US3699359A

US3699359A - Electronic latching device

Info

Publication number: US3699359A
Application number: US135544A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rufus F Shelby
Original assignee: Philco Ford Corp
Current assignee: Maxar Space LLC
Priority date: 1971-04-20
Filing date: 1971-04-20
Publication date: 1972-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1989-10-17
Also published as: CA950539A

Abstract

A momentary contact touch switch operates an electronic latching circuit which applies a constant direct current to a potentiometer. The potentiometer arm produces a controlled output voltage suitable for the remote electronic control of circuits having voltage sensitive variable capacitor tuning elements. A plurality of such devices operate as a touch-button tuning control with the potentiometers acting as the tuning controls to preset the touch-buttons. The voltage outputs of the potentiometers are fed through isolating diodes to a common control voltage output line so that only the potentiometer that is energized will be electrically connected to the output. All of the latching circuits are connected to a common element so that when any one circuit is actuated by a touch button, all of the others are deenergized.

Description

United States Patent Shelby I [54] ELECTRONIC LATCHING DEVICE [72] Inventor: Rufus F. Shelby, Philadelphia, Pa.

[73] Assignee: Philco-Ford Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.

22' Filed: 'April20, 1971 211 Appl.No.:135,544

52 1' U.S.Cl ..307/252K, 307/288, 307 292,

307/308, 325/465, 334/7 [51] Int. Cl. .Q ..H03k 17/00 53 Field of Search ..307/22I, 252 K, 252 Q, 305, 307/288, 292, 255, 30s; 334/7; 325/465 Primary Examiner-Rudolph V. Rolinec Assistant Examiner-David M. Carter Attorney-Robert D. Sanborn 57 I ABSTRACT A momentary contact touch switch operates an electronic latching circuit which applies a constant direct current to a potentiometer. The potentiometer arm produces a controlled output voltage suitable for the remote electronic control of circuits having voltage sensitive variable capacitor tuning elements. A plurali- [56] References Cited ty of such devices operate as a touch-button tuning control with the potentiometers acting as the tuning UNITED STATES PATENTS controls to preset the touch-buttons. The voltage out- 3,564,282 2/1971 volelsberg "307/221 B puts of the potentiometers are fed through isolating 3,274,555 9/1966 Luke ..307/221.B dwdes to P volPage EP "3 that only the potentiometer that IS energized wIll be .FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS electrically connected to the output. All of the v latching circuits are connected to a common element 1,908,533 2/1969 Germany ..307/221 B so that when any one circuitis actuated by a touch button, all of the others are deenergized.

'5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures rm 5: 1m 6! 2 /V In an fAEfil/l/lffd f A j I" VOLTAGE 4 "I I Jt Z I i i 3 I I T l k I I 0 I L I i I I i I \1/ I I 1 I "1 Q r I l I 6 I I l comma; 1 04 r46: '00 Til/7' l ELECTRONIC LATCI-IING DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The potential advantages of using voltage variable reactances in electronic tuning systems have long been a recognized but only recently have fabrication techniques been developed to where suitable devices can be reproducably made on a large-scale low-cost basis. Semiconductor diodes have a voltage variable capacitor (VVC) characteristic. These diodes provide reasonable capacitance values that can be varied over a wide range by merely changing the magnitude of an applied reverse bias voltage. They are very small, unaffected by mechanical vibration, require very little control power, and perform well at high frequencies. Now that cost problems are being solved usage is expanding rapidly. One of the most attractive properties of such diodes is their ability to be connected physically very close to the electrical elements which are to betuned.

ry-contact switches that are quiet, require little effort, and are subject to little wear. The latching and connection functions are accomplished with an electronic circuit. Electrical relays withlatching electrical contact connections have been used to permit the use of touch button actuators but these are expensive, subject to many of the problems of ordinary switches, bulky, and

CAPACITANCE DIODES by L. W. Read and L. A. i

Weldon in the November 1963 issue of IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers starting on page 27.

While semiconductor diodes are the preferred voltage sensitive element, any suitable device can be used. For example electrostrictive capacitors can be used where relatively small changes in capacitance are ac- .ceptable. Variable inductance elements could be used and variable reactance electronic circuits are also somewhat noisy. Static relays, the electrical counterpart of conventional relays but having no moving parts, have proven to be very useful in switching functions. They waste little power, have no contact problems, are silent in operation and can be made very small. For background, reference may be had to the book titled Static Relays for Electronic Circuits edited by R. F. Blake and published by Engineering'Publishers, 1961 SUMMARY or THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic latchingcircuit that can be used in plural form with touch button switches selectively to provide any one of a plurality of adjustable d-c voltage'levels.

It is a further object to achieve the latching function with complementary solid state devices that dissipate very little energy.

It is a still further object to employ solid state latching circuits in a touch-button system for selecting a preset voltage for adjusting, through the agency of a voltage variable reactance device the frequency of a tuned radio frequency circuit.

These and other objects are achieved by employing a bank of touch-button momentary contact switches to operate a plurality of electronic latching circuits, one for each switch. The preferred circuit employs an NPN and a PNP transistor in a back to back configuration operated through a bank of pushbuttons. Each push button connects a potentiometer to a source of voltage and to the tuner. The potentiometer can be preset to provide the desired tuning voltage. Thus the pushbuttons and adjustments (potentiometers) do not have to be physically close to the tuner.

Mechanical pushbutton switches ordinarily'employ a mechanical latching device that holds a button in a depressed condition until another button is depressed, whereupon the formerly pressed button is released and the newly depressed button latched. Each button actuates a set of switch contacts that can be arranged to provide the required electrical switching functions. Such devices are subject to considerably mechanical wear, are-noisy and require substantial effort and motion to engage. Furthermore the electrical contacts generate electrical noise and tend to become intermittent with prolonged use.

Much of the shortcomings of pushbutton switches can be overcome by using touch buttons or momentathat has two stable states. In the on state, each transistor conducts and holds the other transistor in a conductive condition. In the off" state, bias voltages hold both transistors in the cut off condition so that neither device conducts. The output element in each latching circuit is a potentiometer. When the circuit is in the on state a source of regulated d-c voltage is applied to the potentiometer. In the off state the potentiometer is disconnected or isolated so that no voltage appears across it. The arm of each potentiometer, one for each switch, is connected to a common output line through a diode poled to conduct when the potentiometer arm is at a potential greater than that present on the output line. Thus a single circuit in the group that is in the on state will be connected to the output line while all off circuits will be disconnected by means of a reverse biased diode.

Each latching circuit has a common connection to all of the others for the purpose of turning the latch off. When any one circuit isenergized by a touch button, a voltage is generated by the on transistors that will turn all other circuits off. This imposes a condition ensuring that only the latching circuit associated with the energized touch button will remain on.

electronic latching device, and

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the preferred electronic latching circuit.-

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED PRACTICE OF THE INVENTION In FIG. 1 a panel assembly 1 contains a row of touch button switches 2 and indicating devices 7. In the interest of economy the indicating devices 7 could be omitted but where some sort of indicator is desired a conventional lamp may be employed. Alternatively indicator 7 could be an electroluminescent diode or even a numeral display device. While the indicators 7 are shown as being associated with the touch buttons they could be separate in the form of a remote display. A

regulated power supply of conventional design supplies a constant d-c voltage to the system.

The touch buttons are simple momentary contact spring return switches. However they could be of a more complex design such as those switches that rely on body capacity or signal pickup, or an electro optical device can be used to detect the proximity of a hand or finger. These latter switch types can be actuated either by touch or proximity. Another suitable switch type is magnetically actuated. The touch button moves a small magnet that operates a sealed-reed-type switch. While any switch type can be used regardless of the mode of operation its ultimate action is that of a single-pole single throw normally-open switch. The following discussion will refer only to the basic type.

Associated with each touch button is an electronic latching circuit 3 having a potentiometer 4 as its output device. An isolation diode 5 connects the adjustable arm of each potentiometer to a control voltage output line that will be'connected to a voltage variable capacitor used to control the frequency of a tuned circuit.

In the case of a television tuner three circuits such as the local oscillator, the r-f amplifier and the converter, each with its own voltage variable capacitor, might be tuned simultaneously by a single voltage source.

' All of the latching circuits are interconnected by common resistor 6. When a touch button is depressed, the associated latching circuit is turned on. The function of resistor 6 is to cause all other latching circuits to be turned off, in a manner to be described with reference to FIG. 2, so that only the one actuated circuit remains on.

The isolation diodes 5 are so poled that any energized potentiometer is connected to the common control voltage output line whereas the diodes associated with deenergized potentiometers are back biased and effectively open circuits.

The energized potentiometer serves as a manuallyoperated tuning element for the controlled tuned circuits. It can be used as a knob-operated tuning element directly, or it can be preset so the system will operate as does a conventional push button system.

In FIG. 2, two interconnected latching stages are shown, but, as indicated by the dotted lines, any number can be used. The circuits are powered by a regulated power supply to stabilize the r-f tuning characteristics. Regulation avoids problems of line voltage change and variable load conditions causing changes in tuning.

In stagel complementary transistors are shown. A PNP transistor 9 and an NPN transistor 10 are connected back to back to create a latching circuit. When touch button switch 2 is depressed capacitor 15, which has previously charged to the full value of regulated voltage through resistor 14, is connected to the base of transistor 10. This action turns transistor 10 on strongly and causes current to flow through resistor 13 producing an emitter-base voltage on transistor 9 that will turn it on. This action causes the regulated voltage to be applied to the shunt combination of potentiometer 4 and lamp 7, reduced only by the small saturation voltage drop across transistor 9. The voltage developed across the said shunt combination is coupled to the base of transistor 10. The proportion of coupling resistors 11 and 12 is selected so that transistor 10 will remain on even through capacitor 15 becomes discharged, or even if touch button switch 2 is allowed to open. Thus once the transistors 9 and 10 are turned on, the latching circuit will keep them on and potentiometer 4 will provide a source of variable d-c voltage for VVC tuning. I

Stage 1, as well as any other on stage, can be turned off by interrupting the power source as by turning the equipment off. Alternatively the actuation of any other touch button will also turn the stage off. If for example stage 1 is on and stage 2 energized, the automatic turn off of stage 1 is effectuated as follows. When the touch button of stage 2 is actuated and the associated NPN transistor 10a turned on strongly, a voltage develops across resistor 6 that has a polarity that will turn transistor 10 off. It is only necessary that the voltage developed across resistor 6 when stage 2 is turned on be great enough to overcome the voltage across resistor 11 that holds transistor 10 on. Once transistor 10 is turned off the voltage across resistor 13 holding transistor 9 on disappears, thereby causing transistor 9 -to stop conducting. This causes the bias applied to transistor 10, by way of resistors 11 and 12, to disappear so as to leave both transistors 9 and 10 off.

The following list of components constitutes a set of values that result in circuit performance as described above:

' 28 volts PNP silicon 2N3906 NPN silicon 2N3904 Regulated supply Transistor 9 Transistor l0 Diode 5 Silicon planar diode FD-lOO Potentiometer 4 50 k ohms Resistor 6 220 ohms Lamp 7 28 volts 40 ma. type 1819 Resistor ll 15 k ohms Resistor 12 27 k ohms Resistor 13 l k ohms Resistor 14 68 k ohms Capacitor 15 .Ol microfarad While the above described circuit is preferred, numerous modifications may be employed within the scope of the invention. For example, lamp 7 can be incorporated onto other circuit locations. The lamp 7 could be replaced by an electro-mechanical indicator or an electroluminescent diode or diode array with a suitable current limiting resistor. Also other forms of 5 a 6 b. a plurality of electronic latching circuits, each common output line while isolating from said comlatching circuit containing a momentary contact mon output line all potentiometers associated with push button switch, a potentiometer, and active alatching circuit in the off state. Circuit elements connected to Provide two stable 2. The switching circuit of claim 1 including means e letfial 5tateS, an State whefein P PP Q 5 for indicating which latching circuit is in the on state. tiometer is connected through said active circuit The switching circuit of claim 1 wherein said elements) fi' source of fegulfned 9 tive circuit elements comprises a pair of complementaand an off state wherein said potentiometer is W transistors.

isolated from said source of regulated direct cur- 4 The switching circuit of claim 1 wherein said rent, saidon state bein actuatedb said switch; 10 1 6 means common to sgaid plural); of electronic means for connecting corrliaprises a semiconductor tc i circuit.

latching circuits and responsive to the actuation to 2 h the on state of a selectedone of said latching The W9? clrcult 9 c mm W erem circuits for actuating the state in means for indicating comprises lamp elements conselectedlatching circuiwand v nected in parallel with said potentiometers.

d. means for connecting said potentiometers to a

Claims

1. A switching circuit for use with a radio frequency tuner employing a voltage variable reactance tuning element, including a plurality of means for supplying an adjustable voltage to said voltage variable reactance so that said tuner can be adjusted to any one of a plurality of frequencies at will by actuating one of a plurality of momentary contact switches, said circuit comprising: a. a source of regulated direct current; b. a plurality of electronic latching circuits, each latching circuit containing a momentary contact push button switch, a potentiometer, and active circuit elements connected to provide two stable electrical states, an ''''on'''' state wherein said potentiometer is connected through said active circuit element to said source of regulated direct current, and an ''''off'''' state wherein said potentiometer is isolated from said source of regulated direct current, said on state being actuated by said switch; c. means common to said plurality of electronic latching circuits and responsive to the actuation to the ''''on'''' state of a selected one of said latching circuits for actuating the ''''off'''' state in non-selected latching circuits; and d. means for connecting said potentiometers to a common output line while isolating from said common output line all potentiometers associated with a latching circuit in the ''''off'''' state.

2. The switching circuit of claim 1 including means for indicating which latching circuit is in the ''''on'''' state.

3. The switching circuit of claim 1 wherein said active circuit elements comprises a pair of complementary transistors.

4. The switching circuit of claim 1 wherein said means for connecting comprises a semiconductor diode for each electronic latching circuit.

5. The switching circuit of claim 2 wherein said means for indicating comprises lamp elements connected in parallel with said potentiometers.