US373625A - Smoke consuming furnace - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

G. BW'ERY.

SMOKE GONSUMING PURNAGE. n

Patented Nov. 22, 1887.

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(No Model!) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

G; E. WERY.

SMOKE GONSUMING PURNAGB.

No. 378,625. Patented Nov. 22, 1887.-v

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UNITED STATES PATENT Erice.

GEORGE EUGENE VERY, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

SMOKE=CONSUMING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 373,625, dated November 22, 1887.

Application filed Septemberl, 1886. Serial No. 214,215.

(No model.) Patented in France September 7. 1885, No. 171,063.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE EUGENE WEEY, of the city of Paris, France, have invented a new and Improved Smoke Consuming Furnace, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, and for which I have obtained a patent in France, September 7, 1885, for fteen years, No. 171,063.

This invention has for its object to eect the more perfect utilization of the combustible gases in furnaces generally, including those of stationary, locomotive, portable, and marine engine boilers, as Well as domestic fireplaces, by the introduction of air into the chimney or -furnace in regulated quantity, the invention including the arrangements by which the air is distributed in a rational manner upon the surfaces on which it is to act.

The results obtained by this invention are, rst, perfect consumption of the smoke; second, considerable saving in fuel in consequence of the more perfect combustion and a better utilization of thegases, and, third,when the air is introduced into the furnace itself the air is passed through bars of special form, whereby the preservation of the grate is insured.

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, I will proceed to describe examples of its application, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the particular arrangements adopted for each kind of furnace, and which are based on the following principle: lThe air is drawn from the exterior by the draft resultingr from the difference between the external and internal temperature of the chimney or furnace, the air being first heated by contact with the walls of the passages, and then being drawn therethrough and caused to mingle with the h ot gases. The air thus introduced produces a mechanical action, the effect of which is to carry off the lighter gases completely burned, and to retard the escape of the heavier gases yet unconsumed, which remain in suspension in the furnace until their complete combustion is effected. In this manner combustion of smoke is effected by the carrying off of none but the lighter gases completely burned, and a considerable saving of fuel is obtained by the retention of the heavier gases, whose complete combustion is thus secured.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central section of a chimney constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation of same, partly broken away; and Fig. 3 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is an elevation, partly in section, of the chimney of a marineengine boiler; and Fig. 5 is ahorizontal section of the same. Fig. 6 is a central Vertical section of a factory-chimney constructed according to my invention. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of the same on the line a o, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a central vertical section of a chimney of larger diameter than shown in Fig. 6, having myiinprovements applied. Fig. 9 is a horizontal section of the same on the line p s, Fig. 8. Figs. 10 and 10are vertical central sections of house-chimneys embodying my improvements. Fig. 11 is a vertical cross-section of a steam-boiler having my invention applied. Fig. 12 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of said boiler. Fig. 13 is a vertical cen- Atral section of an arrangement of my invention for chimneys of large diameter. Fig. 14 is a horizontal section of the same. Fig. 15 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of a boiler embodying my improvements. Fig. 16 is a vertical section of the furnace of a horizontal stationary boiler embodying my improvements. Fig. 17 is a horizontal section taken on the line 1 2 3 4, and Fig. 18 an end elevation of the same. Fig. 19 is a vertical longitudinal section of a locomotive-furnace embodying my improvements. Fig. 20 is a vertical section of the same, taken on the line 5 6; and Fig. 21 is a horizontal and transverse section of a pair of grate-bars, drawn on a larger scale.

In the arrangement shown in vertical section, elevation, and plan in Figs. 1, 2, 3, the air drawn in at the orifices A in the external casing of the chimney first passes down the external annular' spacc,E,bctwecn the double walls of the casing, and then up through the internal annular space,D,and escapes at O into the chimney at a very high temperature, and therefore at a considerable pressure. The inner pipe,F, may be made vertically adjustable in any suitable manner for the purpose of increasing or reducing the area of the aperture, and thus regulating the admission of the external air. The external surface of chimney F being in contact with the air introduced at a relatively-low temperature, and the internal ICO this objection a shaft,'l, provided with blades R, is placed in the chimney F for the purpose of scraping the sides thereof, so as to cause the soot to fall to the bottom, whence it is removed at a door, M,provided for the purpose.

The same principle may be applied to the chimneys of marine-engine boilers, the ar.- rangement adopted being that represented in part-sectional elevation and horizontal section in Figs. 4 and 5. The air in these figures takes the same direction as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, enterin gat the orifices A,traversingthc annular space E,and then through the several annular spaces D until it reaches the chimney.- As, however, the total sectional area of the chimney would be very considerable, and the air would naturally tend to pass through. the pasf sages nearest tothe air-inlet, the central ues might receive an insufcient quantity of air for the proper working of the apparatus. To obviate this supplementary air-passages D', opening near the base of the chimney, are placed within the fines D,and are so arranged and distributed as to create a strong draft and cause the air to be distributed uniformly in all the passages D. The air, as in the preceding arrangement, on leaving passages D, entersy the chimney through the annular orifice O.. The iiues F may be cleaned out in the Asame manner as in the previous arrangement and with a similar object.

The arrangement preferably employed for the factory-shafts is shown in Figs. 6 and 7 asapplied to, an ordinary chimney and in Figs. 8 and 9 as applied to a chimney oflarger diameter. Iheprinciple is the same as before;

but in this case a series of cylindro conical superposed tubes are employed. Theaction is exactly the same as in the previous cases,

and therefore needs no further description.

It should, however, be added that in order to' regulate the draft-thatis to say, the area of 5 5* the orifices O-adj ustingfscrews are employed,

by which the pipe F may be raised or lowered for increasing or reducing the size of the orifice, as desired. Ihe cleaning is effected by means of a pulley and chain worked from the base of the chimney, the operation being repeated more or less often, according to the quality of the fuel employed.

In order that the hot gases arriving fromilue F may pass direct to the center of the chimney F, a sort of bridge, of refractory material, P, is placed at the mouth of said ue, which diverts the course of the gasesand causes them nular space D is prolonged as much as possible by a spiral rib, N, formed upon the tube L, and extending to the external wall of the annular casing D. The air entering the annular space D thus takes a spiral course and escapes, as in the preceding arrangements, at the annular orifice O, Where it becomes mixed with the hot gases and produces the upper draft.

C is a tubular cast-iron socket which is let into the brick-work in the place ol"v the chimney-pot. rIhe pipe may be hinged at its bottom end, G, so as to enable it to be lowered down.

Figs. 1l and l2 illustrate the application of the invention to the. chimney of a portable or locomotive engine.

In this case the smokebox itself forms the inner wall of theannular space D, into which the external air is-admitted through the openingsA. The external envelope of the annular spacev D is formed by a metal casing placed eccentricall y in the smokebox.. The air in escaping from space D,Where it becomes heated,passes,as before, through the orifice O into the chimney and increases the' draft at the upper part. In this case the arrangement represented in Fig. l5 may also be employed,wherein theair enters at A intoa passage` above the smoke-box,whence it is uniformly distributed by means of vertical iiues D to the chimney and produces the effect above mentioned. In this, as in the other applications, the passage for the gases or smoke may be divided into any suitable number of compartments, and tubes may also extend from top to bottom of the fire box,which take in air from the exterior and serve as feeders for distributing the air to the compartments, suitable dampers being also provided to increase or moderate thev draft of the furnaces. It is essential in all cases that the air should be introduced IIO at as low a temperature aspossible compared' with the gases in the chimney, so that it may expand as much as possible, and thus produce a more considerable effect.

For chimneys of large diameter it is of ad.-

vantage to employ the arrangement 'repre,

sented in vertical section in Fig. 13 and in horizontal'section in Fig. 14. The chimney is divided into four compartments by vertical division-plates a, having perforationsb, communicating with the outer air by channels c at their lower ends. The channels b conduct the air, heated by contact with the surfaces,` into the intermediate space, l,where it acts on the gases in the manner before explained. The chimney is provided with a double casing. ef, between which,also, the air enters at the lower end and passes out through the inclined passages i' into the chimney. The casing e is provided with a conical top, k, forming,with the casingf, a crown, i, which admits of air being introduced from the outside and of its circulating between the two casings ef, whence it passes to the upper part, g, of the chimney, to there effect the complete extraction of the lighter' gases and enable the combustion of the heavy gases to be completed.

In order to preserve the grate-bars, while at same time effecting the complete combustion of the gases, produce a higher temperature, economize fuel, and consume the smoke, the arrangements represented in Fig. 16 and following figures are employed, which are applicable tothe grates of all kinds of furnaces, such as metallurgical, boiler, locomotive, and other furnaces. l

In FigsrlG, 17, and 1S, a is the boiler shell; I), the fireboX; c, pendent watertubes; d, the steam-dome, and ethe boiler-tubes. The firegrate has hollow bars f, which communicate at one end with a pipe, g, curved to the circular form of the boiler-front. The other ends of the hollow barsf communicate with a chamber, h, comprised between avertical partitionplate, fl', and the back of the fire-box b. rIhe collecting-pipe gis bentdownward at the ends, so as to form tubularlegs k, which are provided with valves, cocks, dampers, or other regulators, Z. Cold air enters at the legs 7c under the control of the valves and traverses the whole of -the hollow grate-bars, as indicated by the arrows, whereit becomes heated and expanded and enters the collecting-chamber h, whence it escapes by one or more openings, m, and mixes with the products of combustion, which become completely utilized.

In Figs. 19, 20, and 2l the principle is similar; but the tire-bars are different in their form and arrangement. In these figures a is the boilershell; I), the tubes; c, the fire-box, and d the ash-pit. The re-barsf are made hollow, as before, but divided longitudinally by a partition, e, into upper and lower passages, communicating at one end, as in Fig. 19, and the lower passage projecting beyond the fire-box, the inlet thereto being controlled by a valve, g, operated from the foot-plate by a rod, t k, or other means. The cold air entering at g traverses the bars to and fro, as shown, until it reaches the collecting-chamber 7c. The expanded air collected from all the bars passes out at the upper part of chamber la through one or more openings, Z, where it mixes with the products of combustion before they pass out of the tire-box. In this manner complete combustion is insured and the production of smoke avoided.

ingsm, graduallyincreasingin size toward the point of greatest incandescence, so as to equalize the production of heat over the whole area of the furnace and permit of a certain portion of the expanded air escaping into the midst of the mass of fuel. These openings m are in clined, and the motion of the engine causes a current of air to be injected in the form of crossed jets which, by intermingling in the midst of the fuel, render its combustion more perfect. The bars may in some cases be pivoted at any suitable point of t.heirlength,so as to admit of their being rocked by any suitable means for thepurpose ofpreventing the formation of clinkers.

It will be readily understood that the forms, dimensions, and details of these hollow lire bars and collectingtubes may be considerably varied according to thenature of each application without in any way departing from the principle ofthe invention, and they may also be applied to furnaces generally.

I claim- 1. In a smoke consumer, the combination of a central flue for the products of combustion, and a series of annular chambers connected to each other and surrounding said flue, the inner chamber being connected with the iiue and the outer one with an air-inlet, substantially as described.

2. In a smokeconsumer, the combination of a cenlral flue for the products of combustion with a series of annular chambers surrounding said iue, a passage from the inner chamber to the iue near the upper end of the latter, means for varying the area of said passage, and an air-inlet into the outer chamber, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a smolrelue and an air-chamber surrounding and havingan opening into said Hue with means for varying the area ofsaid openingsubstantially as described.

4. The hollow grate-barf, havinga dividingpartition, e, and the openings m m,leadinginto the lire-chamber, said openings increasing in area toward the point ofgreatestincandescence, combined with the pipe g, having the legs 7c k at its ends for receiving air, and with an airchamber opening into the dre-chamber, the grate-barf opening at one end into the pipeg and at the other end into said airchamber, substantially as described.

The foregoing specification of my improved means of consuming smoke and economizing fuel in furnaces and lire-places signed by me this 19th day of July, 1886.

GEORGE EUGENE VERY.

Vi tuesscs:

EDWARD P. MAOLEAN, Gnonens COQUET.

IOO

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