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US3833055A - Shell and tube heat exchanger - Google Patents

Shell and tube heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833055A
US3833055A US00274612A US27461272A US3833055A US 3833055 A US3833055 A US 3833055A US 00274612 A US00274612 A US 00274612A US 27461272 A US27461272 A US 27461272A US 3833055 A US3833055 A US 3833055A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
tube sheet
floating
tube
skirt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00274612A
Inventor
F Munz
R Naidel
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US00274612A priority Critical patent/US3833055A/en
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Publication of US3833055A publication Critical patent/US3833055A/en
Assigned to MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MORGAN BANK ( DELAWARE ) AS COLLATERAL ( AGENTS ) SEE RECORD FOR THE REMAINING ASSIGNEES. reassignment MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MORGAN BANK ( DELAWARE ) AS COLLATERAL ( AGENTS ) SEE RECORD FOR THE REMAINING ASSIGNEES. MORTGAGE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,, UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,, UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,, UNION CARBIDE EUROPE S.A., A SWISS CORP.
Assigned to UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, reassignment UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0236—Header boxes; End plates floating elements
    • F28F9/0239—Header boxes; End plates floating elements floating header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/053—Flexible or movable header or header element
    • Y10S165/054—Movable header, e.g. floating header
    • Y10S165/055—Movable header, e.g. floating header including guiding means for movable header
    • Y10S165/056—Fluid sealing means between movable header and enclosure

Definitions

  • Cl 165/82, 165/158, 165/173 floating tube sheet is located entirely outside of the 51] Int. Cl F28f 5/00 shell and is axially Spaced from the end thereof y an 581 Field 61 Search l65/157-16l, elongated metal Skirt extending from Within the shell 1 5 31 2 7 1 2 into contact with the carbonaceous floating tube sheet.
  • a packing material is used for seal- [56] R f n e i d ing while also permitting sliding motion of the metal UNITED STATES PATENTS skirt.
  • This invention relates to shell and tube type heat exhangers and particularly to heat exchangers of this type which have carbonaceous tubes.
  • Heat exchangers of this general class are commonly used for handling corniques have been suggested by the prior art.
  • One such method is to incorporate a bellows'inthe shell while having both tube sheets rigidly fixed to the shell ends such that the differential expansion between the tubes and the shell is taken up by the bellows.
  • the primary disadvantage of this technique is that it becomes very costly with large size heat exchangers.
  • the tube sheets are usually cemented to the tube ends and the tube sheets are rigidly attached to the shell ends, it is not possible to readily remove the tube bundle during periodic maintenance. Further it is not possible to easily inspect the shell side of the tube bundle because of the rigidly fixed tube sheets.
  • Another method of providing for differing rates of thermal expansion is to employ a floating tube sheet and cover assembly at the opposite end, the floating end parts being surrounded by shell side fluid and sealed within the shell. While this technique is useful, it is not entirely satisfactory in that it requires longer shells than would be required with an exchanger utilizing a bellows. it requires a separate closure for the floating end of the shell well as an extra gasketed joint for this closure. ln addition. any internal gasket leakage is hidden from view and thus mixing of the process liquids cannot be readily detected and the cuase isolated.
  • a significant disadvantage with an exchanger of this type is that it is difficult to readily inspect the shell side of the tubes for sealing or tube damage.
  • a shell and tube heat exchanger having a floating tube sheet which facilitates the easy inspection of the shell side of the tubes. which can be disassembled easily permitting all gaskets to be readily observed and replaced, which does not require an extra shell side closure for the shell end and which does not prevent the easy removal of the tube bundle.
  • a floating tube sheet type heat exchanger wherein the tube sheet is located entirely outside of the shell and is axially spaced from the end thereof.
  • the means for accomplishing this preferably comprises an elongated cylindrical metal skirt extending axially from within the shell into contact with the carbonaceous tube sheet.
  • a packing material is utilized for sealing while permitting sliding motion between the inside wall of the shell and the outside wall of the cylindrical metal skirt.
  • Clamping means are also employed for tightly holding the metal skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet so that the tube sheet and the skirt can float as a unit within the packing material.
  • a gasket is utilized between the contacting surfaces of the floating tube sheet and the elongated metal skirt. Since this gasket is located outside of the exchanger shell, it is relatively simple to change in the event of leakage.
  • FIGURE in the drawing is a sectional view in elevation of the cylindrical shell and tube heat exchanger of the inention.
  • the heat exchanger includes a cylindrical outer shell S containing a large number of graphite tubes T, the tubes being held in place and separated by a pair of graphite tube sheets and 12 to which the tubes are cemented.
  • the tube sheet 10 is rigidly attached to the shell S by bolts (notshown) passing through the flanges B.
  • the tube sheet 12 is not rigidly attached to the shell but instead is spaced axially from the shell end by means of an elongated cylindrical metal skirt 14 which extends axially from within the exchanger shell into contact with the inboard surface of the tube sheet 12.
  • the opposite end of metal skirt l4 slideably contacts an external packing material 16 which provides a seal between the shell and the ambient atmosphere.
  • a suitable packing material for this purpose is asbestos, graphite, teflon, etc.
  • the packing material also permits sliding motion between the inside wall of the shell S and the outside wall of the metal skirt l4.
  • Clamping means 18 is provided for tightly holding the skirt 14 in contact with the floating tube sheet 12.
  • This clamping means may consist of a split ring 17 which seats in a groove within the skirt 14.
  • the split ring 17 is engaged by a loose back-up ring 15 which is in turn bolted to cover flange 19.
  • the outer face of the floating tube sheet 12 is enclosed within a cover 20.
  • a gasket 22 is provided between the contacting surfaces of metal skirt l4 and tube sheet 12 to prevent leakage of shell side liquid. 7
  • clamping means including an ejnclosing metal cover of said heat exchanger for tightly holding the skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet, said metal cover being secured to said metal skirt whereby the floating tube sheet and skirtcan float axially as a unit within said packing material.
  • clamping means including an ejnclosing metal cover of said heat exchanger for tightly holding the skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet, said metal cover being secured to said metal skirt whereby the floating tube sheet and skirtcan float axially as a unit within said packing material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A shell and tube heat exchanger having a cylindrical shell and carbonaceous tubes held in place by a pair of carbonaceous tube sheets. According to the present invention, a fixed tube sheet is used at one end and a floating tube sheet is used at the opposite end. The floating tube sheet is located entirely outside of the shell and is axially spaced from the end thereof by an elongated metal skirt extending from within the shell into contact with the carbonaceous floating tube sheet. In addition, a packing material is used for sealing while also permitting sliding motion of the metal skirt. The metal skirt is held tightly in contact with the floating tube sheet by clamping means.

Description

O United States Patent 1 91 1111 3,833,055
Munz et al. Sept. 3, 1974 [5 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER 3,0l8,090 1/1962 Kaase et al. 165/76 x [75] Inventors: Frank G. Munz; Robert W. Naidel,
both f Lakewood, Ohio Primary Examiner-Manuel A. Antonakas Assistant ExaminerTheo hil W. Streule, Jr. [73] Assignee: gnitlln 138;)9 Corporation, New Attorney Agent, Hart Evans [22] Filed: July 24, 1972 57 ABSTRACT PP' N04 274,612 A shell and tube heat exchanger having a cylindrical Reated Application Data shell and carbonaceous tubes held in place by a pair of [63] Continuation bf Ser No 49 804 June 25 I970 carbonaceous tube sheets. According to the present abandoned invention, a fixed tube sheet is used at one end and a V V V V floating tube sheet is used at the opposite end. The [52] U.S. Cl 165/82, 165/158, 165/173 floating tube sheet is located entirely outside of the 51] Int. Cl F28f 5/00 shell and is axially Spaced from the end thereof y an 581 Field 61 Search l65/157-16l, elongated metal Skirt extending from Within the shell 1 5 31 2 7 1 2 into contact with the carbonaceous floating tube sheet. In addition, a packing material is used for seal- [56] R f n e i d ing while also permitting sliding motion of the metal UNITED STATES PATENTS skirt. The metal skirt is held tightly in contact with the 1 862 310 6/1932 HOW 165/158 floating tube Sheet by clamping means I 2,496,301 2/1950 Meixl 165/134 2 Claims 1 Drawing Figure 2,956,787 10/1960 Raub 165/82 a SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 49,804
filed June 25, 1970.
This invention relates to shell and tube type heat exhangers and particularly to heat exchangers of this type which have carbonaceous tubes. Heat exchangers of this general class are commonly used for handling corniques have been suggested by the prior art. One such method is to incorporate a bellows'inthe shell while having both tube sheets rigidly fixed to the shell ends such that the differential expansion between the tubes and the shell is taken up by the bellows. The primary disadvantage of this technique is that it becomes very costly with large size heat exchangers. In addition, and more importantly, since the tube sheets are usually cemented to the tube ends and the tube sheets are rigidly attached to the shell ends, it is not possible to readily remove the tube bundle during periodic maintenance. Further it is not possible to easily inspect the shell side of the tube bundle because of the rigidly fixed tube sheets.
Another method of providing for differing rates of thermal expansion is to employ a floating tube sheet and cover assembly at the opposite end, the floating end parts being surrounded by shell side fluid and sealed within the shell. While this technique is useful, it is not entirely satisfactory in that it requires longer shells than would be required with an exchanger utilizing a bellows. it requires a separate closure for the floating end of the shell well as an extra gasketed joint for this closure. ln addition. any internal gasket leakage is hidden from view and thus mixing of the process liquids cannot be readily detected and the cuase isolated. A significant disadvantage with an exchanger of this type is that it is difficult to readily inspect the shell side of the tubes for sealing or tube damage.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger having a floating tube sheet but which overcomes the abovementioned difficulties.
More specifically, it is an object to provide a shell and tube heat exchanger having a floating tube sheet which facilitates the easy inspection of the shell side of the tubes. which can be disassembled easily permitting all gaskets to be readily observed and replaced, which does not require an extra shell side closure for the shell end and which does not prevent the easy removal of the tube bundle.
The above objects, as well as others which will be apparent from the remaining specification and claims, is achieved according to the present invention by providing a floating tube sheet type heat exchanger wherein the tube sheet is located entirely outside of the shell and is axially spaced from the end thereof. The means for accomplishing this preferably comprises an elongated cylindrical metal skirt extending axially from within the shell into contact with the carbonaceous tube sheet. In addition, a packing material is utilized for sealing while permitting sliding motion between the inside wall of the shell and the outside wall of the cylindrical metal skirt. Clamping means are also employed for tightly holding the metal skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet so that the tube sheet and the skirt can float as a unit within the packing material. A gasket is utilized between the contacting surfaces of the floating tube sheet and the elongated metal skirt. Since this gasket is located outside of the exchanger shell, it is relatively simple to change in the event of leakage.
The sole FIGURE in the drawing is a sectional view in elevation of the cylindrical shell and tube heat exchanger of the inention.
As shown in the drawing, the heat exchanger includes a cylindrical outer shell S containing a large number of graphite tubes T, the tubes being held in place and separated by a pair of graphite tube sheets and 12 to which the tubes are cemented. The tube sheet 10 is rigidly attached to the shell S by bolts (notshown) passing through the flanges B. The tube sheet 12 is not rigidly attached to the shell but instead is spaced axially from the shell end by means of an elongated cylindrical metal skirt 14 which extends axially from within the exchanger shell into contact with the inboard surface of the tube sheet 12. The opposite end of metal skirt l4 slideably contacts an external packing material 16 which provides a seal between the shell and the ambient atmosphere. A suitable packing material for this purpose is asbestos, graphite, teflon, etc. The packing material also permits sliding motion between the inside wall of the shell S and the outside wall of the metal skirt l4. Clamping means 18 is provided for tightly holding the skirt 14 in contact with the floating tube sheet 12. This clamping means may consist of a split ring 17 which seats in a groove within the skirt 14. The split ring 17 is engaged by a loose back-up ring 15 which is in turn bolted to cover flange 19. The outer face of the floating tube sheet 12 is enclosed within a cover 20. A gasket 22 is provided between the contacting surfaces of metal skirt l4 and tube sheet 12 to prevent leakage of shell side liquid. 7
In operation, differential thermal expansion and contraction of the graphite tubes T with respect to the cylindrical shell S will be accommodated by axial movement of the floating tube sheet 12, clamped metal skirt l4. and cover 20 as shown by the arrows in drawing. Fluid leakage is prevented during this movement by the packing material 16.
In order to quickly inspect the shell side of the tubes, all that is required is to remove the bolts 13 holding the cover in position and thereafter sliding the back-up ring 15, split ring 17 and metal skirt l4 axially toward the fixed tube sheet 10, thereby exposing the tubes to visual inspection. lt should be noted that only gaskets 22 and 24 are required at the floating end and these are both exposed at all times for inspection and replacement whenever necessary.
In order to remove the entire tube bundle including both tube sheets, the same procedure as above described for tube inspection is carried out, followed by the removal of cover 26,. Thereafter the tubes with both tube sheets attached may be pulled out of the shell.
What is claimed is:
1. ln a shell and tube heat exchanger having a cylindrical outer shell and carbonaceous inner tubes held in place and separated by carbonaceous tube sheets, one
c. clamping means including an ejnclosing metal cover of said heat exchanger for tightly holding the skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet, said metal cover being secured to said metal skirt whereby the floating tube sheet and skirtcan float axially as a unit within said packing material. 2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further including a gasket seal outside of the exchanger shell between the contacting surfaces of the floating tube sheet and the elongated metal skirt.

Claims (2)

1. In a shell and tube heat exchanger having a cylindrical outer shell and carbonaceous inner tubes held in place and separated by carbonaceous tube sheets, one of said tube sheets being a floating vertical member tube sheet, adapted to slide axially with respect to the shell, the improvement comprising: a. the floating tube sheet located entirely outside of the shell and axially spaced from the end thereof by an elongated cylindrical metal skirt extending axially from within the shell and into contact with only the tube side of the tube sheet; b. packing material sealing and allowing sliding motion between the inside wall of the shell and the outside wall of the cylindrical metal skirt; and c. clamping means including an ejnclosing metal cover of said heat exchanger for tightly holding the skirt in contact with the floating tube sheet, said metal cover being secured to said metal skirt whereby the floating tube sheet and skirt can float axially as a unit within said packing material.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further including a gasket seal outside of the exchanger shell between the contacting surfaces of the floating tube sheet and the elongated metal skirt.
US00274612A 1970-06-25 1972-07-24 Shell and tube heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3833055A (en)

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US4980470A 1970-06-25 1970-06-25
US00274612A US3833055A (en) 1970-06-25 1972-07-24 Shell and tube heat exchanger

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086913A (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-05-02 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Solar heat collector construction
US4114684A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-09-19 General Electric Company Tube support system for heat exchanger
US4200061A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-04-29 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator for nuclear power plants, especially for pressurized water reactors
EP0011940A2 (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-06-11 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker pulse generator
US4244423A (en) * 1978-07-17 1981-01-13 Thut Bruno H Heat exchanger
US5101892A (en) * 1988-11-17 1992-04-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger
US5984001A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-11-16 Brown Fintube Company Tapered split ring shell closure
US20080041563A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2008-02-21 Graham Robert G Heat exchangers with novel ball joints and assemblies and processes using such heat exchangers

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1862310A (en) * 1930-09-05 1932-06-07 Struthers Wellstitusville Corp Heat exchanger
US2496301A (en) * 1944-02-16 1950-02-07 Howard Iron Works Inc Tube bundle assembly for heat exchangers and the like
US2956787A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger
US3018090A (en) * 1955-06-02 1962-01-23 Fintube Company Heat exchanger fittings

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1862310A (en) * 1930-09-05 1932-06-07 Struthers Wellstitusville Corp Heat exchanger
US2496301A (en) * 1944-02-16 1950-02-07 Howard Iron Works Inc Tube bundle assembly for heat exchangers and the like
US3018090A (en) * 1955-06-02 1962-01-23 Fintube Company Heat exchanger fittings
US2956787A (en) * 1957-05-28 1960-10-18 Union Carbide Corp Heat interchanger

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086913A (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-05-02 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Solar heat collector construction
US4114684A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-09-19 General Electric Company Tube support system for heat exchanger
US4200061A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-04-29 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator for nuclear power plants, especially for pressurized water reactors
US4244423A (en) * 1978-07-17 1981-01-13 Thut Bruno H Heat exchanger
EP0011940A2 (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-06-11 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker pulse generator
EP0011940A3 (en) * 1978-11-06 1981-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker pulse generator
US5101892A (en) * 1988-11-17 1992-04-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger
US5984001A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-11-16 Brown Fintube Company Tapered split ring shell closure
US20080041563A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2008-02-21 Graham Robert G Heat exchangers with novel ball joints and assemblies and processes using such heat exchangers
US7762317B2 (en) * 2003-09-08 2010-07-27 Heat Transfer International, Inc. Heat exchangers with novel ball joints and assemblies and processes using such heat exchangers

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MOR

Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,;STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,;UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004547/0001

Effective date: 19860106

AS Assignment

Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION,

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:004665/0131

Effective date: 19860925