US3839011A - Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability - Google Patents
Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability Download PDFInfo
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- US3839011A US3839011A US00384200A US38420073A US3839011A US 3839011 A US3839011 A US 3839011A US 00384200 A US00384200 A US 00384200A US 38420073 A US38420073 A US 38420073A US 3839011 A US3839011 A US 3839011A
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- raney
- metal
- alloy
- aluminum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F2009/0804—Dispersion in or on liquid, other than with sieves
- B22F2009/0812—Pulverisation with a moving liquid coolant stream, by centrifugally rotating stream
Definitions
- nickel alloys containing nickel in the range of about 25 percent to about 70 percent by weight with the balance being essentially aluminum or other alkali soluble metal can be leached with caustic solutions, e.g., aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide to provide masses of highly catalytically reactive nickelferrous material.
- caustic solutions e.g., aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide
- Other catalytically active metals can be produced by essentially the same process.
- aluminum-rich binary alloys of silver, iron, cobalt, copper as well as more'complex alloys, e.g., aluminumiron-nickel or aluminum-cobalt nickel rich in aluminum can be leached with caustic to give catalytically active metal masses.
- Raney alloys For purposes of this specification and claims all such alloys will be called Raney alloys and the present invention is pertinent to all of them even though particular reference will be with respect to Raney nickel alloy.
- the residue after caustic leaching will be identified as Raney metal" e.g., Raney nickel.
- Raney metal is often required to be in a form of a coating on small particles of Raney metal alloy so that it can be used as a catalyst in either a fixed or a fluid bed.
- Raney nickel has been cast in massive form and has been broken up and ground to a desired particle size.
- This prior process has two disadvantages. The metals of the Raney alloy can segregate during casting and thus give non-uniformity in the casting. Secondly, substantial power is required to break up and grind the cast alloy.
- Raney metal alloy in a form which can immediately be leached to provide a useful catalyst product and which if necessary, can be ground to any required fineness.
- the present invention contemplates water-shattered Raney metal alloy having a mechanical structure comprising for the most part loosely agregated laminae (layers) less than about 0.2 centimeters (cm) thick, folded and convoluted to irregularly shaped masses having a high proportion of internal voids in communication with the exterior surfaces and having, in a fraction screened to pass through a 2 cm mesh and to be retained on a 0.3 cm mesh, a tapped bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).
- This product is characterized by extreme ease of fragmentation (i.e., it is extremely friable) and by good catalytic activity when leached with aqueous caustics.
- the Raney metal alloy is melted and is poured at a superheat of at least about 50 in centigrade units in a molten stream through an essentially horizontally flowing stream of water. It is essential that the water be flowing at a minimum velocity to shatter the Raney metal alloy because mere quenching from the liquid state is reported to result in a product which is very hard and difficult to break up. Assuming a metal pouring rate of about 1.5 kg/second in a thin stream and a roughly rectangular stream 1.6 cm thick by 6.35 cmwide a minimum water flow rate of 350 liters per minute is necessary to provide the shattered, fragmented structure of the present invention.
- Raney metal alloy suitable for use in providing the structure of the present invention advantageously, contains about 25 percent to about 65 percent by weight of catalytic metal from the group of nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, silver and mixtures thereof with the balance apart from impurities, incidental elements and promotors and promotor precursors being aluminum. Normally, it is advantageous to use about equal parts by weight of catalytic metal and aluminum with impurities, incidental elements and promoting ingredients, if any, being limited in total to, at most, about 5 percent by weight of the composition.
- Table 1 contains melting point and pouring temperature data as to examples of Raney metal alloy amenable to being produced as the product of the present invention.
- Alloy includes 10% aluminum
- catalyst promoters or modifiers small amounts of alkaline earth metals, e.g., calcium, barium or the like, thorium vanadium, chromium, molybdenum or similar elements known in the metallic or oxidic forms to promote particular catalytic activity can be included in the Raney metal alloys useful as the product of the present invention.
- small amounts of inert metal e.g., copper in nickel catalysts or nickel in silver catalysts can be used either alone or in combination with promoters to appropriately modify the Raney catalyst produced by leaching the product of the present invention.
- the catalytic metal e.g., nickel
- the alkali soluble metal e.g., aluminum
- the alkali soluble metal is melted and the catalytic metal is added and dissolved in the melt. Any modifying ingredient can then. be added.
- the molten alloy is then poured in a thin stream into a flowing stream of water. Using the rectangular, essentially horizontally flowing water stream described hereinbefore and a flow of molten metal of about 1.5 kg/sec a water flow rate of about 850 liters per minute produces excellent product.
- a 24 kilogram heat of the alloy of Example 5 was made by melting nickel, pouring the molten nickel into a ladle and adding aluminum. The molten alloy was then poured into a preheated tundish which directed the metal stream into a horizontally flowing water stream about 1.6 cm thick by about 6.4 cm wide flowing at a rate of about 750 to about 950 liters per minute. The metal passed through the tundish nozzle at a rate of about 1.5 kilogram/second. Metal temperature was approximately 1,480C. and the water temperature was about 40C. The product produced is depicted in the drawing which shows a water fragmented, highly friable alloy of high surface area of low bulk density.
- the individual particles of the alloy are composed essentially of laminae convoluted and folded to provide a high specific surface area.
- the Raney metal produced from the Raney metal alloy product of the present invention exhibits high catalytic activity for hydrogenation and other reactions.
- the product is also readily ground to whatever size is required.
- a Raney metal alloy product comprising water shattered particles each consisting essentially of thin, convoluted and folded laminae having internal voids in communication with the particle surface said particles being characterized by a tapped bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter and consisting of about 25 percent to about 65 percent by weight of a catalytic metal from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt copper, silver and mixtures thereof with the balance, apartfrom impurities, incidental elements and promoting ingredients, being an alkalisoluble metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, silicon and mixtures thereof.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A water shattered Raney alloy characterized by a readily crushable mechanical structure comprising for the most part loosely agregated lamenae, convoluted and folded to irregularly shaped masses.
Description
United States Patent Larson, Jr. Oct. 1, 1974 [54] NICKEL-ALUMINUM PARTICLE WITH 3,418,258 12/1968 Ackermann 252/477 0 X IMPROVED GRINDABILITY 3,527,596 9/1970 Butterfield 264/11 X 3,691,103 9/1972 Csuros et al. 252/477 0 X Inventor: Floyd Gotthard Larson, J 3,725,036 4/1973 Ehrreich et al 75/.5 AB
Ringwood, NJ.
[73] Assignee: The International Nickel Company,
Inc New York, Primary ExammerL. Dewayne Rutledge Assistant ExaminerArthur J. Steiner [22] Filed: July 31, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 384,200
52 us. Cl 7s/0.s BA, 75/05 c, 252/477 Q [57] ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl B22f 9/100 58 Field of Search 75/. 5 c, .5 B, .5 BA, .5 BB; A water shattered Raney alloy characterized y 264/11; 252/477 Q readily crushable mechanical structure comprising for the most part loosely agregated lamenae, convoluted [56] R f n Cit d and folded to irregularly shaped masses.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,126,273 3/1964 Justi et al. 75/0.5 B 4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure NICKEL-ALUMINUM PARTICLE WITH IMPROVED GRINDABILITY The present invention is concerned with Raney metal and, more particularly, with Raney nickel alloy.
lt is known that nickel alloys containing nickel in the range of about 25 percent to about 70 percent by weight with the balance being essentially aluminum or other alkali soluble metal can be leached with caustic solutions, e.g., aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide to provide masses of highly catalytically reactive nickelferrous material. Other catalytically active metals can be produced by essentially the same process. For example, aluminum-rich binary alloys of silver, iron, cobalt, copper as well as more'complex alloys, e.g., aluminumiron-nickel or aluminum-cobalt nickel rich in aluminum can be leached with caustic to give catalytically active metal masses. For purposes of this specification and claims all such alloys will be called Raney alloys and the present invention is pertinent to all of them even though particular reference will be with respect to Raney nickel alloy. The residue after caustic leaching will be identified as Raney metal" e.g., Raney nickel.
In industrial use, Raney metal is often required to be in a form of a coating on small particles of Raney metal alloy so that it can be used as a catalyst in either a fixed or a fluid bed. Heretofore Raney nickel has been cast in massive form and has been broken up and ground to a desired particle size. This prior process has two disadvantages. The metals of the Raney alloy can segregate during casting and thus give non-uniformity in the casting. Secondly, substantial power is required to break up and grind the cast alloy.
It is an object of the present invention to provide Raney metal alloy in a form which can immediately be leached to provide a useful catalyst product and which if necessary, can be ground to any required fineness.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawing which depicts the product of the present invention.
Generally speaking the present invention contemplates water-shattered Raney metal alloy having a mechanical structure comprising for the most part loosely agregated laminae (layers) less than about 0.2 centimeters (cm) thick, folded and convoluted to irregularly shaped masses having a high proportion of internal voids in communication with the exterior surfaces and having, in a fraction screened to pass through a 2 cm mesh and to be retained on a 0.3 cm mesh, a tapped bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc). This product is characterized by extreme ease of fragmentation (i.e., it is extremely friable) and by good catalytic activity when leached with aqueous caustics.
ln manufacturing the product of the present invention the Raney metal alloy is melted and is poured at a superheat of at least about 50 in centigrade units in a molten stream through an essentially horizontally flowing stream of water. It is essential that the water be flowing at a minimum velocity to shatter the Raney metal alloy because mere quenching from the liquid state is reported to result in a product which is very hard and difficult to break up. Assuming a metal pouring rate of about 1.5 kg/second in a thin stream and a roughly rectangular stream 1.6 cm thick by 6.35 cmwide a minimum water flow rate of 350 liters per minute is necessary to provide the shattered, fragmented structure of the present invention.
Raney metal alloy suitable for use in providing the structure of the present invention advantageously, contains about 25 percent to about 65 percent by weight of catalytic metal from the group of nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, silver and mixtures thereof with the balance apart from impurities, incidental elements and promotors and promotor precursors being aluminum. Normally, it is advantageous to use about equal parts by weight of catalytic metal and aluminum with impurities, incidental elements and promoting ingredients, if any, being limited in total to, at most, about 5 percent by weight of the composition. Table 1 contains melting point and pouring temperature data as to examples of Raney metal alloy amenable to being produced as the product of the present invention.
Alloy includes 10% aluminum Any of the exemplifying alloys of Table I can be modified by inclusion of catalyst promoters or modifiers. For example, small amounts of alkaline earth metals, e.g., calcium, barium or the like, thorium vanadium, chromium, molybdenum or similar elements known in the metallic or oxidic forms to promote particular catalytic activity can be included in the Raney metal alloys useful as the product of the present invention. Likewise, small amounts of inert metal, e.g., copper in nickel catalysts or nickel in silver catalysts can be used either alone or in combination with promoters to appropriately modify the Raney catalyst produced by leaching the product of the present invention.
In manufacturing the product of the present invention the catalytic metal, e.g., nickel, is melted and the alkali soluble metal, e.g., aluminum is added, due care being taken in view of exothermic reaction of the metals. Alternatively, the alkali soluble metal is melted and the catalytic metal is added and dissolved in the melt. Any modifying ingredient can then. be added. The molten alloy is then poured in a thin stream into a flowing stream of water. Using the rectangular, essentially horizontally flowing water stream described hereinbefore and a flow of molten metal of about 1.5 kg/sec a water flow rate of about 850 liters per minute produces excellent product. Slower flow of water is not desirable because under those conditions water is likely to be entrapped in bubble-like particles rendering drying difficult. At water flow rates below about 350 liters per minute effective metal shattering is not readily achieved. The water temperature is not critical, no effect being noticed because of water temperature variation in the range of about 27C. to about 65C.
In order to give those skilled in the art a better understanding of the invention the following specific description is given. A 24 kilogram heat of the alloy of Example 5 was made by melting nickel, pouring the molten nickel into a ladle and adding aluminum. The molten alloy was then poured into a preheated tundish which directed the metal stream into a horizontally flowing water stream about 1.6 cm thick by about 6.4 cm wide flowing at a rate of about 750 to about 950 liters per minute. The metal passed through the tundish nozzle at a rate of about 1.5 kilogram/second. Metal temperature was approximately 1,480C. and the water temperature was about 40C. The product produced is depicted in the drawing which shows a water fragmented, highly friable alloy of high surface area of low bulk density. The individual particles of the alloy are composed essentially of laminae convoluted and folded to provide a high specific surface area. Upon leaching with aqueous alkali, the Raney metal produced from the Raney metal alloy product of the present invention exhibits high catalytic activity for hydrogenation and other reactions. The product is also readily ground to whatever size is required.
Five samples of the water-shattered Raney metal alloy of the present invention screened to pass through a inch (about 1.9 cm) mesh screen with about 30 percent to 80 percent of the material passing through a A inch (about 0.635 cm) mesh screen exhibited tapped bulk densities of about 0.7 to 1.0 g/cc. A relatively coarse fraction passing through a 4 inch mesh screen and retained on a /2 inch (about 1.27 cm) mesh screen exhibited a tapped bulk density of about 0.6 g/cc whereas a fraction passing through a inch mesh screen gave a tapped bulk density of 1.0 Raney catalyst made by leaching Raney metal alloy of the present invention with caustic was tested for activity in the'hy drogenation of 2, 4-dinitrotoluene and was found to have commercially satisfactory activity.
Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the inven tion and appended claims.
I claim:
1. A Raney metal alloy product comprising water shattered particles each consisting essentially of thin, convoluted and folded laminae having internal voids in communication with the particle surface said particles being characterized by a tapped bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter and consisting of about 25 percent to about 65 percent by weight of a catalytic metal from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt copper, silver and mixtures thereof with the balance, apartfrom impurities, incidental elements and promoting ingredients, being an alkalisoluble metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, silicon and mixtures thereof.
2. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the alkali-soluble metal is aluminum.
3. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the catalytic metal is nickel.
4. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the alloy contains about 50 percent by weight of nickel and about 50 percent by weight of aluminum.
Claims (3)
- 2. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the alkali-soluble metal is aluminum.
- 3. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the catalytic metal is nickel.
- 4. A Raney metal alloy product as in claim 1 wherein the alloy contains about 50 percent by weight of nickel and about 50 percent by weight of aluminum.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00384200A US3839011A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1973-07-31 | Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability |
| CA191,889A CA1017169A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1974-02-06 | Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability |
| JP49076874A JPS5044995A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1974-07-04 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00384200A US3839011A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1973-07-31 | Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3839011A true US3839011A (en) | 1974-10-01 |
Family
ID=23516428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00384200A Expired - Lifetime US3839011A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1973-07-31 | Nickel-aluminum particle with improved grindability |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3839011A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5044995A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1017169A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4043946A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1977-08-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Production of supported Raney nickel catalysts by reactive diffusion |
| EP0437788A1 (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-24 | Bayer Ag | Process for preparing powdered aluminium alloys |
| WO1999028028A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-10 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Raney nickel catalysts, a method for producing said raney nickel catalysts and the use of the same for hydrogenating organic compounds |
| US6368996B1 (en) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-04-09 | China Petroleum Corporation | Hydrogenation catalyst and its preparation |
| US6589909B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-07-08 | Japan As Represented By Director General Of Ministry Of Education, Culture, Sports, Science And Technology National Research Institute For Metals | Process for producing catalyst for steam reforming of methanol |
| US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-09-21 | Degussa Ag | Raney copper |
| US20040199007A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2004-10-07 | Daniel Ostgard | Raney copper |
| US20090158890A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Arkady Garbar | Process of making metal nanoparticles |
| US20100174116A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-07-08 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US20100185026A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-07-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US20100204517A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-08-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US20100249460A1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2010-09-30 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Fast Filtering Powder Catalytic Mixtures |
| US8735635B2 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2014-05-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process for making 1, 2-propane diol from hydrogenation of glycerol |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3300799A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Method and catalyst for producing 1,4-butanediol |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3126273A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Process for producing a brittle | ||
| US3418258A (en) * | 1964-02-18 | 1968-12-24 | Basf Ag | Production of highly active metals of the iron group |
| US3527596A (en) * | 1967-04-27 | 1970-09-08 | Celotex Corp | Porous zinc granules |
| US3691103A (en) * | 1969-03-25 | 1972-09-12 | Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia | Process for the preparation of a non-pyrophoric nickel skeleton catalyst |
| US3725036A (en) * | 1971-03-24 | 1973-04-03 | Graham Magnetics Inc | Process for making small particles |
-
1973
- 1973-07-31 US US00384200A patent/US3839011A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-02-06 CA CA191,889A patent/CA1017169A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-04 JP JP49076874A patent/JPS5044995A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3126273A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Process for producing a brittle | ||
| US3418258A (en) * | 1964-02-18 | 1968-12-24 | Basf Ag | Production of highly active metals of the iron group |
| US3527596A (en) * | 1967-04-27 | 1970-09-08 | Celotex Corp | Porous zinc granules |
| US3691103A (en) * | 1969-03-25 | 1972-09-12 | Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia | Process for the preparation of a non-pyrophoric nickel skeleton catalyst |
| US3725036A (en) * | 1971-03-24 | 1973-04-03 | Graham Magnetics Inc | Process for making small particles |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4043946A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1977-08-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Production of supported Raney nickel catalysts by reactive diffusion |
| EP0437788A1 (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-24 | Bayer Ag | Process for preparing powdered aluminium alloys |
| US5090997A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-02-25 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing powdered aluminum alloys |
| WO1999028028A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-10 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Raney nickel catalysts, a method for producing said raney nickel catalysts and the use of the same for hydrogenating organic compounds |
| KR100531703B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2005-11-29 | 바이엘 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Raney Nickel Catalysts, a Method for Producing Said Raney Nickel Catalysts and the Use of the Same for Hydrogenating Organic Compounds |
| US6368996B1 (en) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-04-09 | China Petroleum Corporation | Hydrogenation catalyst and its preparation |
| US7632967B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2009-12-15 | Degussa Ag | Raney copper |
| US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-09-21 | Degussa Ag | Raney copper |
| US20040199007A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2004-10-07 | Daniel Ostgard | Raney copper |
| US20040260120A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2004-12-23 | Daniel Ostgard | Raney copper |
| US20070270306A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2007-11-22 | Daniel Ostgard | Raney copper |
| US6589909B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-07-08 | Japan As Represented By Director General Of Ministry Of Education, Culture, Sports, Science And Technology National Research Institute For Metals | Process for producing catalyst for steam reforming of methanol |
| US20100174116A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-07-08 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US20100185026A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-07-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US20100204517A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-08-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated Base Metal Catalysts |
| US8889911B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2014-11-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated base metal catalysts |
| US8889910B2 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2014-11-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated base metal catalysts |
| US9643162B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2017-05-09 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Activated base metal catalysts |
| US20100249460A1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2010-09-30 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Fast Filtering Powder Catalytic Mixtures |
| US9108182B2 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2015-08-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Fast filtering powder catalytic mixtures |
| US20090158890A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Arkady Garbar | Process of making metal nanoparticles |
| US8101005B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2012-01-24 | Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd. | Process of making metal nanoparticles |
| US8735635B2 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2014-05-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process for making 1, 2-propane diol from hydrogenation of glycerol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5044995A (en) | 1975-04-22 |
| CA1017169A (en) | 1977-09-13 |
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