US3710782A - Method of treating human skin with a composition for electromedical applications - Google Patents
Method of treating human skin with a composition for electromedical applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3710782A US3710782A US00862967A US3710782DA US3710782A US 3710782 A US3710782 A US 3710782A US 00862967 A US00862967 A US 00862967A US 3710782D A US3710782D A US 3710782DA US 3710782 A US3710782 A US 3710782A
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- accordance
- composition
- alcohol
- grams
- skin
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical group [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940042935 dichlorodifluoromethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(O)(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBGWGHYJIFOATF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;methyl sulfate Chemical group [K+].COS([O-])(=O)=O WBGWGHYJIFOATF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
- A61B5/259—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes using conductive adhesive means, e.g. gels
Definitions
- composition being used to treat the tissue before application of electrodes to clean it and renderit electroconductive, and comprising an aerosol propellant carrying a solution of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid inn alcohol.
- the invention is related to the electromedical art in which electrical signals generated by various parts of the anatomy, such as, the heart or brain, are monitored by electromedical apparatus to study various conditions of the part of the anatomy being monitored.
- electrical signals generated by various parts of the anatomy such as, the heart or brain
- an electrolyte such as, sodium chloride
- Typical of such electroconductive pastes is one sold commercially as Beckman Offner Paste made of glycerin, gum tragaranth and benzyl alcohol and including sodium chloride as an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte increases the electrical conductivity of the skin and thereby improves the transmission of electrical signals through the skin.
- Another paste of this type is one sold under the trade name of EKG-Sol by Burton Parsons and Company of Washington, DC. Use of the pastes is normally preceded by use of alcohol to remove skin oils, etc.
- composition which comprises an aerosol propellant which is a polyhalogen substituted lower alkane carrying an alcohol solution of a salt of an alkali metal and an organic acid.
- composition of the invention is sprayed upon the human tissue and allowed to It is preferred to use the composition in the form of an aerosol, the preferred aerosol being Freon 12.
- the preferred aerosol being Freon 12.
- Other polyhalogen substituted lower alkanes and mixed polyhalogen substituted lower alkanes may be used,
- the preferred alcohol is ethyl alcohol
- other suitable solvent alcohols are thelower alkyl alcohols, such as, methyl, propyl and octyl
- potassium acetate is the preferred salt
- other alkali metal salts of organic acids may be used. These include the sodium and potassium salts of formic, propionic, citric lactic and stearic acids, and other salts of these metals, such as, sodium or potassium methyl or ethyl sulfate.
- the amount of alcohol may vary from 30 to weight percent, depending upon the solubility of the salts, the amount of the salt in the composition may vary from 1 to 40 weightpercent depending upon its solubility and sufficient propellant must be used to create a satisfactory aerosol.
- the amount of propellant will preferably vary from about 5 to about 50 weight percent.
- EXAMPLE 1 Component Amount Ethyl Alcohol 30'grams Potassium Acetate 10 grams Freon l2 (Propellant) l2 grams A portion of the above solution was sprayed onto an area of human skin and allowed to penetrate for a few seconds. The electrical resistance of the treated skin was measured and found to be comparable to that obtained with Beckman Offner Paste and EKG-Sol, the commercial preparations.-
- EXAMPLE 2 Another portion of the above composition was sprayed onto a human chest in proper locations for attachment of the Lifesaver electrodes (patent application Ser. No. 735,394), and various size electrodes tested on the treated area. Electrical impedance of electrodes 0.70 inches in diameter between pairs of electrodes has ranged from 50,000 ohms to 900,000 ohms in a large number of experiments ranging in duration from one minute to 72 hours.
- the above results illustrate'the effectiveness of the composition in skin oilremoval and electolyte. penetration into the skin.
- the electrical impedance characteristics of the bonded electrodes which were'obtained show that there was good electrolyte penetration of the skin and low resistance contact between the skin and the electrodes.
- the alkali metal salt is an excellent electrolyte and the alcohol functions not only as a solvent for the salt but also as a skin oil removal agent. It is thus seen that the composition provides in one medium a skin oil cleanser and electrolyte and leaves no residue which interferes with the contact between the elec trode and the skin.
- a method of treating human skin preparatory to application of an electrode thereto comprising the steps of:
- composition comprises from about 30-95 weight per-
- organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of formic, acetic, propionic, citric, lactic and stearic acids.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Method of applying a composition in aerosol form for use with electromedical devices, such as, electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic devices, the composition being used to treat the tissue before application of electrodes to clean it and render it electroconductive, and comprising an aerosol propellant carrying a solution of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid inn alcohol.
Description
United States Patent, [1
Hauser [451 Jan. 16, 1973 [54] METHOD OF TREATING IIUMAN SKIN WITH A COMPOSITION FOR ELECTROMEDICAL APPLICATIONS [75] Inventor: Ray L. Hauser, Boulder, C010.
[73] Assignee: Hauser Research and Engineering Co., Boulder, C010.
[22] Filed: Oct. 1, 1969 [21] Appl. No.: 862,967,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,567,657 3/1971 Lichtenstein .il28/4l7 X 2,868,691 l/l959 Porush et a1 ..424/25 X Primary Examiner-William E. Kamm Attorney-Sheridan, Ross and Burton [57] ABSTRACT Method of applying a composition in aerosol form for use with electromedical devices, such as, electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic devices, the
composition being used to treat the tissue before application of electrodes to clean it and renderit electroconductive, and comprising an aerosol propellant carrying a solution of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid inn alcohol.
7 Claims, N0 Drawings 'METHOD OF TREATING HUMAN SKIN WITH A COMPOSITION FOR ELECTROMEDICAL APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention is related to the electromedical art in which electrical signals generated by various parts of the anatomy, such as, the heart or brain, are monitored by electromedical apparatus to study various conditions of the part of the anatomy being monitored. In
this art it is essential that the contact between the tissue and the electrode connected to the recording apparatus have a low resistance and provide the highest degree of conductivity. Accordingly, the electrode contact area of the tissue should be entirely free of skin oil and otherwise clean. According to prior art practices in which the electrode is attached to the tissue by a conductive paste, an electrolyte, such as, sodium chloride, is included in the paste. Typical of such electroconductive pastes is one sold commercially as Beckman Offner Paste made of glycerin, gum tragaranth and benzyl alcohol and including sodium chloride as an electrolyte. The electrolyte increases the electrical conductivity of the skin and thereby improves the transmission of electrical signals through the skin. Another paste of this type is one sold under the trade name of EKG-Sol by Burton Parsons and Company of Washington, DC. Use of the pastes is normally preceded by use of alcohol to remove skin oils, etc.
In order to use the available electroconductive pastes incorporating an electrolyte many electrodes are designed with a reservoir-like arrangement to contain the electrolyte. Patents disclosing electrodes of this type are U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,555,037; 2,872,926; 2,985,172; 3,085,577 and 3,187,745. These electrodes are complicated in structure, expensive to manufacture and have other disadvantages over flat type bonded contact electrodes, such as, those disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 735,394 for Biological Electrode and Method of Making Same filed in the U.S. Patent Office on June 7, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,565,059.
The prior art electroconductive pastes are inefficient with flat contact bonded electrodes as disclosed in the above referred to patent application for the reason that an adherent surface must be left on the tissue contact area in the use of the latter type electrodes and the pastes obstruct this and must be wiped off before application of flat type bonded electrodes.
Accordingly, it is a principal objective of this invention to provide a method of applying a composition for application to the electrode contact area of the tissue which provides skin oil removal, electrolyte penetration into the skin and leaves no residue on the skin to obstruct adherence of the electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Method of applying a composition which comprises an aerosol propellant which is a polyhalogen substituted lower alkane carrying an alcohol solution of a salt of an alkali metal and an organic acid. The.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In application, the composition of the invention is sprayed upon the human tissue and allowed to It is preferred to use the composition in the form of an aerosol, the preferred aerosol being Freon 12. Other polyhalogen substituted lower alkanes and mixed polyhalogen substituted lower alkanes may be used,
such as, the other freons. Although the preferred alcohol is ethyl alcohol, other suitable solvent alcohols are thelower alkyl alcohols, such as, methyl, propyl and octyl; while potassium acetate is the preferred salt, other alkali metal salts of organic acids may be used. These include the sodium and potassium salts of formic, propionic, citric lactic and stearic acids, and other salts of these metals, such as, sodium or potassium methyl or ethyl sulfate. The amount of alcohol may vary from 30 to weight percent, depending upon the solubility of the salts, the amount of the salt in the composition may vary from 1 to 40 weightpercent depending upon its solubility and sufficient propellant must be used to create a satisfactory aerosol. The amount of propellant will preferably vary from about 5 to about 50 weight percent.
The following examples are illustrative of the invention but not limiting thereof.
EXAMPLE 1 Component Amount Ethyl Alcohol 30'grams Potassium Acetate 10 grams Freon l2 (Propellant) l2 grams A portion of the above solution was sprayed onto an area of human skin and allowed to penetrate for a few seconds. The electrical resistance of the treated skin was measured and found to be comparable to that obtained with Beckman Offner Paste and EKG-Sol, the commercial preparations.-
EXAMPLE 2 Another portion of the above composition was sprayed onto a human chest in proper locations for attachment of the Lifesaver electrodes (patent application Ser. No. 735,394), and various size electrodes tested on the treated area. Electrical impedance of electrodes 0.70 inches in diameter between pairs of electrodes has ranged from 50,000 ohms to 900,000 ohms in a large number of experiments ranging in duration from one minute to 72 hours.
The above results illustrate'the effectiveness of the composition in skin oilremoval and electolyte. penetration into the skin. The electrical impedance characteristics of the bonded electrodes which were'obtained show that there was good electrolyte penetration of the skin and low resistance contact between the skin and the electrodes. The alkali metal salt is an excellent electrolyte and the alcohol functions not only as a solvent for the salt but also as a skin oil removal agent. It is thus seen that the composition provides in one medium a skin oil cleanser and electrolyte and leaves no residue which interferes with the contact between the elec trode and the skin.
What is claimed is:
l. A method of treating human skin preparatory to application of an electrode thereto, comprising the steps of:
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein, said composition comprises from about 30-95 weight per-,
cent of a lower alkyl alcohol. and about l40 weight percent of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 in which the organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of formic, acetic, propionic, citric, lactic and stearic acids.
4. A method in accordance with claim Sin which the acid is a member selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl organic acids.
5. A method in accordance with claim. 2 to which is added from about 5-50 weight percent of a polyhalogen substituted lower alkane as an aerosol propellant.
6. A method in accordance with claim Sin which the alcohol is ethyl alcohol, the organic salt is potassium acetate and the aerosol propellent is dichloro-difluoro methane.. 7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the ingredients named therein areinthe proportions of 30 grams of ethyl alcohol, 10. grams of potassium acetate,
and l 2 grams of dichloro-difluoro methane V 1B. 1F
Claims (6)
- 2. A mEthod in accordance with claim 1 wherein said composition comprises from about 30-95 weight percent of a lower alkyl alcohol and about 1-40 weight percent of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid.
- 3. A method in accordance with claim 2 in which the organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of formic, acetic, propionic, citric, lactic and stearic acids.
- 4. A method in accordance with claim 3 in which the acid is a member selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl organic acids.
- 5. A method in accordance with claim 2 to which is added from about 5-50 weight percent of a polyhalogen substituted lower alkane as an aerosol propellant.
- 6. A method in accordance with claim 5 in which the alcohol is ethyl alcohol, the organic salt is potassium acetate and the aerosol propellent is dichloro-difluoro methane.
- 7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the ingredients named therein are in the proportions of 30 grams of ethyl alcohol, 10 grams of potassium acetate, and 12 grams of dichloro-difluoro methane.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86296769A | 1969-10-01 | 1969-10-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3710782A true US3710782A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
Family
ID=25339882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00862967A Expired - Lifetime US3710782A (en) | 1969-10-01 | 1969-10-01 | Method of treating human skin with a composition for electromedical applications |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3710782A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3993049A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-11-23 | Kater John A R | Electrodes and materials therefor |
| US4318746A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-03-09 | Ipco Corporation | Highly stable gel, its use and manufacture |
| US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2868691A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1959-01-13 | Riker Laboratories Inc | Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine |
| US3567657A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1971-03-02 | Joseph Lichtenstein | Electrically conductive skin conditioning system |
-
1969
- 1969-10-01 US US00862967A patent/US3710782A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2868691A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1959-01-13 | Riker Laboratories Inc | Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine |
| US3567657A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1971-03-02 | Joseph Lichtenstein | Electrically conductive skin conditioning system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3993049A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-11-23 | Kater John A R | Electrodes and materials therefor |
| US4318746A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-03-09 | Ipco Corporation | Highly stable gel, its use and manufacture |
| US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
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