[go: up one dir, main page]

US3825774A - Device for converting an input voltage into an output current or vice versa - Google Patents

Device for converting an input voltage into an output current or vice versa Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3825774A
US3825774A US00218389A US21838972A US3825774A US 3825774 A US3825774 A US 3825774A US 00218389 A US00218389 A US 00218389A US 21838972 A US21838972 A US 21838972A US 3825774 A US3825774 A US 3825774A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
transistor
electrode
electrically connected
emitter
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00218389A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kessel T Van
De Plassche R Van
J Voorman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3825774A publication Critical patent/US3825774A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
    • H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
    • H03F3/45179—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit
    • H03F3/45197—Pl types
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B1/00—Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values
    • G05B1/01—Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values electric
    • G05B1/02—Comparing elements, i.e. elements for effecting comparison directly or indirectly between a desired value and existing or anticipated values electric for comparing analogue signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/34—DC amplifiers in which all stages are DC-coupled
    • H03F3/343—DC amplifiers in which all stages are DC-coupled with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/34—DC amplifiers in which all stages are DC-coupled
    • H03F3/343—DC amplifiers in which all stages are DC-coupled with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/347—DC amplifiers in which all stages are DC-coupled with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
    • H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
    • H03F3/4508—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using bipolar transistors as the active amplifying circuit
    • H03F3/45098—PI types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/50—Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
    • H03F2203/45471—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the CSC comprising one or more extra current sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/50—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F2203/5012—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower the source follower has a controlled source circuit, the controlling signal being derived from the drain circuit of the follower
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/50—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F2203/5018—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower the source follower has a controlled source circuit, the controlling signal being derived from the source circuit of the follower
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/50—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F2203/5021—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower the source follower has a controlled source circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/50—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F2203/5031—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers in which input being applied to, or output being derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower the source circuit of the follower being a current source

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Device for the distortion-free conversion of a signal voltage into a signal current or vice versa which comprises an input transistor having two main electrodes.
  • a high-resistance current supply source is included between the first main electrode and a supply point,
  • the invention relates to a device for the substantially distortion-free conversion of a signal voltage into a signal current or vice versa, which device comprises'a first and a second control input and an output for the cur- -the'collector and the second main electrode by the emitter of a transistor.
  • the device has a quiescent current. setting (DC) on which signals may be super.- posed. A voltage is applied to the base of the transistor.
  • an output current may' be derived fromthe collec-' tor.
  • the emitterof the transistor isconnected, for example through a resistor, to a point of constant potential.
  • the output signal current of this device is equal to where i,, is the base signal leakage current of the transistor, R is the resistancevalue of the emitter resistor, V
  • V is "the amplitude of the signal voltage applied to the base of the transistorand V is 'thesignal voltage between the base and the emitter of the transistor.
  • the values of i,, and V,,,. are dependent on the current and on the temperature. This current dependence of V means thatdistor'tion will occur in the output current of the device. Hence the said device is not very suitable for use in highly accurate multipliers and gyrators which have to satisfy stringent quality requirements.
  • the invention is characterized in that there is-included in the circuit between the first main electrode and a supply point a high-resistance current source,
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagramof an alternative output circuit for deriving the output current
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a further alternative output circuit for deriving the current
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a symmetrical voltagecontrolled current supply source employing devices according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a direct-current supply circuit employing devices according to the invention.
  • the input electrode of "the device is constituted by the base of a transistor T
  • the first electrode of the transistor T is constituted by its collector and the second electrode by its emitter.
  • the collector of the transistor T o is connected to a supply point of constant potential via a high-resistance to form a current supply source S.
  • the emitter of the transistor T is directly connected to the output C of the device via the collector-emitterpath of a transistor T
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the collector of the transistor T through the collector-emitter path of a transistor T
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the emitterof the transistor T and also, through a resistor R, to a point of constant potential.
  • the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram'of a second embodiment of the device according to theinvention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of small and the leakage current'i also is small, much smaller (-B,x) than if a single transistor were used.
  • the ideal condition i V/R is approximated to with a degree of accuracy higher by a factor of B.
  • the distortion of the signal due to the non-linear characteristics of the transistors is also reduced by a factor of B. Itis tr ue that direct current is supplied to the circuit via the current supply source S, but this source is selected to have so high an impedance that no signal current leaks away.
  • the device T i.e., the portion of FIG.
  • the artificial pnp transistor may be regarded as an artificial pnp transistor having a base b, an emitter e and a collector c.
  • the base collector current gain factor of this artificial transistor is about equal to B
  • Its transconductance is about equal to BS, where S is the transconductance of the transistor T,,.
  • the resulting direct-current supply source at its output 0 has a very high output impedance which may be of the order of l giga-ohm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for converting an input current into an output voltage in a substantially distortion-free manner.
  • the base 12 of the artificial pnp transistor T is connected to a point of constant potential, for example earth.
  • a signal current i is supplied to the emitter e via a current supply source S,.
  • the collector c of the artificial transistor is connected to a point of constant potential via a resistor R.
  • the operation of the device shown in FIG. 2 is substantially equal to that of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • a signal current i is supplied to the emitter and a signal voltage substantially equal to iR may be derived from the collector.
  • the input electrode of the device shown in FIG..3 is constituted by the base of the transistor T
  • the first electrode of the transistor T is constituted by the emitter of this transistor and the second electrode by its collector.
  • the emitter of the transistor T is connected to a constant-potential supply point via a high-resistance to form a current supply source S.
  • the collector of the transistor T is connected to a supply point of the device via the main current path of a transistor T,.
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the emitter of the transistor T via the main current path of a transistor T
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the collector of the transistor T and, via a resistor R, to a point of constant potential.
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to a signal voltage supply source V.
  • the resistor R will be traversed by a signal current i which is equal to i V V /R where V is the signal voltage between the two control electrodes b and e.
  • the output current of the device may be derived at c and is equal to where l is the signal current which leaks aways through the base of the transistor T Because from the base of the transistor T, only a small part of the main current is fed back via the transistor T and the transistor T,,, i,,,, is very small, as are the base emitter signal voltages of the transistors T and T which together form V,,,.
  • the artificial npn transistor may be regarded as an artificial npn transistor with b as the base, e as the emitter and c as the collector.
  • the base-collector current gain factor is about B and the transconductance is about I/[( l/BS) l/BSQ], where S and S, are the transconductances of the transistors T and T respectively.
  • the artificial npn transistor may be operated in common-base connection.
  • the base b is connected'toa point of constant potential.
  • a signal currenti maybe supplied to the emitter e, and the collector c maybe connected toa point ofconstant potential through a re-- sistor. The signal voltage across this resistor then will be substantially iR Volts.
  • the input electrode of the device is constituted by the base of the transistor T,.
  • the first electrode of the transistor T is constituted by the collector of this transistor and the second electrode by its emitter.
  • the collector of the transistor T is connected to a supply point of constant potential via a high-resistance to form a current supply source S.
  • the emitter of the transistor T is connected to the output 0 of the device via the main current path of a transistor T,.
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the collector of the transistor T via the series combination of diodes D, and D the emitter-base path of a transistor T and the collector-emitter path of a transistor T
  • the second terminal 0 of the device is connected to a highresistance current supply source S, via the collectoremitter path of the transistor T
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the emitter of the transistor T, and also, via a resistor R, to a point of constant potential.
  • the base of the transistor T is connected to the high-resistance current supply source S,,.
  • a diode D is connected between the base and the emitter of the transistor T
  • the signal current i which flows through the resistor R as a result of a signal voltage V applied to the base of the transistor T satisfies the relationship (2).
  • the transistor T will pass a collector signal current of (i i,) amperes, where i, is the signal current which largely flows through the emitter-collector path of' the transistor T Because the collector of the transistor T is connected to the high-resistance current supply source S, the signal current i, will also flow through the emittercollector path of the transistor T to the base of the transistor T The collector-emitter path of the transistor T;, will pass a signal i Because the emitter of the transistor T is connected to the high-resistance current supply source S, and because the diode D, is connected to the high-resistance current supply source S,,, the signal current i will flow via the diodes D, and D of the base of transistor T,.
  • the collector of this first transistor may alternatively be connected to theemitter of the input transistor T via the series connection of the emittercollector paths of a plurality (n) of transistors, the base of each of the transistors of the series combination being connected to the emitter of the succeeding transistor via voltage shifting means, while the output of the device then will be constituted by the emitter of that transistor'of the seriesco'mbination which is'connected to the input transistor.
  • the emitter of the input transistor isconnected'to a point of constant potential via a resistor and a signalvoltage is applied to the base of the input transistor, the base signal leakage current of the input transistor will be smaller than the signal current passed by the transistor connected to the input transistor by a factor of 3". As a result the distortion in the output signal will be reduced by a factor of B" with respect to the distortion of a single transistor.
  • FIG. shows a differential amplifier employing two artificial pnp-transistors as shown in FIG. 1
  • the emitters of these artificial pnp-transistors are connected respectively to opposite terminals of a resistor R.
  • a voltv6 improve the high-frequency behaviour of theartificial pnp transistors
  • a diode may be included in-the base circult of the transistor T as is indicated in broken lines in FIGS. 1 and 2, or the emitter-collector path of the transistors T and T 'may each be shunted by a capacitor, as is indicated in broken lines in FIG. 5.
  • the addition'of additional direct current by means of the current supply S (FIGS. landfZ) also improves the highfrequency behaviourtdriving).
  • the diode connected between the emitter and the base of the transistor T (shown in broken lines in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4) improves.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of. the current mirror in which'the transistor T '(T") is combined with the diode D (D respectively).
  • FIG. 7 shows a much more accurate alternative em-' bodiment of a current mirror including three transistors in combination with the transistor T
  • This embodiment serves as a protectionfor the base-emitter diode of the transistor T
  • the differential amplifier shown in FIG. 5 may read-' ily be converted. to a multiplier.
  • the emitters of the transistors T and T are connected to a point of constant potential via a common current supply.
  • the output current i contains a component Ixy.
  • FIG. 8- shows a symmetrical voltage-controlled current supply using twoartificial pnp transistors T and T.
  • the collector c of the equivalent transistorT is con nected via a current supply S 'to a point of constant potential and also via a resistor Z to the collector c of the artificial transistor T.
  • the collector c of the artificial transistor T is also connected to a point of constant povoltage V is applied'between the two base electrodes b
  • the crossing base currents i, and I largely compensate each other.
  • the amplifier of FIG. 5 uses pnp artificial transistors and b of the artificial transistors T and T' respectively an output signal current-will flow through theload impedance 2,, which current is substantially equal to V/R amperes.
  • the current supply sources S and S used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may be of the type shown in FIG. 9.
  • the current supply shown in FIG. 9 includes an artificial pnp transistor T.
  • the baseof this artificial transistor is connected via the series combination of a.
  • the base of the artificial pnp transistor T is also connected via a resistor R to another point of constant potential.
  • the emitter of the artificial pnp transistor is floating. From the collector c of the artificial pnp transistor a direct current may be derived which is equal to the direct current passed by the transistor T This current is determined by the current flowing through the branch R D and R and by the value of a resistor R
  • the current supply source shown in FIG. '9 may be used, for example, as the current supply S in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5. In FIG. 4 the currentsupply S may simply be realized by including an additional transistor T in the current supply shown in FIG. 9.
  • the collector of this transistor T isconnected to the base of the transistor T of FIG. 4.
  • a transistor circuit which acts as an artificial transistor having a high B and high transconductance,'comprising:
  • a first transistor having a base electrode and collector and emitter electrodes forming a first current path
  • the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically'connected to both the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said third transistor;
  • the collector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said third transistor
  • the base electrode of said first transistor, the base electrode of said second transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor electrically act as if they were base, emitter and collector electrodes respectively of an artificial N PN transistor having a high [3 and a high transconductance.
  • a transistor circuit for substantially distortion-free conversion of a voltage signal into a current signal comprising a transistor circuit as defined in claim 1 and further comprising:-
  • base electrode of said second transistor and the other end of the third current path electrically act as if they were base, emitter and collector electrodes respectively of an artificial transistor having a high B and high transconductance.
  • the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said second transistor are both electrically connected to the current supplying end of said constant current supply source; the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to both the emitter'electrode of said first transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor; and the collector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said third transistor, whereby .the base electrode of said first transistor, the base electrode of said second transistor andthe emitter electrode of said third transistor electrically act as if they were base, emitter and collector electrodes respectively of an artificial PNP transistor having ahigh B and high transconductance.
  • said first, second and third transistors are of NPN type
  • said first and third transistors are of NPN type and said second transistor is of PNP type;
  • the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said second transistor are both electrically connected to the current supplying end of said constant current supply source;
  • the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to both the emitter electrode of said first transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor;
  • thecollector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said third transistor
  • said second impedance is electrically connected at one end thereof to the emitter electrode of said third transistor
  • said voltage source is electrically connected between said impedances with the side of more negative potential connected to said second impedance.
  • said first, second andsthird transistors are of NPN the emitter electrodes of said first and second transistors are both electrically connected to the current receiving end of said constant current supply source;
  • the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to both the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said third transistor;
  • the collector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said third transistor;
  • animpedance electrically connected at one end thereof to the other end of the third path; and a voltage source electrically connected between the base electrode of said first transistor and the other end of said impedance, whereby a current signal applied to the base terminal of said second transistor is converted into a proportional substantially distortion-free voltage signal across said impedance.
  • said first and third transistors are of NPN type and said second transistor is of PNP type;
  • the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said second transistor are both electrically connected to the current supplying end 'of said constant current. supply source;
  • the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connectedto both the emitter electrode of said first transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor the collector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said third transistor;
  • said impedance is electrically connected at one end thereof to the emitter electrode of said third transistor; and.
  • said voltage source is electrically connected between the base electrode of said first transistor and the other end of said impedance with the side of more negative potential connected to said impedance.
  • a fourth transistor having abase electrode and collector and emitter electrodes forming a fourth current path, the fourth current path being electrically connected at one end thereof to the other end of the third current path;
  • a third high internal resistance constant current supply source connected at one-end thereof to the base electrode of said third transistor, the second and third constant current supply sources biasing said third and fourth transistors without thereby shunting signal current therefrom, the base electrode of said fourth transistor being electrically responsive to the current flowing in the second path,
  • base electrode of said second transistor and the other end ofthe third current path electrically act as if they were base, emitter and collector electrodes respectively of an artificial transistor having a high H and big transconductance.
  • said first, third and fourth transistors are of NPN type and said secondtransistor is of PNP type;
  • the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said second transistor are both electrically connected to the current supplying end of said first constant current supply source;
  • the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to both the emitter electrode of saidfirst transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor;
  • the emitter electrode of said third transistor is electrically connected to the collector electrode of said fourth transistor;
  • the emitter electrode of said fourth transistor and the emitter side of said series connected diodes are both electrically connected to the current receiving end of said second constant current supply source;
  • the base electrode of said third transistor and the collector side of said series connected diodes are both electrically connected to the current supplying end of said third constant currentsupply source; and the collector electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to the base electrode of said fourth transistor, whereby the base electrode of said first transistor, the base electrode of said secondtransistor and the emitter electrode of said third transistor electrically act as if they were base, emitter and collector electrodes respectively of an artificial PNP transistor having a high B and high transconductance.
  • a transistor circuit for substantially distortionfree conversion of a voltage signal into a current signal comprising a transistor circuit as defined in claim 9 and further comprising:
  • said first, third and fourth transistors are of NPN type and said second transistor is of PNP type; the collector electrode of said first transistor and the emitter electrode of said second transistor are both electrically connected to the current supplying end of said first constantcurrent supply source; the base electrode of said second transistor is electrically connected to both the emitter electrode of said first transistor and the collector electrode of said third transistor; the emitter electrode of said third transistor is electrically-connected to the collector electrode of said fourth transistor;
  • the emitter electrode of said fourth transistor and the emitter side of said series connected diodes are both electrically connected to the current receiving end of said second constant current supply source;
  • said impedances with the side of more negative potential connected to said second impedance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US00218389A 1971-02-19 1972-01-17 Device for converting an input voltage into an output current or vice versa Expired - Lifetime US3825774A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7102199A NL7102199A (xx) 1971-02-19 1971-02-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3825774A true US3825774A (en) 1974-07-23

Family

ID=19812514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00218389A Expired - Lifetime US3825774A (en) 1971-02-19 1972-01-17 Device for converting an input voltage into an output current or vice versa

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3825774A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5231143B1 (xx)
AU (1) AU469993B2 (xx)
CA (1) CA943640A (xx)
DE (1) DE2204419C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2125938A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1317869A (xx)
IT (1) IT949124B (xx)
NL (1) NL7102199A (xx)
SE (1) SE368124B (xx)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027180A (en) * 1975-01-10 1977-05-31 Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. Integrated circuit transistor arrangement having a low charge storage period
US4330744A (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-05-18 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Precision converter/isolation circuit
US4336475A (en) * 1978-08-14 1982-06-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Slotless brushless motor
US4550262A (en) * 1982-04-15 1985-10-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Voltage-current converter having reference resistor spread compensation
US4847520A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-07-11 Linear Technology Corporation Fast PNP transistor turn-off circuit
EP0324525A2 (de) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-19 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Verstärkerschaltung
EP0355918A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Voltage-to-current converter
EP0355906A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Voltage-to-current converters
US4956565A (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-09-11 U.S. Philips Corp. Output circuit with drive current limitation
US5128553A (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-07-07 Linear Technology Corporation Lateral PNP turn-off drive circuit
WO1998008302A1 (en) * 1996-08-17 1998-02-26 Wolf Technologies Limited High gain, wide band amplifier
US5834964A (en) * 1997-06-02 1998-11-10 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation Lateral PNP fast turn-on circuit
WO2002097975A2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-05 Infineon Technologies Ag High-bandwidth low-voltage gain cell and voltage follower having an enhanced transconductance
EP1276229A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-15 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Voltage follower and relative method of regulation

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7208148A (xx) * 1972-06-15 1973-12-18
US4004244A (en) 1975-05-27 1977-01-18 Rca Corporation Dynamic current supply
JPS58181307A (ja) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-24 Fujitsu Ltd 差動回路
TWI642891B (zh) * 2017-07-25 2018-12-01 日商古河電氣工業股份有限公司 Heat pipe and radiator

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3119983A (en) * 1959-05-29 1964-01-28 Ibm Time pulse distributor
US3287577A (en) * 1964-08-20 1966-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low dissipation logic gates
US3320439A (en) * 1965-05-26 1967-05-16 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Low-value current source for integrated circuits
US3508081A (en) * 1966-08-17 1970-04-21 Honeywell Inc Circuit arrangement for supplying a current signal to one or two loads
US3549910A (en) * 1967-09-18 1970-12-22 Honeywell Inc Electric current-voltage converting circuit
US3624426A (en) * 1970-10-05 1971-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Current source for semiconductor circuits
US3649926A (en) * 1970-01-08 1972-03-14 Texas Instruments Inc Bias circuitry for a differential circuit utilizing complementary transistors
US3683270A (en) * 1971-02-22 1972-08-08 Signetics Corp Integrated circuit bilateral current source

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3119983A (en) * 1959-05-29 1964-01-28 Ibm Time pulse distributor
US3287577A (en) * 1964-08-20 1966-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low dissipation logic gates
US3320439A (en) * 1965-05-26 1967-05-16 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Low-value current source for integrated circuits
US3508081A (en) * 1966-08-17 1970-04-21 Honeywell Inc Circuit arrangement for supplying a current signal to one or two loads
US3549910A (en) * 1967-09-18 1970-12-22 Honeywell Inc Electric current-voltage converting circuit
US3649926A (en) * 1970-01-08 1972-03-14 Texas Instruments Inc Bias circuitry for a differential circuit utilizing complementary transistors
US3624426A (en) * 1970-10-05 1971-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Current source for semiconductor circuits
US3683270A (en) * 1971-02-22 1972-08-08 Signetics Corp Integrated circuit bilateral current source

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Woodard, Constant Current Source Circuit, IBM Tech. Discl. Bull., Vol. 13, No. 4, 9/1970, p. 909 910. *
Wortzman, Current Switch, IBM Tech. Discl. Bull., Vol. 2, No. 5, 2/1960, p. 48. *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027180A (en) * 1975-01-10 1977-05-31 Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. Integrated circuit transistor arrangement having a low charge storage period
US4336475A (en) * 1978-08-14 1982-06-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Slotless brushless motor
US4330744A (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-05-18 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Precision converter/isolation circuit
US4550262A (en) * 1982-04-15 1985-10-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Voltage-current converter having reference resistor spread compensation
US4847520A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-07-11 Linear Technology Corporation Fast PNP transistor turn-off circuit
EP0324525A3 (de) * 1988-01-14 1990-06-20 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Verstärkerschaltung
EP0324525A2 (de) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-19 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Verstärkerschaltung
US4956565A (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-09-11 U.S. Philips Corp. Output circuit with drive current limitation
EP0355918A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Voltage-to-current converter
EP0355906A1 (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Voltage-to-current converters
US4952866A (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-08-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Voltage-to-current converters
US5128553A (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-07-07 Linear Technology Corporation Lateral PNP turn-off drive circuit
WO1998008302A1 (en) * 1996-08-17 1998-02-26 Wolf Technologies Limited High gain, wide band amplifier
US5834964A (en) * 1997-06-02 1998-11-10 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation Lateral PNP fast turn-on circuit
WO2002097975A2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-05 Infineon Technologies Ag High-bandwidth low-voltage gain cell and voltage follower having an enhanced transconductance
WO2002097975A3 (en) * 2001-05-25 2004-03-11 Infineon Technologies Ag High-bandwidth low-voltage gain cell and voltage follower having an enhanced transconductance
EP1276229A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-15 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Voltage follower and relative method of regulation
US6593798B2 (en) 2001-07-09 2003-07-15 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Voltage follower and related method of regulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2204419A1 (de) 1972-08-31
NL7102199A (xx) 1972-08-22
DE2204419B2 (de) 1974-10-17
DE2204419C3 (de) 1975-06-05
IT949124B (it) 1973-06-11
FR2125938A5 (xx) 1972-09-29
CA943640A (en) 1974-03-12
JPS5231143B1 (xx) 1977-08-12
GB1317869A (en) 1973-05-23
AU469993B2 (en) 1976-02-26
SE368124B (xx) 1974-06-17
AU3898272A (en) 1973-08-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3825774A (en) Device for converting an input voltage into an output current or vice versa
US4267516A (en) Common-emitter fT doubler amplifier employing a feed forward amplifier to reduce non-linearities and thermal distortion
US3886466A (en) Bias circuitry for stacked transistor power amplifier stages
US3714600A (en) Transistor amplifier
US3031588A (en) Low drift transistorized gating circuit
GB1497102A (en) Current amplifier
GB1529068A (en) Differential amplifier circuit
US2791644A (en) Push-pull amplifier with complementary type transistors
ES371704A1 (es) Un amplificador diferencial.
GB1101875A (en) Amplifier
US2782267A (en) Push-pull transistor amplifier
GB1419748A (en) Current stabilizing arrangement
US4961046A (en) Voltage-to-current converter
US3790897A (en) Differential amplifier and bias circuit
US3611170A (en) Bias networks for class b operation of an amplifier
GB1343329A (en) Amplifier using bipolar and field-effect transistors
GB764154A (en) Improvements in or relating to transistor push-pull amplifiers
US4002993A (en) Differential amplifier
US3562673A (en) Pulse width modulation to amplitude modulation conversion circuit which minimizes the effects of aging and temperature drift
GB736760A (en) Multi-stage semi-conductor signal translating circuits
GB1297867A (xx)
US4237426A (en) Transistor amplifier
US4001706A (en) Single-ended/push-pull converter
US3418589A (en) Complementary emitter follower amplifier biased for class a operation
JPH0580164B2 (xx)