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US3725888A - Detector system - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3725888A
US3725888A US00131222A US3725888DA US3725888A US 3725888 A US3725888 A US 3725888A US 00131222 A US00131222 A US 00131222A US 3725888D A US3725888D A US 3725888DA US 3725888 A US3725888 A US 3725888A
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Prior art keywords
detector
alarm
output
signal
output signal
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US00131222A
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E Solomon
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Kidde Technologies Inc
Graviner Inc
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Pyrotector Inc
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Assigned to PYROTECTOR, INC.; A CORP OF RI. reassignment PYROTECTOR, INC.; A CORP OF RI. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CHLORIDE INCORPORATED
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to GRAVINER, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment GRAVINER, INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PYROTECTOR, INC.
Assigned to WALTER KIDDE AEROSPACE INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment WALTER KIDDE AEROSPACE INC., A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRAVINER, INC., A CORP. OF DE
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
    • G01S13/56—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds for presence detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2491—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field
    • G08B13/2494—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field by interference with electro-magnetic field distribution combined with other electrical sensor means, e.g. microwave detectors combined with other sensor means

Definitions

  • I CE/V AMPLIFIER may I MIXER DUE-CT wrscmro/e I 1 M0 ALARM 5 N; I qA-rs ACTUATOR l AMPLIFIEQ Pl/DI'OELECTRIC 4 ms: l E R s T DISCEIMINATDR OUT, /I 0 rzcm V $/AT f I Em AND ENTRY oeuy 1 1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION a.
  • Field of the invention This invention relates to electronic intruder detection devices.
  • Another device of this type utilizes microwaves in the electro-magnetic spectrum, with the method of operation being substantially as described with respect to the acoustic system.
  • a false alarm may be caused by spurious R.F. signals or motion of a person or article in an area beyond the confined space, since the transmission passes through any wall not made of metallic material.
  • volumetric space surveillance system (as opposed to a line of sight type of detector) is an optical detector which utilizes the rate of change of light intensity to actuate an alarm.
  • This type of device is also prone to false alarms, due to unpredictable sudden changes in ambient illumination such as head lights from passing cars, lightning, lightbulb failure or momentary power failure.
  • a detector system comprises-a Doppler effect intruder detector and a volumetric optical detection system combined to monitor the same space.
  • the outputs of the detectors are connected to an AND gate, with the output of the AND gate being connected to alarm actuating means.
  • Phenomena that cause false alarms in Doppler effect detectors and those that cause false alarms in optical detection are so different that the possibility is very slight that phenomena that affect each will occur simultaneously.
  • FIGURE of the drawing is a block diagram illustrating a detector system embodying the features of the invention.
  • a detector system embodying the features of the invention comprises a Doppler effect detector 10 and a photo-electric detector 12 positioned for surveillance of the same space to be protected from intruders.
  • the detectors l0 and 12 cooperate to energize an alarm on detecting an intruder or other condition in a manner to appear herein after.
  • the detector 10 comprises a tuned circuit resonating at, for example, 40 kHz which drives a piezq-ele ctric tranducer transmitter, which radiates at 40 kl lz into the protected space.
  • a tuned circuit resonating at, for example, 40 kHz which drives a piezq-ele ctric tranducer transmitter, which radiates at 40 kl lz into the protected space.
  • the receiver transducer which also has a resonating frequency of 40' kHz.
  • the output of the receiver transducer is fed into an amplifier and mixer which also receives a 40 kHz signal from the tuned circuit driver. If there is no disturbance in the ultra-sonic waves, the frequency received at the receiver transducer and therefore at the mixer is the same as the 40 kHz signal from the tuned circuit driver. However if there is any movement of a body in the protected space a different frequency is received at the receiver transducer, which when amplified and compared with the driver frequency in the mixer, produces a beat frequency. The detector allows this beat frequency to filter through to the delay integrator, which insures that the beat frequency is present for a predetermined time before transmitting a signal to the AND gate.
  • theoptical detector system 12 comprises a photo-electric detector which is positioned to receive ambient light from the same space into which the Doppler effect system 10 is transmitting, an amplifier and discriminator which receives the signal from the photo-electric detector, and an output pulse generator which feeds an alarm pulse to the AND gate.
  • the photo-electric devices may be photoresistive or photo-generative and may have various optical filters to make the device insensitive to light of certain band widths.
  • the discriminator responds to a predetermined change in illumination reaching the photo-electric detector to provide an output pulse to the AND gate.
  • both the Doppler effect detector and the optical detector provide an output signal at the same time, an output alarm signal will be transmitted to the alarm activating device, However the AND gate will not allow the alarm to be actuated if only one detector provides an output signal.
  • each detector in the above described system is subject to the false alarm conditions previously described, no single false alarm cause will cause a false alarm in both detectors simultaneously.
  • the probability that a false alarm condition that affects the Doppler type detector will occur simultaneously with a false alarm condition that affects the optical detector, if not absolutely non-existent is very slight.
  • the inhibiting of each detector by the other does not, however reduce the effectiveness of the detector in providing an alarm in response to an intruder.
  • an entry and exit delay feature may be provided between the AND gateand the alarm actuating device to allow personnel time to leave the protected space after energizing the detector system, without actuating the alann, and when re-entering, to allow them time to de-energize the system before the alarm is actuated by their presence.
  • An intruder detector system comprising first and second detector devices arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, each of said detector devices being responsive to the entry of an intruder to provide an output signal, one of said detectors being responsive to a Doppler effect to produce its output signal, the other being responsive to a change in light intensity to produce its output signal, means receiving the output of each of said detectors, said means producing an-alarm output signal only when said detectors produce an output signal simultaneously.
  • a detector system comprising a detection device of the type utilizing a change in frequency to cause an alarm output signal and a detector device utilizing a rate of change in light intensity to cause an alarm output signal, said detector devices being arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, an AND gate, the output of said detectors being connected to said AND gate, the output of said AND gate being connected to an alarm actuating device, whereby the AND gate transmit a signal to the alarm actuating device only if both alarm devices produce an alarm output signal simultaneously.
  • a detector system comprising a first detector producing an alarm signal output in response to a change in frequency between a transmitted signal and a received signal, and a second detector arranged to monitor at least a portion of a confined space being monitored by the first detector, said second detector being responsive to a predetermined change of light intensity to cause an alarm signal output, and means preventing said alarm signal output from either detector from actuating an alann unless the other detector also simultaneously generates an alarm signal output.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An intruder detector system that utilizes both a Doppler effect detector system and an optical detector system monitoring the same space. An alarm output signal produced by either detector under alarm conditions is prevented from activating an alarm unless the other detector also is producing an alarm signal.

Description

36794- sss: SR ge a I: W 24514 XR anamaaa ge United States Patent 1191 1111 3,725,888 Solomon [451 Apr. 3, 1973 v S /5 [54] DETECTOR SYSTEM 3,564,529 2 1971 Kaufman et al. ..340 258 1) 9 I 3,573,8l7 4/1971 Akers ..340/258 52-; [75] Inventor Elias Duxbury Mass 3,242,486 3/1966 Corbell.... ..340/258 A [73] Assignee: Pyrotector, Incorporated, Hingham, 3,560,950 2/1971 Peters ..340/258 D Z3? Mass. fit [22] Filed. Apr 5 1971 Primary Examiner-David L. Trafton Attorney-Robert E. Ross fi a [21] Appl. No.: 131,222 )5 57 ABSTRACT [52] CL "340/258 340/258 6 An intruder detector system that utilizes both a DOP. [51] Int CL Gosh 13/16 Gosh 3/18 pler effect detector system and an optical detector Field of 3 0 25 R A, B, 25 system monitoring thfi same space. An alarm output signal produced by either detector under alarm conditions is prevented from activating an alarm unless the 5 References Cited other detector also is producing an alarm signal.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 3 Claims, 1 Drawing g r 3,010,102 11/1961 Ketchledge et al 340/228 S X ie i a 10 *1 l i T V50 C/fiCW/T I man/route)? k 5 THAAljH/ITER 2 0R, R l Tam/rowan I CE/V AMPLIFIER may I MIXER DUE-CT wrscmro/e I 1 M0 ALARM 5 N; I qA-rs ACTUATOR l AMPLIFIEQ Pl/DI'OELECTRIC 4 ms: l E R s T DISCEIMINATDR OUT, /I 0 rzcm V $/AT f I Em AND ENTRY oeuy 1 1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION a. Field of the invention This invention relates to electronic intruder detection devices.
b. Description of the prior art One form of widely used device for intruder detection utilizes an accoustic generator that creates a pattern of standing waves in a space to be protected. Reflected waves are received by the detector, and if the reflected waves maintain a predetermined frequency, no alarm signal is created. However the motion of a person in the room or air currents due to heat from a fire will cause a change in the frequency received, and this change is utilized to actuate an alarm.
Another device of this type utilizes microwaves in the electro-magnetic spectrum, with the method of operation being substantially as described with respect to the acoustic system.
Although such devices have achieved considerable commercial success, they have the disadvantage of being extremely subject to false alarms from extraneous sounds from both inside and outside the protected space. For example, outside sounds such as automobile engine noises, sirens, thunder, airplanes, or construction equipment can contain sufficient high frequency components to cause an alarm response of the acoustic type of detector. Internally, sounds of thermostats or other devices with contacts, electric motors, telephones, doorbells, or the motion of animals such as cats, rodents, or guard dogs can cause an alarm response, as can air turbulence due to hot air heating systems.
In the case of the microwave type of detector, a false alarm may be caused by spurious R.F. signals or motion of a person or article in an area beyond the confined space, since the transmission passes through any wall not made of metallic material.
Although some of these causes of false alarms can often be prevented by the use of delay features in the alarm portion of the circuit, or by controlling the sensitivity of the device, such features reduce the effectiveness of the device in detecting intruders.
Another type of volumetric space surveillance system (as opposed to a line of sight type of detector) is an optical detector which utilizes the rate of change of light intensity to actuate an alarm. This type of device is also prone to false alarms, due to unpredictable sudden changes in ambient illumination such as head lights from passing cars, lightning, lightbulb failure or momentary power failure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention a detector system comprises-a Doppler effect intruder detector and a volumetric optical detection system combined to monitor the same space. The outputs of the detectors are connected to an AND gate, with the output of the AND gate being connected to alarm actuating means. Phenomena that cause false alarms in Doppler effect detectors and those that cause false alarms in optical detection are so different that the possibility is very slight that phenomena that affect each will occur simultaneously.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The single FIGURE of the drawing is a block diagram illustrating a detector system embodying the features of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Asillustrated in the drawing a detector system embodying the features of the invention comprises a Doppler effect detector 10 and a photo-electric detector 12 positioned for surveillance of the same space to be protected from intruders. The detectors l0 and 12 cooperate to energize an alarm on detecting an intruder or other condition in a manner to appear herein after.
Both Doppler effect detectors and optical detectors are known in the art and the specific types of detectors to be described are by way of example only, since other types may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
The detector 10 comprises a tuned circuit resonating at, for example, 40 kHz which drives a piezq-ele ctric tranducer transmitter, which radiates at 40 kl lz into the protected space. When the detector is in use, a
standing wave pattern of 40 kHz is established in the space, a portion of which is reflected back to the transducer, which also has a resonating frequency of 40' kHz. The output of the receiver transducer is fed into an amplifier and mixer which also receives a 40 kHz signal from the tuned circuit driver. If there is no disturbance in the ultra-sonic waves, the frequency received at the receiver transducer and therefore at the mixer is the same as the 40 kHz signal from the tuned circuit driver. However if there is any movement of a body in the protected space a different frequency is received at the receiver transducer, which when amplified and compared with the driver frequency in the mixer, produces a beat frequency. The detector allows this beat frequency to filter through to the delay integrator, which insures that the beat frequency is present for a predetermined time before transmitting a signal to the AND gate.
In the illustrated embodiment theoptical detector system 12 comprises a photo-electric detector which is positioned to receive ambient light from the same space into which the Doppler effect system 10 is transmitting, an amplifier and discriminator which receives the signal from the photo-electric detector, and an output pulse generator which feeds an alarm pulse to the AND gate.
The photo-electric devices may be photoresistive or photo-generative and may have various optical filters to make the device insensitive to light of certain band widths.
The discriminator responds to a predetermined change in illumination reaching the photo-electric detector to provide an output pulse to the AND gate.
As illustrated schematically, if the rate of change of the light received by the photo-electric detector is below a certain value, no signal is transmitted to the pulse output generator whereas if the rate of change is above said minimum value a signal is transmitted to the pulse output generator to produce an alarm pulse to the AND gate.
If both the Doppler effect detector and the optical detector provide an output signal at the same time, an output alarm signal will be transmitted to the alarm activating device, However the AND gate will not allow the alarm to be actuated if only one detector provides an output signal.
Although each detector in the above described system is subject to the false alarm conditions previously described, no single false alarm cause will cause a false alarm in both detectors simultaneously. The probability that a false alarm condition that affects the Doppler type detector will occur simultaneously with a false alarm condition that affects the optical detector, if not absolutely non-existent is very slight. The inhibiting of each detector by the other does not, however reduce the effectiveness of the detector in providing an alarm in response to an intruder.
in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, an entry and exit delay feature may be provided between the AND gateand the alarm actuating device to allow personnel time to leave the protected space after energizing the detector system, without actuating the alann, and when re-entering, to allow them time to de-energize the system before the alarm is actuated by their presence.
Since certain obvious changes may be made in the embodiment described herein, it is intended that all matter contained herein be interpreted in an illustrative and not a limiting sense.
lclaim:
1. An intruder detector system, comprising first and second detector devices arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, each of said detector devices being responsive to the entry of an intruder to provide an output signal, one of said detectors being responsive to a Doppler effect to produce its output signal, the other being responsive to a change in light intensity to produce its output signal, means receiving the output of each of said detectors, said means producing an-alarm output signal only when said detectors produce an output signal simultaneously.
2. A detector system comprising a detection device of the type utilizing a change in frequency to cause an alarm output signal and a detector device utilizing a rate of change in light intensity to cause an alarm output signal, said detector devices being arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, an AND gate, the output of said detectors being connected to said AND gate, the output of said AND gate being connected to an alarm actuating device, whereby the AND gate transmit a signal to the alarm actuating device only if both alarm devices produce an alarm output signal simultaneously.
3. A detector system, comprising a first detector producing an alarm signal output in response to a change in frequency between a transmitted signal and a received signal, and a second detector arranged to monitor at least a portion of a confined space being monitored by the first detector, said second detector being responsive to a predetermined change of light intensity to cause an alarm signal output, and means preventing said alarm signal output from either detector from actuating an alann unless the other detector also simultaneously generates an alarm signal output.

Claims (3)

1. An intruder detector system, comprising first and second detector devices arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, each of said detector devices being responsive to the entry of an intruder to provide an output signal, one of said detectors being responsive to a Doppler effect to produce its output signal, the other being responsive to a change in light intensity to produce its output signal, means receiving the output of each of said detectors, said means producing an alarm output signal only when said detectors produce an output signal simultaneously.
2. A detector system comprising a detection device of the type utilizing a change in frequency to cause an alarm output signal and a detector device utilizing a rate of change in light intensity to cause an alarm output signal, said detector devices being arranged to monitor substantially the same confined space, an AND gate, the output of said detectors being connected to said AND gate, the output of said AND gate being connected to an alarm actuating device, whereby the AND gate transmit a signal to the alarm actuating device only if both alarm devices produce an alarm output signal simultaneously.
3. A detector system, comprising a first detector producing an alarm signal output in response to a change in frequency between a transmitted signal and a received signal, and a second detector arranged to monitor at least a portion of a confined space being monitored by the first detector, said second detector being responsive to a predetermined change of light intensity to cause an alarm signal output, and means preventing said alarm signal output from either detector from actuating an alarm unless the other detector also simultaneously generates an alarm signal output.
US00131222A 1971-04-05 1971-04-05 Detector system Expired - Lifetime US3725888A (en)

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US3801978A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-04-02 E Systems Inc Ultrasonic-microwave doppler intrusion alarm system
US3866198A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-02-11 Leopold Cohen Ultrasonic intrusion detection systems employing turbulence discrimination
US3898640A (en) * 1972-07-31 1975-08-05 Romen Faser Kunststoff Method and apparatus for providing space security based upon the acoustical characteristics of the space
US3922660A (en) * 1974-12-12 1975-11-25 American District Telegraph Co Volumetric intrusion alarm using both Doppler and net-change signal processing
US4010459A (en) * 1974-11-07 1977-03-01 Borge Schloger Systems for the detection of moving objects within a survey area by microwave diffraction
US4087814A (en) * 1976-11-05 1978-05-02 Ernst Spirig Intruder alarm systems
US4141091A (en) * 1976-12-10 1979-02-27 Pulvari Charles F Automated flush system
US4331952A (en) * 1980-09-22 1982-05-25 American District Telegraph Company Redundant sensor adapter
US4401976A (en) * 1980-01-16 1983-08-30 Stadelmayr Hans G Multiple sensor interconnected alarm system responsive to different variables
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US4710750A (en) * 1986-08-05 1987-12-01 C & K Systems, Inc. Fault detecting intrusion detection device
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Cited By (59)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3801978A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-04-02 E Systems Inc Ultrasonic-microwave doppler intrusion alarm system
US3898640A (en) * 1972-07-31 1975-08-05 Romen Faser Kunststoff Method and apparatus for providing space security based upon the acoustical characteristics of the space
US3866198A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-02-11 Leopold Cohen Ultrasonic intrusion detection systems employing turbulence discrimination
US4010459A (en) * 1974-11-07 1977-03-01 Borge Schloger Systems for the detection of moving objects within a survey area by microwave diffraction
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DE2216236A1 (en) 1972-10-12
AU3912572A (en) 1973-08-23
CH563043A5 (en) 1975-06-13
GB1342552A (en) 1974-01-03
FR2131997B1 (en) 1977-07-15
IT950945B (en) 1973-06-20
BE781069A (en) 1972-07-17
DE2216236B2 (en) 1977-12-29
AU462611B2 (en) 1975-06-06
FR2131997A1 (en) 1972-11-17

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