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US3830173A - Tuyere formed by cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube - Google Patents

Tuyere formed by cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube Download PDF

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US3830173A
US3830173A US00213140A US21314071A US3830173A US 3830173 A US3830173 A US 3830173A US 00213140 A US00213140 A US 00213140A US 21314071 A US21314071 A US 21314071A US 3830173 A US3830173 A US 3830173A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
tuyere
composite tube
percent
composite
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US00213140A
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D Hubble
J Yount
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United States Steel Corp
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Steel Corp
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Priority to BE792348D priority Critical patent/BE792348A/en
Application filed by Steel Corp filed Critical Steel Corp
Priority to US00213140A priority patent/US3830173A/en
Priority to BR006848/72A priority patent/BR7206848D0/en
Priority to DE2260953A priority patent/DE2260953A1/en
Priority to IT33005/72A priority patent/IT971954B/en
Priority to PL1972159799A priority patent/PL78928B1/pl
Priority to ES410083A priority patent/ES410083A1/en
Priority to FR7246442A priority patent/FR2169864B1/fr
Priority to CA159,989A priority patent/CA961754A/en
Priority to NL7217675A priority patent/NL7217675A/xx
Priority to GB5965872A priority patent/GB1416730A/en
Priority to JP1973005207U priority patent/JPS5518358Y2/ja
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Assigned to USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/10—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/303—Alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
    • Y10S118/10—Pipe and tube inside
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 266/41 A method of bondin h 11 d g a 1g ensity, low-porosity, [51] f 5/00 F161 9/14 Czlb 7/16 abrasion-resistant, ceramic liner in a metal tube, such [58] held of 6 1 4 ?f l?g5 'gb l3f as a tuyere or an oxygen lance.
  • the method comprises j applying a sodium silicate-refractory aggregate cement 161/207 266/34 110/1825 156/325 to one of the surfaces to be joined, and inserting the 294 liner in the tube.
  • the cement need not be dried, as it 5 6 R f does not run. Therefore, the tube can be used immedi- 1 UNTEI; s zfA g s ggENTs ately, even in high-temperature applications.
  • Oxygen is injected into the steelmaking furnace through the central tube of the tuyere, and a jacket gas, which can be an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen or a hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, methane or natural gas is injected through the annular space formed by the central and outer tubes.
  • a jacket gas which can be an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen or a hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, methane or natural gas is injected through the annular space formed by the central and outer tubes.
  • Such flux particles are entrained in oxygen and are blown either into the bath of molten metal through a tuyere in a bottom blown converter or onto the surface of the bath through an oxygen lance in a top blown converter.
  • the term tuyere is used in this specification to mean tuyere or lance.” These flux particles can cause early erosion of the tuyere. It is, therefore, desirable to include a liner of a low-porosity, high-density, abrasion-resistant ceramic material within the tuyere.
  • an alumina tube has been installed in the metal tube of the tuyere and bonded thereto with a colloidal silica adhesive.
  • This adhesive necessitated placing the colloidal silica under pressure.
  • the adhesive must have been completely dried before the tuyere was used. If the adhesive was not completely dried, this adhesive, which is a flowable material, would flow from between the ceramic liner and the metal tube, leaving the ceramic liner free to be blown into the furnace when the oxygen was turned on.
  • F l6. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a dual concentric tuyere taken along line 1-] of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dual concentric tuyere having a ceramic liner in the central tube of the tuyere, taken along line lI-ll of FIG. 1.
  • the drawings show a dual concentric tuyere which comprises a stainless steel outer tube 10 having nipples 12 which act as spacers, and stainless steel inner tube 13.
  • the inner tube has a ceramic liner 14 of a low po rosity, abrasion resistant ceramic material, such as alumina or mullite. These materials have a very low porosity approaching zero.
  • the liner is held in tube 12 by a layer of cement 16.
  • a cement which by weight consists essentially of about 1 to 10 percent alkali metal silicate mixture and 90 to 99 percent refractory aggregate.
  • the preferred range of alkali metal silicate is from 3 to 6 percent, the balance being refractory aggregate.
  • the preferred alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate, although we can use lithium or potassium silicate.
  • the ,Miwecmtent by weight ma ran 5 ercent, an t e silica content about 24 to percent, the
  • the sodium silicate is water soluble, and it may be either in powdered or liquid form, i.e., water glass.
  • the sodium silicate is mixed with an alumina-silica refracto agg regate, such as calcined clay, raw glay, kyanite, mul b u u i tures thereof.
  • the aggregate should have a thermal expansion that approximates that of the ceramic liner.
  • the particle size of the refractory aggregate must be 20 mesh and preferably will be l0O mesh.
  • the percentages of sodium silicate and aggregate are on a water free basis, that is, are measured prior to adding water to obtain a trowelable consistency.
  • Ceramic liner 14 is installed in tube 12 by applying an excess of the prepared cement to one of the two surfaces to be joined, that is, to the exterior surface of the ceramic liner or to the interior surface of the metal tube. The ceramic liner is then inserted into the tube in a manner to effect substantially complete contact of the cement with both of the surfaces being joined. We have found that insertion with a rotary motion will effect such substantially complete contact.
  • the consistency of the cement being such that it does not run, the tuyere may be used immediately after it is installed in a furnace, or the liner may even be installed in a tuyere which has already been installed in a fumace, and used immediately, even at high temperatures. However, inasmuch as there is no requirement that the tuyere be used immediately, it may first be dried, if desired.
  • the external diameter of the ceramic liner need not be within any particularly close tolerances.
  • the cement layer can be as thick as or even thicker than the thickness of the ceramic liner.
  • a composite tube comprising a metal tube, a highdensity, low-porosity, abrasion-resistant ceramic tube substantially concentric with said metal tube. a refractory cement layer between said tubes bonding said tubes together, said cement consisting essentially by weight of:
  • a composite tube according to claim 7 wherein said sodium silicate mixture has a sodium oxide content of from 22 to 32 percent and a silica content of from 50 to 60 percent.
  • a tuyere comprising:
  • / aggregate which has a particle size of about mesh and is selected from the group consisting of l j calcined clay, raw clay, kyanite, mullite, bauxite, J alumina and mixtures thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

A method of bonding a high density, low-porosity, abrasionresistant, ceramic liner in a metal tube, such as a tuyere or an oxygen lance. The method comprises applying a sodium silicaterefractory aggregate cement to one of the surfaces to be joined, and inserting the liner in the tube. The cement need not be dried, as it does not run. Therefore, the tube can be used immediately, even in high-temperature applications.

Description

- 8 4 AU 1 1 6 E X United States Patent 1191 [111 3,830,173 Hubble et al. Aug. 20, 1974 [54] TUYERE FORMED BY CEMENTING A 1.973.732 9 1934 Snell 106/84 CERAMIC LlNER [N A M L TUBE 2,065,389 12/1936 Nloh 'le 106/84 2,828,956 4/1958 Bieniosek et al. 266/41 [75] Invento Da d e y Hubble, Franklin; 3,036,929 5/1962 Kawashima C181 138/146 x Joseph George Yount, Jr., Plum 3,061,300 10/1962 Schultz 266/41 BOtOS, both Of Pa. 3,141,479 7/1964 Mickey 138/143 3,206,183 9/1965 Marwick 266/34 [73] Assigneez g atgd States Steel Corporation, 3,707,386 12/1972 Kurz 106/84 1 s urg a.
[22] Filed: 1971 Primary Examiner-Charles E. Van Horn 2 App], 2 3,14 Assistant Examiner-Robert A. Dawson Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ralph H. Dougherty [52] US. Cl 110/1825, 106/84, 106/313, 118/105, l18/DIG. 10, 138/141, 138/145, 138/146, 156/294, 156/325, 161/207, 266/34 [57] ABSTRACT 266/41 A method of bondin h 11 d g a 1g ensity, low-porosity, [51] f 5/00 F161 9/14 Czlb 7/16 abrasion-resistant, ceramic liner in a metal tube, such [58] held of 6 1 4 ?f l?g5 'gb l3f as a tuyere or an oxygen lance. The method comprises j applying a sodium silicate-refractory aggregate cement 161/207 266/34 110/1825 156/325 to one of the surfaces to be joined, and inserting the 294 liner in the tube. The cement need not be dried, as it 5 6 R f does not run. Therefore, the tube can be used immedi- 1 UNTEI; s zfA g s ggENTs ately, even in high-temperature applications.
1,749,642 3/1930 Mellor 106/313 X 14 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures iv v s \r n"\ v .H t II \fl l4 ,9 13 \r J I 12 /2 TUYERE FORMED BY CEMENTING A CERAMIC LINER IN A METAL TUBE ln bottom blown oxygen steelmaking processes, dual concentric tuyeres are often installed in a removable bottom which is then installed in a furnace prior to charging of a heat. The inner and outer tubes of the tuyere are usually made of stainless steel, but can be made from a number of other materials such as ordinary carbon steel, special alloy steels or even copper. Oxygen is injected into the steelmaking furnace through the central tube of the tuyere, and a jacket gas, which can be an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen or a hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, methane or natural gas is injected through the annular space formed by the central and outer tubes. When lime or other flux is to be injected with the oxygen, either in a bottom blown or a top blown process, it is desirable to provide a ceramic liner to prevent erosion of the central tube by granular particles of flux.
Such flux particles are entrained in oxygen and are blown either into the bath of molten metal through a tuyere in a bottom blown converter or onto the surface of the bath through an oxygen lance in a top blown converter. The term tuyere" is used in this specification to mean tuyere or lance." These flux particles can cause early erosion of the tuyere. It is, therefore, desirable to include a liner of a low-porosity, high-density, abrasion-resistant ceramic material within the tuyere.
Heretofore, in bottoms manufactured for the bottom blown oxygen steelmaking process, an alumina tube has been installed in the metal tube of the tuyere and bonded thereto with a colloidal silica adhesive. Use of this adhesive necessitated placing the colloidal silica under pressure. Further, the adhesive must have been completely dried before the tuyere was used. If the adhesive was not completely dried, this adhesive, which is a flowable material, would flow from between the ceramic liner and the metal tube, leaving the ceramic liner free to be blown into the furnace when the oxygen was turned on.
We have invented a method of cementing ceramic liners in metal tubes, which avoids the problems that were attendant with the prior method.
It is an object of our invention to provide a method of cementing ceramic liners in tuyeres after the tuyeres have been installed in a furnace bottom and the bottom has itself been installed in the furnace, and the parts are at a relatively high temperature.
it is also an object to provide a method of cementing ceramic liners in tuyeres which does not require drying the cement mixture prior to use of the tuyere.
It is a further object of our invention to provide a method of cementing ceramic liners in tuyeres that will enable the tuyere to be used immediately after the liner is installed.
It is another object to provide a method of cementing ceramic liners in tuyeres that does not require any special equipment, either to handle the cement or to dry the cement after it is applied.
These and other objects will become more apparent by reference to the following detailed specification and the appended drawing in which:
F l6. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a dual concentric tuyere taken along line 1-] of FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dual concentric tuyere having a ceramic liner in the central tube of the tuyere, taken along line lI-ll of FIG. 1.
The drawings show a dual concentric tuyere which comprises a stainless steel outer tube 10 having nipples 12 which act as spacers, and stainless steel inner tube 13. The inner tube has a ceramic liner 14 of a low po rosity, abrasion resistant ceramic material, such as alumina or mullite. These materials have a very low porosity approaching zero. The liner is held in tube 12 by a layer of cement 16.
We prepare a cement which by weight consists essentially of about 1 to 10 percent alkali metal silicate mixture and 90 to 99 percent refractory aggregate. The preferred range of alkali metal silicate is from 3 to 6 percent, the balance being refractory aggregate. The preferred alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate, although we can use lithium or potassium silicate. In the example of sodium silicate, the ,Miwecmtent by weight ma ran 5 ercent, an t e silica content about 24 to percent, the
balance water of crystallization and incidental impurities. The preferred range is about 22 to 32 percent sodium oxide and 50 to 60 percent silica, and the optimum about 27 percent sodium oxide and 55 percent silica. The sodium silicate is water soluble, and it may be either in powdered or liquid form, i.e., water glass. The sodium silicate is mixed with an alumina-silica refracto agg regate, such as calcined clay, raw glay, kyanite, mul b u u i tures thereof. The aggregate should have a thermal expansion that approximates that of the ceramic liner. The particle size of the refractory aggregate must be 20 mesh and preferably will be l0O mesh. Next we add sufficient water to sodium silicate refractory aggregate cement to obtain a trowelable consistency. The percentages of sodium silicate and aggregate are on a water free basis, that is, are measured prior to adding water to obtain a trowelable consistency.
Ceramic liner 14 is installed in tube 12 by applying an excess of the prepared cement to one of the two surfaces to be joined, that is, to the exterior surface of the ceramic liner or to the interior surface of the metal tube. The ceramic liner is then inserted into the tube in a manner to effect substantially complete contact of the cement with both of the surfaces being joined. We have found that insertion with a rotary motion will effect such substantially complete contact. The consistency of the cement being such that it does not run, the tuyere may be used immediately after it is installed in a furnace, or the liner may even be installed in a tuyere which has already been installed in a fumace, and used immediately, even at high temperatures. However, inasmuch as there is no requirement that the tuyere be used immediately, it may first be dried, if desired.
One of the advantages of our invention is that the external diameter of the ceramic liner need not be within any particularly close tolerances. The cement layer can be as thick as or even thicker than the thickness of the ceramic liner.
It is readily apparent from the foregoing that we have invented a method of cementing ceramic liners in tuyeres before or after such tuyeres are installed in a furnace, which method requires neither special cement handling equipment nor cement drying apparatus, and which method provides a resulting ceramiclined tuyere that can be used immediately without drying the cement.
We claim:
1. A composite tube comprising a metal tube, a highdensity, low-porosity, abrasion-resistant ceramic tube substantially concentric with said metal tube. a refractory cement layer between said tubes bonding said tubes together, said cement consisting essentially by weight of:
about I to percent of water-soluble alkali metal silicate mixture having an alkali metal oxide content of about 19 to 51 percent and a silica content of about 24 to 80 percent, balance water of crystallization and incidental impurities; and
about 90 to 99 percent of an alumina-silica refractory said ceramic tube is mullite.
7. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is sodium.
8. A composite tube according to claim 7 wherein said sodium silicate mixture has a sodium oxide content of from 22 to 32 percent and a silica content of from 50 to 60 percent.
9. A composite tube according to claim 7'wherein said cement consists essentially of about 3 to 6 percent of said sodium silicate mixture and about 94 to 97 percent of said refractory aggregate.
10. A composite tube according to claim 7 wherein the particle size of said refractory aggregate is -l00 mesh.
11. A tuyere comprising:
/ aggregate which has a particle size of about mesh and is selected from the group consisting of l j calcined clay, raw clay, kyanite, mullite, bauxite, J alumina and mixtures thereof.
a composite tube according to claim 1, an outer tube surrounding said composite tube and forming an annular space therebetween, and
2. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said metal tube is steel.
3. A composite tube according to claim I wherein said metal tube is stainless steel.
4. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said'metal tube is copper.
5. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said ceramic tube is alumina.
6. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein spacing means between said tubes to maintain said tubes in substantially concentric relation. 12. A tuyere according to claim 11 wherein said outer tube is steel.
13. A tuyere according to claim 11 wherein said outer tube is stainless steel.
14. A tuyere according to claim 11, wherein said outer tube is copper.
t i 4! i i [lid UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE M6??? CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 5,830,173 Dated August 20, 974
Inventor) David Henry Hubble et a1.
It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column A, line 12, claim 10, change "7" to l Signed arid sealed this 19th day of November 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
McCOY M. GIBSON JR; c. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM Po'wso (0.69) uscomwoc 60376-P69 v us, GOVERNMENT ramimc OFFICE: 93 o UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 585Ol73 Dated August 97 1- David Henry Hubble et a1.
Inventor(s) It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column line 12, claim 10, change "7" to l Signed and sealed this 19th day of November 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
M cCOY M. GIBSON JR C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM po'wso l USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 v I u.s. eovsnuuzm-pnninue omc: 1 930

Claims (13)

  1. 2. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said metal tube is steel.
  2. 3. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said metal tube is stainless steel.
  3. 4. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said metal tube is copper.
  4. 5. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said ceramic tube is alumina.
  5. 6. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said ceramic tube is mullite.
  6. 7. A composite tube according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is sodium.
  7. 8. A composite tube according to claim 7 wherein said sodium silicate mixture has a sodium oxide content of from 22 to 32 percent and a silica content of from 50 to 60 percent.
  8. 9. A composite tube according to claim 7 wherein said cement consists essentially of about 3 to 6 percent of said sodium silicate mixture and about 94 to 97 percent of said refractory aggregate.
  9. 10. A composite tube according to claim 7 wherein the particle size of said refractory aggregate is -100 mesh.
  10. 11. A tuyere comprising: a composite tube according to claim 1, an outer tube surrounding said composite tube and forming an annular space therebetween, and spacing means between said tubes to maintain said tubes in substantially concentric relation.
  11. 12. A tuyere according to claim 11 wherein said outer tube is steel.
  12. 13. A tuyere according to claim 11 wherein said outer tube is stainless steel.
  13. 14. A tuyere according to claim 11, wherein said outer tube is copper.
US00213140A 1971-12-28 1971-12-28 Tuyere formed by cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube Expired - Lifetime US3830173A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE792348D BE792348A (en) 1971-12-28 PROCESS FOR BINDING SEALS IN METAL TUBES
US00213140A US3830173A (en) 1971-12-28 1971-12-28 Tuyere formed by cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube
BR006848/72A BR7206848D0 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-10-03 PROCESS FOR JOINING A HIGH DENSITY COATING LOW POROSITY AND RESISTANT TO ABRASION TO A METAL TUBE
DE2260953A DE2260953A1 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-13 METHOD OF FASTENING A CERAMIC LINING IN A METAL PIPE
IT33005/72A IT971954B (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-15 METHOD FOR CEMENTING A CERAMIC MATERIAL COATING IN A METAL PIPE
PL1972159799A PL78928B1 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-22
ES410083A ES410083A1 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-27 Tuyere formed by cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube
FR7246442A FR2169864B1 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-27
CA159,989A CA961754A (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-27 Method of cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube
NL7217675A NL7217675A (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-27
GB5965872A GB1416730A (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-27 Method of cementing a ceramic liner in a metal tube
JP1973005207U JPS5518358Y2 (en) 1971-12-28 1972-12-28

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BE (1) BE792348A (en)
BR (1) BR7206848D0 (en)
CA (1) CA961754A (en)
DE (1) DE2260953A1 (en)
ES (1) ES410083A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2169864B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1416730A (en)
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Cited By (26)

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US3959063A (en) * 1971-06-02 1976-05-25 Foseco International Limited Method of protecting a surface from a heat source
US4091133A (en) * 1975-12-03 1978-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Porous ceramic tubing for flowing gas lasers
US4093193A (en) * 1977-06-07 1978-06-06 Electro-Nite Co. Composite high temperature protection tube
US4117868A (en) * 1975-02-13 1978-10-03 United States Steel Corporation Refractory lined cylindrical article
US4137117A (en) * 1977-03-10 1979-01-30 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of making a solvent-bonded joint
US4150182A (en) * 1977-05-02 1979-04-17 United States Steel Corporation Method of producing a refractory lining in a cylinder or tube and resultant article
US4231800A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-04 Valley Mineral Products Corporation Dry heat setting refractory and methods of using same
US4249719A (en) * 1974-08-08 1981-02-10 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh Tuyere for the injection of reaction gas
US4367866A (en) * 1981-04-10 1983-01-11 Sunbeam Equipment Corporation Furnace adapted to contain molten metal
US4600437A (en) * 1984-03-29 1986-07-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Inorganic material, a process for producing same and a solidifying method thereof
US4662614A (en) * 1984-03-16 1987-05-05 Oxy-Tuben Ab Blast pipe
US4683019A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-07-28 Shikoku Kaken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of forming refractory coating on steel frame
US4817672A (en) * 1985-02-12 1989-04-04 Jogema Holding B.V. Composite tube for heating gases
US4950627A (en) * 1988-07-21 1990-08-21 Eka Nobel Ab Ceramic coating on metal
US6419737B1 (en) 1997-07-15 2002-07-16 H.T.B.S. Corporation B.V. Cementitious polymeric matrix comprising silica aluminous materials
US20030221734A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-12-04 Gunter Bauer Arrangement to increase the thermal fatigue resistance of glass tubes flown through by fluid and pressure-loaded
US6758386B2 (en) 2001-09-18 2004-07-06 The Boeing Company Method of joining ceramic matrix composites and metals
US20040234595A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2004-11-25 Pakiza Mohammad Composition comprising a phosphate binder and its preparation
US20050285317A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Henderson Richard S Molten metal transfer pipe
US20060255047A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Mitsunori Gotou Reinforcing structure of cylinder barrel
CN100378392C (en) * 2006-01-26 2008-04-02 上海易昌特种陶瓷科技发展有限公司 Special ceramic double-lining pipe and production method thereof
US20090084457A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Pan Pacific Copper Co., Ltd. Transfer pipe of dried concentrate and breakage detecting method of transfer pipe
US20130048135A1 (en) * 2011-08-28 2013-02-28 Yanir Blumenthal Fluid transfer assembly
CN106867415A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-06-20 洛阳欧斯特节能科技有限公司 A kind of high temperature resistant binder
CN106964249A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-07-21 江苏国强环保集团有限公司 A kind of ceramic shower of Novel desulfurization tower
US20210061463A1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2021-03-04 Flyability Sa Unmanned aerial vehicle with protective outer cage

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DE2733611C2 (en) * 1977-07-26 1982-10-14 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Transport line with ceramic inner insulation for guiding hot fluids
DE2821595A1 (en) * 1978-05-17 1983-04-14 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen HIGH STRENGTH CERAMIC COMPOSITE TUBE, ITS PRODUCTION AND USE
FR2577471B1 (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-03-06 Aerospatiale MULTI-LAYER REFRACTORY STRUCTURE AND WALL PROVIDED WITH SUCH A REFRACTORY STRUCTURE
DE3678325D1 (en) * 1985-04-06 1991-05-02 Huels Troisdorf INORGANIC SHAPE WITH CONTENT OF A STONE-FORMING COMPONENT.
DE3807425C1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-02-02 Schmelzbasaltwerk Kalenborn - Dr.-Ing. Mauritz Gmbh & Co Kg, 5461 Vettelschoss, De
DE102012016143A1 (en) * 2012-08-08 2014-02-13 Saarstahl Ag Hot blast lance

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US2828956A (en) * 1954-10-01 1958-04-01 Union Carbide Corp Top blowing oxygen nozzle in molten metal
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US3061300A (en) * 1959-09-22 1962-10-30 United States Steel Corp Tuyere with preformed refractory nose and sleeve
US3141479A (en) * 1961-07-27 1964-07-21 Cons Porcelain Enamel Co Fluxing pipe and method of making the same or the like
US3206183A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-09-14 Jr Howard L Marwick Refractory coated tube and method of making same
US3707386A (en) * 1965-05-11 1972-12-26 Kurz Fredrik W A Bonding or impregnating composition

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US1749642A (en) * 1928-01-31 1930-03-04 Mellor Joseph William Manufacture of ceramic ware
US1973732A (en) * 1932-01-09 1934-09-18 Snell Fester Dee Cement
US2065389A (en) * 1934-06-20 1936-12-22 Bosch Robert Cement for metallic and ceramic constructional parts
US2828956A (en) * 1954-10-01 1958-04-01 Union Carbide Corp Top blowing oxygen nozzle in molten metal
US3036929A (en) * 1959-04-22 1962-05-29 Toyo Calorizing Kogyo Kabushik Method of manufacturing durable lance pipes for oxygen smelting
US3061300A (en) * 1959-09-22 1962-10-30 United States Steel Corp Tuyere with preformed refractory nose and sleeve
US3141479A (en) * 1961-07-27 1964-07-21 Cons Porcelain Enamel Co Fluxing pipe and method of making the same or the like
US3206183A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-09-14 Jr Howard L Marwick Refractory coated tube and method of making same
US3707386A (en) * 1965-05-11 1972-12-26 Kurz Fredrik W A Bonding or impregnating composition

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3959063A (en) * 1971-06-02 1976-05-25 Foseco International Limited Method of protecting a surface from a heat source
US4249719A (en) * 1974-08-08 1981-02-10 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh Tuyere for the injection of reaction gas
US4142556A (en) * 1975-02-13 1979-03-06 United States Steel Corporation Refractory lining tuyere for metallurgical furnace
US4117868A (en) * 1975-02-13 1978-10-03 United States Steel Corporation Refractory lined cylindrical article
US4091133A (en) * 1975-12-03 1978-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Porous ceramic tubing for flowing gas lasers
US4137117A (en) * 1977-03-10 1979-01-30 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of making a solvent-bonded joint
US4150182A (en) * 1977-05-02 1979-04-17 United States Steel Corporation Method of producing a refractory lining in a cylinder or tube and resultant article
US4093193A (en) * 1977-06-07 1978-06-06 Electro-Nite Co. Composite high temperature protection tube
US4231800A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-04 Valley Mineral Products Corporation Dry heat setting refractory and methods of using same
US4367866A (en) * 1981-04-10 1983-01-11 Sunbeam Equipment Corporation Furnace adapted to contain molten metal
US4683019A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-07-28 Shikoku Kaken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of forming refractory coating on steel frame
US4662614A (en) * 1984-03-16 1987-05-05 Oxy-Tuben Ab Blast pipe
US4600437A (en) * 1984-03-29 1986-07-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Inorganic material, a process for producing same and a solidifying method thereof
US4817672A (en) * 1985-02-12 1989-04-04 Jogema Holding B.V. Composite tube for heating gases
US4950627A (en) * 1988-07-21 1990-08-21 Eka Nobel Ab Ceramic coating on metal
US6419737B1 (en) 1997-07-15 2002-07-16 H.T.B.S. Corporation B.V. Cementitious polymeric matrix comprising silica aluminous materials
US6758386B2 (en) 2001-09-18 2004-07-06 The Boeing Company Method of joining ceramic matrix composites and metals
US20040234595A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2004-11-25 Pakiza Mohammad Composition comprising a phosphate binder and its preparation
US7517402B2 (en) 2001-10-08 2009-04-14 Xexos Ltd. Composition comprising a phosphate binder and its preparation
US7736429B2 (en) 2001-10-08 2010-06-15 Xexos Ltd. Composition comprising a phosphate binder and its preparation
US20090155574A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2009-06-18 Xexos Ltd Composition comprising a phosphate binder and its preparation
US7137413B2 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-11-21 Schott Ag Arrangement to increase the thermal fatigue resistance of glass tubes flowed through by fluid and pressure-loaded
US20030221734A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-12-04 Gunter Bauer Arrangement to increase the thermal fatigue resistance of glass tubes flown through by fluid and pressure-loaded
US20050285317A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Henderson Richard S Molten metal transfer pipe
WO2006002431A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2006-01-05 Metaullics System Co., L.P. Molten metal transfer pipe
US7412956B2 (en) * 2005-05-11 2008-08-19 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Reinforcing structure of cylinder barrel
US20060255047A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Mitsunori Gotou Reinforcing structure of cylinder barrel
CN100378392C (en) * 2006-01-26 2008-04-02 上海易昌特种陶瓷科技发展有限公司 Special ceramic double-lining pipe and production method thereof
US20090084457A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Pan Pacific Copper Co., Ltd. Transfer pipe of dried concentrate and breakage detecting method of transfer pipe
US7857553B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2010-12-28 Pan Pacific Copper Co., Ltd. Transfer pipe of dried concentrate and breakage detecting method of transfer pipe
US20130048135A1 (en) * 2011-08-28 2013-02-28 Yanir Blumenthal Fluid transfer assembly
US8833401B2 (en) * 2011-08-28 2014-09-16 Heliofocus Ltd. Fluid transfer assembly
CN106867415A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-06-20 洛阳欧斯特节能科技有限公司 A kind of high temperature resistant binder
CN106867415B (en) * 2017-03-24 2020-08-28 洛阳欧斯特节能科技有限公司 High-temperature-resistant binder
CN106964249A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-07-21 江苏国强环保集团有限公司 A kind of ceramic shower of Novel desulfurization tower
US20210061463A1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2021-03-04 Flyability Sa Unmanned aerial vehicle with protective outer cage
US11708160B2 (en) * 2017-09-05 2023-07-25 Flyability Sa Unmanned aerial vehicle with protective outer cage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT971954B (en) 1974-05-10
ES410083A1 (en) 1975-12-01
BE792348A (en) 1973-03-30
JPS5518358Y2 (en) 1980-04-28
FR2169864B1 (en) 1976-08-27
JPS4884807U (en) 1973-10-15
CA961754A (en) 1975-01-28
NL7217675A (en) 1973-07-02
FR2169864A1 (en) 1973-09-14
DE2260953A1 (en) 1973-07-05
GB1416730A (en) 1975-12-03
PL78928B1 (en) 1975-06-30
BR7206848D0 (en) 1973-08-23

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