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US3853437A - Split cycle cryogenic cooler with rotary compressor - Google Patents

Split cycle cryogenic cooler with rotary compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3853437A
US3853437A US00407764A US40776473A US3853437A US 3853437 A US3853437 A US 3853437A US 00407764 A US00407764 A US 00407764A US 40776473 A US40776473 A US 40776473A US 3853437 A US3853437 A US 3853437A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
ports
rotary compressor
rotor
pressure pulses
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00407764A
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S Horn
B Walters
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United States Department of the Army
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United States Department of the Army
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Priority to US00407764A priority Critical patent/US3853437A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C25/00—Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • the rotary compressor employs a novel modified Wankel-type mechanism in which two adjacent chamber regions are shorted to the crankcase of the device or to a bypass volume while the third chamber region develops the pressure pulses which are communicated to the free displacer by means of a valveless line.
  • a remote cooler having a cold head for cooling an infrared detector and utilizing a free displacer is completely described in the above noted application Ser. No. 279,145 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,187.
  • the invention described in the instant application utilizes a similar free displacer and incorporates a novel Wankel-type mechanism for developing modulated pressure or pressure pulses in a working gas, such as helium, between this mechanism and the remote free displacer which cause the free displacer to reciprocate and produce net refrigeration by the process described in the incorporated reference.
  • FIG. 1 shows. the combination of the rotary compressor and the remotely located free displacer
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary compressor
  • FIG. 3 is a top view and cut-away of the compressor of FIG. 2 showing the gearing and porting arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows the rotary compressor 10, the remote cooler 11 with a free displacer therein and having-a cold head 12 and a connecting tube 13 through which the pressure waves generated by the compressor travel.
  • the compressor consists of a housing made up of a motor housing and the rotor housing 21.
  • the motor housing contains an electric motor 22 and is sealed by end cap 23.
  • a keyed drive shaft 24 is joined to a keyed rotorshaft 25 by a balancing sleeve 26, located in crankcase 27; which sleeve provides dynamic balance to the system made necessary by the epitrochoidal motion of the rotor 28. Needle bearings 29 support the rotor shaft 25.
  • a purging port 40 which permits the compressor to be purged and filled with a working gas such as helium.
  • the chamber 33 carrying the rotor 28 therein, is formed by a two-lobed epitrochoid, peritrochoid or is generated by several arcs.
  • the rotor 28 having three sides and being generated from epitrochoid, peritrochoid, coordinate transformation or from arcs, divides the chamber volume 33 into three regions.
  • Each of the vertices of the rotor retains a wiper seal 43 made of dry lubricated material such as graphite-type plastic called Dupont Vespel. This results in a compressor that is dry lubricated and thus free of condensible gases which might otherwise impair the operation of the cooler section.
  • three ports 30, 31 and 32 are located in the chamber 33 and are 'angularly' spaced apart. As was noted before, two adjacent ports and 31 are shorted to the crankcase 27 or to some other reservoir volume as would be appropriate to a particular design. This prevents gas compression on one side of the compressor chamber 33.
  • the port 32 is located in that region of the chamber wherein the pressure waves are developed. The waves are transmitted through this port to the remote cooler 11 via the connecting tube 13.
  • the drive means for the rotor 28 comprises a ring gear 41 positioned centrally of the rotor and the bearing 29 and a spur gear 42 centrally fixed in the chamber volume 33; which gear 42 engages the ring gear 41.
  • the drive shaft 24, powered by the motor 22, passes axially through the spur gear 42 and carries an eccentric lobe 44 which engages the rotor 28. As the driveshaft 24 is turned, 'it drives the rotor in an epitrochoidal path.
  • a rotary compressor for generating pressure pulses comprising:
  • a rotor positioned in said chamber and coupled to a drive means for rotating said rotor in said chamber in an epitrochoidal path, said rotor having three arcuate sides and dividing said chamber into three volume regions as it revolves;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A rotary compressor providing modulated pressure pulses to a remotely located free displacer. The rotary compressor employs a novel modified Wankel-type mechanism in which two adjacent chamber regions are shorted to the crankcase of the device or to a bypass volume while the third chamber region develops the pressure pulses which are communicated to the free displacer by means of a valveless line.

Description

tates Horn et al.
[ 1 Dec. 10, 1974 SPLIT CYCLE CRYOGENIC COOLER WITH ROTARY COMPRESSOR [75] Inventors: Stuart B. Horn, Fairfax; Buford T. Walters, Woodbridge, both of Va.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC.
[22] Filed: Oct. 18, 1973 [21] Appl. No.1 407,764
52 U.S. c1. 418/61, 62/6 [51 Int. Cl. F016 1/02 [58] Field 6: Search 62/6; 418/61 A [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,426,525 2/1969 Rubin 62/6 3,509,718 5/1970 Fezer 62/6 3,647,327 3/1972 Manthey. 418/61 3,765,187 10/1973 Horn 62/6 Primary Examiner-Williati1 J. Wye I Attorney, Agent, or FirmNathan Edelberg; Milton W. Lee; T. Major 57] ABSTRACT A rotary compressor providing modulated pressure pulses to a remotely located free displacer. The rotary compressor employs a novel modified Wankel-type mechanism in which two adjacent chamber regions are shorted to the crankcase of the device or to a bypass volume while the third chamber region develops the pressure pulses which are communicated to the free displacer by means of a valveless line.
2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures.
PAIENIED M 3.85%437 FIG. 2
SPLIT CYCLE CRYOGENIC COOLER WITH ROTARY COMPRESSOR The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recent years have seen a great deal of effort directed to the development of cryogenic coolers for use with infrared detectors. Since these detectors must undergo rapid scanning motion for area surveillance, a cooler including a cold head of low mass remotely located from the compressor is a necessity. A review of a number of cryogenic devices and techniques can be found in application Ser. No. 279,145 of Stuart B. Horn now U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,187.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A remote cooler having a cold head for cooling an infrared detector and utilizing a free displacer is completely described in the above noted application Ser. No. 279,145 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,187. The invention described in the instant application utilizes a similar free displacer and incorporates a novel Wankel-type mechanism for developing modulated pressure or pressure pulses in a working gas, such as helium, between this mechanism and the remote free displacer which cause the free displacer to reciprocate and produce net refrigeration by the process described in the incorporated reference.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows. the combination of the rotary compressor and the remotely located free displacer; 7
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary compressor;
FIG. 3 is a top view and cut-away of the compressor of FIG. 2 showing the gearing and porting arrangement.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows the rotary compressor 10, the remote cooler 11 with a free displacer therein and having-a cold head 12 and a connecting tube 13 through which the pressure waves generated by the compressor travel.
Turning to FIG. 2, a cross-section of the compressor can be seen. The compressor consists of a housing made up of a motor housing and the rotor housing 21. The motor housing contains an electric motor 22 and is sealed by end cap 23. A keyed drive shaft 24 is joined to a keyed rotorshaft 25 by a balancing sleeve 26, located in crankcase 27; which sleeve provides dynamic balance to the system made necessary by the epitrochoidal motion of the rotor 28. Needle bearings 29 support the rotor shaft 25.
carries a purging port 40 which permits the compressor to be purged and filled with a working gas such as helium.
Turning to FIG. 3, the details of the novel compressor can be seen. The chamber 33, carrying the rotor 28 therein, is formed by a two-lobed epitrochoid, peritrochoid or is generated by several arcs.
The rotor 28 having three sides and being generated from epitrochoid, peritrochoid, coordinate transformation or from arcs, divides the chamber volume 33 into three regions. Each of the vertices of the rotor retains a wiper seal 43 made of dry lubricated material such as graphite-type plastic called Dupont Vespel. This results in a compressor that is dry lubricated and thus free of condensible gases which might otherwise impair the operation of the cooler section.
As can be seen here, three ports 30, 31 and 32 are located in the chamber 33 and are 'angularly' spaced apart. As was noted before, two adjacent ports and 31 are shorted to the crankcase 27 or to some other reservoir volume as would be appropriate to a particular design. This prevents gas compression on one side of the compressor chamber 33.
The port 32 is located in that region of the chamber wherein the pressure waves are developed. The waves are transmitted through this port to the remote cooler 11 via the connecting tube 13.
The drive means for the rotor 28 comprises a ring gear 41 positioned centrally of the rotor and the bearing 29 and a spur gear 42 centrally fixed in the chamber volume 33; which gear 42 engages the ring gear 41. The drive shaft 24, powered by the motor 22, passes axially through the spur gear 42 and carries an eccentric lobe 44 which engages the rotor 28. As the driveshaft 24 is turned, 'it drives the rotor in an epitrochoidal path.
course, that the pressure waves and free displacer rnotion are properly phased to achieve the desired results.
While just one embodiment of the invention is herein disclosed it is to be understood that many modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention which is to be limited only by the following claims.
We claim:
1. A rotary compressor for generating pressure pulses comprising:
a two-lobed chamber;
a rotor positioned in said chamber and coupled to a drive means for rotating said rotor in said chamber in an epitrochoidal path, said rotor having three arcuate sides and dividing said chamber into three volume regions as it revolves;
three ports located in said chamber;
one of said ports, utilize as an output port far said pressure pulses, being located substantially at a perigee of the two-lobed chamber in a region in which said pressure pulses are developed; and with one of each of the other two remaining ports being located respectively in each lobe of the chamber; and I 2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein said common volume means comprises a crank case adjacent said,
chamber with which said two remaining ports communicate and are thereby shorted to prevent said pressure mon volume means to. prevent pressure increase in 5 increase.
the regions of these two remaining ports.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary compressor for generating pressure pulses comprising: a two-lobed chamber; a rotor positioned in said chamber and coupled to a drive means for rotating said rotor in said chamber in an epitrochoidal path, said rotor having three arcuate sides and dividing said chamber into three volume regions as it revolves; three ports located in said chamber; one of said ports, utilize as an output port far said pressure pulses, being located substantially at a perigee of the twolobed chamber in a region in which said pressure pulses are developed; and with one of each of the other two remaining ports being located respectively in each lobe of the chamber; and the two remaining ports being angularly spaced about said one of said ports with one of each of the remaining ports being located respectively in each lobe of the chamber and being shorted to a common volume means to prevent pressure increase in the regions of these two remaining ports.
2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein said common volume means comprises a crank case adjacent said chamber with which said two remaining ports communicate and are thereby shorted to prevent said pressure increase.
US00407764A 1973-10-18 1973-10-18 Split cycle cryogenic cooler with rotary compressor Expired - Lifetime US3853437A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2700522A1 (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-07-13 Borsig Gmbh ENCAPSULATED ROTARY PISTON COMPRESSOR, IN PARTICULAR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR
US4245477A (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-01-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Internal heater module for cryogenic refrigerators and Stirling heat engines
EP0041518A1 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-12-16 MARSH, Mervyn Roy Drive transmission means
US4306419A (en) * 1980-10-14 1981-12-22 Aeroflex Laboratories Incorporated Brushless DC motor driven cryogenic refrigeration system
FR2603690A1 (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-11 Raytheon Co CRYOGENIC EXPANSION DEVICE HAVING NO FRICTION SEAL AND MOVING MEMBER FOR USE THEREIN
US4852356A (en) * 1986-05-27 1989-08-01 Ice Cryogenic Engineering Ltd. Cryogenic cooler
US4862695A (en) * 1986-11-05 1989-09-05 Ice Cryogenic Engineering Ltd. Split sterling cryogenic cooler
US6014791A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-01-18 Soundesign, L.L.C. Quiet vacuum cleaner using a vacuum pump with a lobed chamber
US6109040A (en) * 1999-04-12 2000-08-29 General Pneumatics Corporation Stirling cycle refrigerator or engine employing the rotary wankel mechanism
US6347524B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2002-02-19 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus using stirling cooler system and methods of use
US6532749B2 (en) 1999-09-22 2003-03-18 The Coca-Cola Company Stirling-based heating and cooling device
US6550255B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-04-22 The Coca-Cola Company Stirling refrigeration system with a thermosiphon heat exchanger
US6581389B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-06-24 The Coca-Cola Company Merchandiser using slide-out stirling refrigeration deck
US6675588B2 (en) 1999-10-05 2004-01-13 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus using stirling cooler system and methods of use
US20190003307A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-01-03 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Internal combustion engine with rotor having offset peripheral surface

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426525A (en) * 1967-08-10 1969-02-11 Gotthard G Rubin Rotary piston external combustion engine
US3509718A (en) * 1967-08-25 1970-05-05 Krupp Gmbh Hot gas machine
US3647327A (en) * 1968-10-05 1972-03-07 Krupp Gmbh Circular piston internal combustion machine with reduced short circuit flow
US3765187A (en) * 1972-08-09 1973-10-16 Us Army Pneumatic stirling cycle cooler with non-contaminating compressor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426525A (en) * 1967-08-10 1969-02-11 Gotthard G Rubin Rotary piston external combustion engine
US3509718A (en) * 1967-08-25 1970-05-05 Krupp Gmbh Hot gas machine
US3647327A (en) * 1968-10-05 1972-03-07 Krupp Gmbh Circular piston internal combustion machine with reduced short circuit flow
US3765187A (en) * 1972-08-09 1973-10-16 Us Army Pneumatic stirling cycle cooler with non-contaminating compressor

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2700522A1 (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-07-13 Borsig Gmbh ENCAPSULATED ROTARY PISTON COMPRESSOR, IN PARTICULAR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR
US4245477A (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-01-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Internal heater module for cryogenic refrigerators and Stirling heat engines
EP0041518A1 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-12-16 MARSH, Mervyn Roy Drive transmission means
EP0041518A4 (en) * 1979-12-10 1984-03-01 Mervyn Roy Marsh Drive transmission means.
US4306419A (en) * 1980-10-14 1981-12-22 Aeroflex Laboratories Incorporated Brushless DC motor driven cryogenic refrigeration system
US4852356A (en) * 1986-05-27 1989-08-01 Ice Cryogenic Engineering Ltd. Cryogenic cooler
FR2603690A1 (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-11 Raytheon Co CRYOGENIC EXPANSION DEVICE HAVING NO FRICTION SEAL AND MOVING MEMBER FOR USE THEREIN
US4862695A (en) * 1986-11-05 1989-09-05 Ice Cryogenic Engineering Ltd. Split sterling cryogenic cooler
US6014791A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-01-18 Soundesign, L.L.C. Quiet vacuum cleaner using a vacuum pump with a lobed chamber
US6168405B1 (en) 1998-02-09 2001-01-02 Soundesign, L.L.C. Wankel type pump for transporting fluid with entrained particulate matter
US6109040A (en) * 1999-04-12 2000-08-29 General Pneumatics Corporation Stirling cycle refrigerator or engine employing the rotary wankel mechanism
US6347524B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2002-02-19 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus using stirling cooler system and methods of use
US6378313B2 (en) 1999-09-22 2002-04-30 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus using Stirling cooler system and methods of use
US6532749B2 (en) 1999-09-22 2003-03-18 The Coca-Cola Company Stirling-based heating and cooling device
US6675588B2 (en) 1999-10-05 2004-01-13 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus using stirling cooler system and methods of use
US6550255B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-04-22 The Coca-Cola Company Stirling refrigeration system with a thermosiphon heat exchanger
US6581389B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2003-06-24 The Coca-Cola Company Merchandiser using slide-out stirling refrigeration deck
US20190003307A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-01-03 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Internal combustion engine with rotor having offset peripheral surface
US10605084B2 (en) * 2016-07-08 2020-03-31 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Internal combustion engine with rotor having offset peripheral surface

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