opposed air flows within the casing, said casing defining a first air inlet at one end, and a second air inlet intermediate the length of the casing, driving means for the impellers carried by said one shell independently of said second shell, and said casing having an outlet for air flows produced by said fan impellers between the inlets.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5578972A GB1452275A (en) | 1972-12-02 | 1972-12-02 | Flower devices |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3868495A true US3868495A (en) | 1975-02-25 |
Family
ID=10474890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US421112A Expired - Lifetime US3868495A (en) | 1972-12-02 | 1973-12-03 | Electric hair drying device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3868495A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1452275A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3981314A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1976-09-21 | Venus Electric Limited | Hair dryer |
| US4076032A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1978-02-28 | Empire Brushes, Inc. | Vented hair brush |
| US4192325A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1980-03-11 | Schick Incorporated | Hair styling appliance including improved bayonet fasteners for assembling same |
| US5868148A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 1999-02-09 | Conair Corporation | Hair styler |
| US6269549B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2001-08-07 | Conair Corporation | Device for drying hair |
| US6367483B1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-09 | Huang-Wen Chen | Hairdye comb |
| US20100008655A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-01-14 | Clint Tackitt | Hot air welding gun |
| US11213174B2 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-01-04 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Dryer |
| GB2566631B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-04-13 | Lions Innovations Ltd | Fan apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1153862B (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1987-01-21 | Gianfranco Conti | GLOBAL HOT AIR GENERATOR FOR GLASSES |
| GB2218737A (en) * | 1988-05-20 | 1989-11-22 | Flexibox Ltd | Machine drive coupling having fan blades |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1790283A (en) * | 1931-01-27 | Hair deieb | ||
| US1883972A (en) * | 1931-01-29 | 1932-10-25 | Kunian | Hair drier |
| US2126581A (en) * | 1935-07-22 | 1938-08-09 | Samson United Corp | Drier |
| US2300475A (en) * | 1939-04-24 | 1942-11-03 | Edgar T Ward | Ventilating device |
| US2552470A (en) * | 1946-09-06 | 1951-05-08 | Electrolux Corp | Air circulator and heater |
| US2608441A (en) * | 1946-10-12 | 1952-08-26 | Fmc Corp | Spraying machine |
| US3308268A (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1967-03-07 | Laing Nikolaus | Portable hair dryers |
-
1972
- 1972-12-02 GB GB5578972A patent/GB1452275A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-12-03 US US421112A patent/US3868495A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1790283A (en) * | 1931-01-27 | Hair deieb | ||
| US1883972A (en) * | 1931-01-29 | 1932-10-25 | Kunian | Hair drier |
| US2126581A (en) * | 1935-07-22 | 1938-08-09 | Samson United Corp | Drier |
| US2300475A (en) * | 1939-04-24 | 1942-11-03 | Edgar T Ward | Ventilating device |
| US2552470A (en) * | 1946-09-06 | 1951-05-08 | Electrolux Corp | Air circulator and heater |
| US2608441A (en) * | 1946-10-12 | 1952-08-26 | Fmc Corp | Spraying machine |
| US3308268A (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1967-03-07 | Laing Nikolaus | Portable hair dryers |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3981314A (en) * | 1975-09-25 | 1976-09-21 | Venus Electric Limited | Hair dryer |
| US4076032A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1978-02-28 | Empire Brushes, Inc. | Vented hair brush |
| US4192325A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1980-03-11 | Schick Incorporated | Hair styling appliance including improved bayonet fasteners for assembling same |
| US5868148A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 1999-02-09 | Conair Corporation | Hair styler |
| US6269549B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2001-08-07 | Conair Corporation | Device for drying hair |
| US6367483B1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-09 | Huang-Wen Chen | Hairdye comb |
| US20100008655A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-01-14 | Clint Tackitt | Hot air welding gun |
| GB2566631B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-04-13 | Lions Innovations Ltd | Fan apparatus |
| US11213174B2 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-01-04 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Dryer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1452275A (en) | 1976-10-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FCF LIMITED 145 STERTEK ROAD, DORSET BH15 2AF, ENG Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FIRTH CLEVELAND LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004190/0575 Effective date: 19830816 |